ملخص ميد ترم مبادئ القانون PDF

Summary

This document is a summary of a midterm exam for a law course called "Principles of Law". It covers various topics about law, including the natural law, positive law, customary law, and the different branches of government. The document also details the characteristics of legal norms.

Full Transcript

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده دﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﻴﺪ ﺗﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫‪Ahmed‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫‪Yasser‬‬...

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده دﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﻴﺪ ﺗﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫‪Ahmed‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫‪Yasser‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮت ﻓﻜﺮه اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻔﺮد ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻠﺬي ﻻ ﻳﺘﺪﺧﻞ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ‬ ‫🔸اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ ذاﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫🔸اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺮف‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﻮب وﻻﻛﻦ ﻣﺠﺮد اﻟﻌﺎده ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ وﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬‫&‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ اﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪد او ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﺤﺪده‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺟﻤﻪ‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫🔸اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻮاب ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬﻫﺎ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﻪ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻋﺎﻣﻪ و ﻣﺠﺮده‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻋﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﺠﺮده ﻻ ﺗﺨﺺ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺘﺮﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﻠﻮك ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﻪ ﺑﺴﻠﻮك ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ )ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻔﻬﻮش ﻧﻴﻪ (‬ ‫‪ -3‬ان ﻳﺘﺮﻃﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺰا ﻣﺎدي‬ ‫ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺠﺰا ﻣﺎدي ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﺟﻨﺤﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ او ﻳﺘﻢ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ )اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ(‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻮاب ﺑﻴﻄﻠﻊ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ وﻳﻌﻠﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺳﻦ ‪ 21‬ﻳﺤﺪد ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺪ ده ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻜﺘﻮب‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺮت اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ )اﻟﻌﺮف(‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪ اﺗﻌﻮر ﺑﻴﺮوح اﺑﻮه ﻳﻘﺪم ﻋﻮض ﻣﺒﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻮق واﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺎﻫﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﻤﻪ ادي اﻟﻲ ﻓﻘﺪان ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﻪ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪد اﻹﺟﺮاءات او اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﺘﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻀﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﺘﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ دول اﺟﺮاءات ﺷﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﻻزم ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺮﻳﻦ راﻳﺲ اﻟﺠﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎر ﻳﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل واﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻻزم ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﻦ ﻋﺸﺎن اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻳﺼﺪر‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﻪ )اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ(‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺼﻔﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮه وﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ اﻟﻲ إذا ﺻﺪرت ﻗﺎﻋﺪه أﺧﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻐﻴﻬﺎ او ﺗﻌﺪﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ووﻟﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺟﻪ اﺗﻘﺪم ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ان ﺳﻨﻪ ‪ 16‬ﺳﻨﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ ‪ 18‬ﻳﻮم ﻟﻤﺎ ﺟﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻﺣﺪاث‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻦ ‪ 15‬ﺳﻨﻪ ﻳﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﺣﺪاث‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﺪر ﻟﺘﻔﺮه ﻣﺤﺪده او ﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﺤﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻴﺮوس ﻛﻮروﻧﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻫﻴﻤﺸﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺳﻮف ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻏﺮاﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ اﻻن ﻓﻴﺮوس ﻣﺸﻲ ﻓﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻻﻣﺮه‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ان اي ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮي اﻻﺻﺮار واﻟﺘﺮﺻﺪ ﻳﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻘﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺒﺪ اﻟﻲ اﻻﻋﺪام ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺮط أﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ واﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬‫&‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ او اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﺻﺪور ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫زي ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ وﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻃﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺮﺳﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﻪ اﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدراﻟﻐﻴﺮ رﺳﻤﻴﻪ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﻪ(‬ ‫اﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮاﺋﺢ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن واﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﻊ‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‪:‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ اﺗﺴﺎع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻻن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻮاب‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﻳﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻪ واﻟﺴﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﻪ راﻳﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮري ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﻟﻪ اﺻﺪار اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻪ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻮاب‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫⚪‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺗﺼﺪر ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ان ﻗﻮاﻋﺪه واﺿﺤﻪ وﻣﺤﺪده‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻪ ارﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻻﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺠﻨﻮد وﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬‫&‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﻪ‬ ‫أ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫🔸ب ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ اﻻﺣﺴﺎس اﻟﻤﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻘﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻻﻛﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ أﺿﻴﻖ ﻧﺘﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻐﻴﺮ رﺳﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻜﺎر ودراﺳﺎت اﺳﺎﺗﺬه ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺷﺎد ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫🔴‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺒﻘﻪ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻤﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﻴﻪ او ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرج اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺮي او اﺟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ دوﻟﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮي اﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻳﺘﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺼﺮي‬ ‫ﻟﻮ واﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺼﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي وﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ان اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﻪ وﺧﺎرج اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻣﺰج ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﺗﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻤﺒﺪا اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻷﺧﺮي ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫اﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪-1‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﺣﻜﺎم اﻻﺳﺮه واﻟﺰواج ﺗﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن دوﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮط اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎم ﻋﺪم ﻣﺨﺎﻻﻓﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪ -2‬ان اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﺸﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎت اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﺮاء‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺾ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺴﻔﺮات اﻻﺟﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﻔﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮط ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻪ )ﺣﻖ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎب وﺣﻖ اﻟﺘﺮﺷﺢ(‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻮز ﻻي ﻣﻮاﻃﻦ ﻣﺼﺮي ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺼﺮ ﺷﻐﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻟﻼﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﺮﺷﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪه وﻫﻮه ﻋﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻳﻪ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫🔸‬ ‫أ ⬅ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫⬅‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻻﺟﻨﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﻪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎه اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮي اﻟﻤﻘﻴﻢ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺼﺮ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻪ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻳﻪ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺒﻼد ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺼﺮي‬ ‫وﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮده ﻟﻤﺼﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮي‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي )ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻪ اﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ( ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮي واﻻﺣﻨﺒﻲ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻼد او ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫‪A&Y‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﻳﺪه اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﻪ ﺧﻼل ‪ 15‬ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺸﺮه ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﻳﺪه اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 30‬ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺎء اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫أ‪ -‬إﻟﻐﺎء ﺻﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺻﺪور ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻳﻨﺺ ﺻﺮاﺣﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺎء اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺪور ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺮﻃﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻠﻐﺎء او ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪث واﻗﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫📌‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ وﻣﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﺮه ﻣﻦ زﻣﻦ وﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ زاد‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮه اﻟﻌﻘﻬﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫م‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪#Ahmed_Yasser‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬

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