4th Quarter Periodical Exam CLE Reviewer 8 PDF

4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ The Season of Easter ➔ The word “Easter” comes from ➔ There are 50 days of Easter from Old English, meaning simply th...

4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ The Season of Easter ➔ The word “Easter” comes from ➔ There are 50 days of Easter from Old English, meaning simply the the first Sunday to Pentecost. “East.” The sun which rises in the East, bringing light, warmth, and ➔ Mankind’s need for the message of hope, is a symbol for rising Christ, Divine Mercy took on dire urgency who is the true Light of the in the twentieth century, when world. civilization began to experience an “eclipse of the sense of God.” The Paschal Candle ➔ Used during the Easter Vigil ➔ In 1931, Jesus appeared to Sr. ➔ A central symbol of this divine light, Faustina in Poland and expressed which is Christ. his desire for a feast celebrating his mercy. The Feast of Mercy ➔ The pure beeswax of which the was to be on the Sunday after candle is made represents the Easter and was to include a public sinless Christ who was formed in blessing and liturgical veneration of the womb of His Mother. The His image with the inscription Easter candle is lighted each day “Jesus, I trust in You.” during Mass throughout the Paschal season until the feast of Ascension. ➔ The Paschal Mystery culminates in the Ascension of Jesus. Easter Vigil ➔ After his appearance here on earth ➔ “Mother of all vigils” in his risen body, and “after giving ➔ On this holy night, the Church instructions through the Holy Spirit keeps watch, celebrating the to the apostles whom he had resurrection of Christ in the chosen” (Acts 1:2), Jesus “was sacraments, and awaiting his lifted up and a cloud took him from return in glory. their sight” (Acts 1:9): The season of Easter is the most The Solemnity of Pentecost important of all liturgical times, which ➔ On the fiftieth (50th) day of Catholics celebrate as the Lord's Easter, concludes the Easter resurrection from the dead, culminating season. in his Ascension to the Father and ➔ It marks the occasion of God sending of the Holy Spirit upon the sending the Holy Spirit upon Jesus’ Church. disciples after his Resurrection. On Pentecost, the Holy Spirit gave Octave of Easter the disciples the strength to fulfill ➔ Comprises eight days, which their commission to spread the stretch from the first to the Second Good News of Jesus. Sunday. ➔ It is a way of prolonging the joy of the initial day. MJT || 1  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ T4.1: The Seventh Commandment according to the divine “You shall not steal” commission for creation. What is regulated by the Seventh What is theft and what falls under the Commandment? YouCat 426 Seventh Commandment? YouCat 428 ➔ In the first place, the Seventh ➔ Appropriating someone else’s Commandment actually forbids goods unjustly is a sin against the only Seventh Commandment even if taking someone else’s property the act cannot be indicted under unlawfully. civil law. ➔ It requires the just management ➔ What is unjust in God’s eyes is and distribution of the earth’s unjust. goods. ➔ It regulates the question of private The Seventh Commandment, of course, applies not only to stealing, but also to: property, the distribution of the proceeds of human work, and the The unfair withholding of a just distribution of raw materials. wage ➔ It says that we are obliged in faith The keeping of found items instead to advocate the protection of the of giving back environment as part of Creation Illegally obtaining money by deception and to conserve the earth’s resources. The Seventh Commandment also pertains to the following: What is there no absolute right to private property? YouCat 427 Setting employees to work in inhumane conditions Not abiding by contracts into which ➔ There is no absolute but only a one has entered relative right to private property Wasting profits without any because God created the earth consideration for social obligations and its goods for all mankind. Artificially driving prices up or down ➔ Before parts of the created reality Endangering the jobs of colleagues for whom one is responsible can “belong” to individuals, Bribery or corruption because they have been Misleading dependent coworkers obtained legally, inherited, or into illegal actions received as gifts, these owners Doing shoddy work or demanding must know that there is no property inappropriate remuneration without social obligation. Wasting or negligently managing public property Counterfeiting or falsifying ➔ The private owner who manages accounting records or tax evasion and increases a plot of land in keeping with the Creator’s plan and divides the proceeds in such a way that each person gets what is his due is by all means acting MJT || 2  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ What rules apply to intellectual ➔ Taxes should be just and property? YouCat 429 proportionate and should be levied by law. ➔ The misappropriation of intellectual property is also theft. One May a Christian speculate in the example is Plagiarism. stock market or in Internet stocks? Plagiarism is the YouCat 432 unauthorized and concealed appropriation of ➔ A Christian can speculate in the one’s intellectual property stock market or in Internet stocks Made out to be one’s own as long as he does so within the intellectual achievement parameters of normal business practices and does not thereby But not just plagiarism is theft. The theft of break any other commandments. intellectual property: Speculating in stocks becomes immoral Begins with copying another when: student’s work in school Continues in the illegal taking of Dishonest means are used material from the internet The transaction puts one’s own life Applies to the making and or another’s life savings at risk trafficking of pirated couples instead of insuring income Extends to business dealings of Such speculation becomes an stolen concepts and ideas addiction as with games of chance ➔ Every acquisition of someone How should we treat property that else’s intellectual property belongs to everyone? YouCat 433 demands the free consent and appropriate remuneration of the ➔ Vandalism and deliberately author or inventor. damaging public facilities and common property are forms of theft Is it permissible to use tax dodges? and restitution must be made. YouCat 431 May a Christian make bets and play ➔ It is immoral to evade taxes or to games of chance? YouCat 434 commit tax fraud, in other words, to falsify, fail to report, or conceal ➔ Betting and gambling are immoral facts so as to prevent a correct and dangerous when the gambler assessment of taxes due. risks his livelihood. ➔ It becomes even worse if he risks ➔ By paying taxes, citizens the livelihood of other people, contribute, each according to his especially of those who are ability, so that the State can fulfill entrusted to his care. its duties. Tax evasion is not a petty infraction. MJT || 3  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ ➔ Morally speaking, it is a highly natural beauty, and its dwindling dubious practice to wager large resources, as a living space, and sums on a game of chance while preserve it so that future others lack the bare necessities generations also can live well on of life. the earth. ➔ Betting and gambling, furthermore, can be addictive and enslave ➔ Having “dominion over the people. earth” does not mean having an absolute right to dispose arbitrarily of animate and inanimate nature, Is it permissible to “buy” and “sell” animals, and plants. human beings? YouCat 435 ➔ Because man is created in God’s ➔ No human being, not even parts image, he should care for God’s of human being may be turned creation as a shepherd and into commodities nor may a steward. person make himself a commodity. How should we treat the animals? ➔ Man belongs to God and has YouCat 437 been endowed by Him with freedom and dignity. ➔ Animals are our fellow creatures, ➔ In the case of human trafficking, which we should care for and in people are deprived of their which we should delight, just as freedom, their dignity, and their God delights in their existence. right, even of their lives. Others ➔ Animals, too, are sentient reduce them to objects with which creatures of God. It is a sin to their owner can make a profit. torture them, to allow them to suffer, or to kill them uselessly. Human trafficking happens when: ➔ Nevertheless, man may not place Trafficking in organs for love of animals above love of transplantation and; man In embryos for the biotech industry Are poverty and underdevelopment Or in children for purposes of an inescapable fate? YouCat 448 adoption The recruiting of child soldiers, for ➔ God has entrusted to us a rich prostitution, for slavery earth that could offer all men sufficient food and living space. How should we treat the ➔ Yet there are whole regions, environment? YouCat 436 countries, and continents in which many people have scarcely the ➔ We fulfill God’s commission with bare necessities for living. regard to Creation when we care for the earth, with its biological laws, its variety of species, its MJT || 4  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ ➔ There are complex historical What are the Spiritual Works of causes for this division in the Mercy? world, but it is not irreformable. ➔ The rich countries have the 1. Instruct the ignorant moral obligation to help the 2. Counsel the doubtful underdeveloped nations out of 3. Comfort the sorrowful poverty through developmental aid 4. Admonish the sinner and establishment of just economic 5. Bear wrongs patiently and commercial conditions. 6. Forgive all injuries 7. Pray for the living and dead What importance do the poor have for Christians? YouCat 449 T4.2: The Tenth Commandment “You shall not covet to your neighbor’s ➔ Love for the poor must be in goods” every age the distinguishing mark of Christians. What attitude should a Christian take toward other people’s property? ➔ The poor deserve not just a few YouCat 465 alms; they have a claim to justice. ➔ There is material, emotional, ➔ A Christian must learn to intellectual, and spiritual distinguish reasonable desires poverty. from those that are unreasonable and unjust. ➔ Christians must look after the ➔ A Christian must also acquire an needy of this earth with great interior attitude of respect for consideration, love, and other people’s property. perseverance. ➔ Our example in love for the poor is Covetousness leads to: Christ. Greed, Theft, YouCat 450 Robbery and fraud, Violence and injustice, What are the Corporal Works of Envy Mercy? Immoderate desires to own what belongs to others 1. Feed the hungry 2. Give drink to the thirsty What is envy and how can you fight 3. Clothe the naked against it? YouCat 466 4. Shelter the homeless 5. Visit the sick ➔ Envy is sadness and annoyance 6. Visit the imprisoned at the sight of another’s well-being 7. Bury the dead and the desire to acquire unjustly what others have. MJT || 5  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ Envy decreases: ➔ Lying means consciously and When we try to rejoice more and intentionally speaking or acting more in the accomplishments and against truth. gifts of others, ➔ Someone who lies deceives When we believe in God’s himself and misleads others who benevolent providence for have the right to know the full truth ourselves as well, of a matter. When we set our heart on true ➔ Every lie is an offense against wealth justice and charity. ➔ Lying is a form of violence; it Why does Jesus demand that we introduces the seed of division practice “poverty in spirit”? into a community YouCat 467 ➔ It undermines the trust on which every human community is based ➔ Young people, too, experience emptiness What does our relationship to the ➔ But experiencing this sort of truth have to do with God? poverty is not just something bad YouCat 453 ➔ This feeling of emptiness reminds us to seek with our whole hearts ➔ Living in respect for the truth the ONE who can fill our means not only being true to emptiness and make wealth out of oneself. our poverty. ➔ More precisely it means being truthful, being true to God, for He is the source of all truth. What should a person yearn for the ➔ We find the truth about God and most? YouCat 468 about all of reality quite directly in Jesus, who is the “the Way, the ➔ The ultimate and greatest Truth, and the Life.” (John 14:6) longing of a person can only be for God. ➔ Someone who follows Jesus ➔ To see Him, our Creator, Lord, and brings greater and greater Redeemer, is unending truthfulness into his life. blessedness. ➔ He eliminates all lies, falsehood, pretense, and ambiguity from his T4.3: The Eighth Commandment accomplishments in life and “You shall not bear false witness against becomes transparent toward the your neigbor” truth. ➔ To believe means to become a What does the Eighth Commandment witness to the Truth. require of us? YouCat 452 ➔ It teaches us not to lie. MJT || 6  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ How strongly obligatory is the truth ➔ Communicating truth must be done of the faith? YouCat 454 prudently within the context of charity. ➔ Every Christian must give When conveying information, we should testimony to the truth and thereby think of Three Sieves of Socrates: follow after Christ. Is it true? ➔ This can even mean that a Is it kind? Christian lays down his life out Is it helpful? of fidelity to the truth and love for ➔ Everything we say must be true, God and mankind. but we need not say everything ➔ This ultimate form of commitment that is true. to the truth is called martyrdom. CFC 1233-1240 ➔ Martyrdom comes from the Greek What are the offenses against the word “martyria” that means to give Truth? witness or testimony. ➔ A Christian martyr is a person who ➔ Lying is the most common and is ready to suffer violence or even direct offense against the truth. to be killed for Christ. It is the intentional misrepresentation of the truth by What does it mean to be truthful? word, gesture, and even silence. YouCat 455 ➔ The evil of lying varies with the nature of the truth it distorts, the ➔ The worst form of untruthfulness is circumstances, the intention, and perjury. the damage suffered by the victim. ➔ Perjury is reaffirming a false ➔ But there are many kinds, statement, whereby God is motivations, and situations of intentionally called to witness an lying. untruth. ➔ Perjury is a serious sin. ➔ There are the common so-called “white lies” or boasting What does telling the truth require (pasiklab), exaggerating one’s discretion? YouCat 457 qualities or actions to gain favor with others. ➔ Discretion comes from the Latin ➔ Other lies are caused by fear, word “discernere” that means to escapist lying (palusot), or for distinguish. It is the ability to saving face (preserving one’s determine what one can say to supposed good image before whom and when. others). ➔ Often the truth is wielded as a weapon and thus has a destructive ➔ Sometimes it is just a case of rather than a constructive effect. careless lying (sabi-sabi), or simple flattery (pambobola). MJT || 7  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ ➔ Often these individual lies are of ➔ If one cannot make amends small moment but the damage publicly for a lie or false testimony, done to the persons involved is not one must at least do whatever one easily rectified. can secretly. ➔ If one cannot compensate the ➔ But other lies can be of a more injured party directly for the wrong, serious nature. Lies told from one is obliged in conscience to malice to harm others; lies of give him moral satisfaction. propaganda or for profit; lies of ➔ In other words, one must do his hypocrisy or of half-truths by best so as to make at least a which the truth is twisted to seem symbolic reparation. to say something which is not so. ➔ Contrived flattery of others can What ethical responsibilities are be lying when it is obviously connected with the communications exaggerated to gain undue favor media? YouCat 459 from authorities. ➔ Even silence (pasimple) can be a ➔ Media producers have a lie when it is the coward’s “refuge” responsibility toward media to avoid trouble or to support consumers. Above all they must something wrong. truthfully inform. ➔ In both the gathering and ➔ More serious still are false publication of real news, the rights witness and perjury which take and dignity of individuals must be place when the lie is spoken in observed. public, particularly in court. ➔ In detraction and ➔ The means of social slander/calumny, we destroy the communication should contribute good name of our neighbor by to the establishment of justice, publicly revealing, without freedom, and solidarity in the necessity, their hidden faults. The world. faults may be real as in detraction, ➔ In actual fact, the media are or invented as in slander/calumny. commonly used as weapons in ➔ What perhaps is more common is ideological conflict or in a quest for tale-bearing among children and higher ratings. gossiping (tsismis) among adults. ➔ All ethical regulation of the What should you do if you have lied content is abandoned and the to, deceived, or betrayed someone? media are turned into instruments YouCat 456 for seducing people and making them dependent. ➔ Every offense against truth and justice, even if it has been forgiven, demands reparation. MJT || 8  4TH QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM CLE REVIEWER 8 ___________________________________________________________________ What dangers result from the media? ➔ Art is not the end in itself. It YouCat 460 should uplift people, move them, improve them, and ultimately ➔ Many people, especially children, lead them to worship and thank think that whatever they see in God. the media is real. ➔ If in the name of entertainment violence is glorified, anti-social behavior is approved of, human sexuality is trivialized, this is a sin both of those in the media who are responsible and also of those supervisory authorities that ought to put a stop to it. ➔ People who work in the media should always be aware of the fact that their productions have an educational effect. ➔ Young people must constantly examine themselves to determine whether they are able to use the media freely, with critical distance, or whether they have become addicted to particular media. ➔ Every person is responsible for his soul. ➔ Those who consume violence, hatred, and pornography in the media become spiritually deadened and do themselves harm. How does art mediate between beauty and truth? YouCat 461 ➔ The true and beautiful belong together, for God is the source of beauty and also the source of truth. ➔ What cannot be said in words or expressed in thought is brought to light in art. MJT || 9