Minerals and Rocks PDF

MINERALS MINERALOGY - The study of minerals MINERALOGIST - The one who study minerals CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS NATURALLY OCCURING - A product of Earth’s natural processes. INORGANIC - It must be product of Earth’s physical processes. HOMOGENEOUS SOLID - Minerals should have definite volume and...

MINERALS MINERALOGY - The study of minerals MINERALOGIST - The one who study minerals CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS NATURALLY OCCURING - A product of Earth’s natural processes. INORGANIC - It must be product of Earth’s physical processes. HOMOGENEOUS SOLID - Minerals should have definite volume and rigid volume. DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION - Represented by a chemical formula ORDERLY CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE - Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS COLOR - Mineral’s color may change depending on the surface. STREAK - Color of mineral in powdered form. HARDNESS - Minerals resistance to scratching. CLEAVAGE - Mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OR HABIT DIAPHANEITY - Ability to allow light to pass through it. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample. LUSTER - How light is reflected off a surface TENACITY - Describes the minerals reaction to stress. BRITTLENESS - A mineral turns into powder. MALLEABILITY - A mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer. DUCTILITY - A mineral can be stretched into wire. INELASTIC - Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position. ELASTIC - Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position. SECTILITY - Ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife. ROCKS TYPES OF ROCKS AND THEIR PROPERTIES PETROLOGY - Scientific study of rocks PETROLOGIES - They classified rocks based on how they were formed THREE TYPES OF ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS - They are formed by cooling and solidification of molten rocks (Magma or Lava ) 2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS INTRUSIVE (PLATONIC ) - Formed from magma that cools slowly beneath the earth surface , resulting in coarse-grained textures EXTRUSIVE(VOLCANIC ) - formed from lava that cools quickly the earth surfaces , leading to fine-grained textures. CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS BASED ON COMPOSITION FELSIC - Light in color MATIC - Dark in colors INTERMEDIATE -Between mafic and felsic ULTRAMATIC - Very dark color BASED ON TEXTURE APHANITIC -Fine grained PHANERITIC-Coarse grained PORPHYRITIC-Large crystals with small crystals GLASSY-Non-ordered solid from rapid quenching PYROCLASTIC-Composite of ejected fragments SEDIMENTARY ROCKS -Created from the accumulation and composition of mineral and organic particles over time. They often exhibit layered structures and can contain fossils THREE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY CLASTIC-Formed from fragment of other rocks CHEMICAL-Formed from mineral precipitation ORGANIC-Formed from the remains of living organisms METAMORPHIC ROCKS - It arises from the transformation of crushing rocks due to high heat , pressure , or chemically active fluids. This process , known as metamorphism, alters the rock mineral. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE FOLIATED-Exhibiting layered NON-FOLIATED-Lacking a layered structure