Mindmap Lecture 9 - Personality, Gender Roles, and Sexuality PDF

Gender roles are shaped by cultural stereotypes and social expectations....

Gender roles are shaped by cultural stereotypes and social expectations. Kohlberg's stages outline the development gender identity from early childhood. Gender Identity and Socialization of Self-socialization occurs as children learn to navigate and conform to gender conven- tions. dispositional traits are relatively enduring (like temperament, extraversion Awareness of sexual orientation typically introverion) or begins in early adolescence. characteristic adaptations are situation-specific and changeable ways The process of coming out and self- adapting, of ways in which people adopt to environment identification varies widely among individu- Sexual Orientation Aware… Gender Development als. narrative identities are unique past and future life stories we construct Definitions identity Gender and sexual identity are influenced by for societal norms and personal experiences. self-esteem is asking how good am… The gender spectrum includes identities such as cisgender, queer, bisexual, and transgen- self-concept are your perceptions of your attributes as a person, asking der. what and who am I Understanding the spectrum helps in recognizing the diversity of gender identi- The Gender Spectrum Personality is a set of 5 dispositional traits, ties. known as the Big Five. Societal acceptance and recognition of various identities are crucial for individual well-being. trait theory Basics of Personality Intra-individual development refers to personality how changes over time within an Intra-individual Develop… individual. Rank-order consistency refers to the stability of id = selfish, irrational part of personality that seeks… an individual's personality traits relative to Rank-order Consistency Personality Stability and Change others. ego = rational, problem solving part of personality The concept of person-environment fit superego = person's internalized moral standards/ con… emphasizes the alignment between individ- Person-Environment… traits ual and environmental demands. Theories on Personality Focusing on conflicts among the id, the ego and the superego. People undergo certain Stage 1: Trust vs, Mistrust = do infants become Psychoanalytic theory challenges associated with different stages. able to rely on others to be responsive for their Whether the conflict is succesfully resolved or needs and therefore develop a sense of trust not, the individual is pushed into the next the implicit self = infants quickly develop an implicit sense of self Personality, Gender stage. Stage 5: Identity vs Role Confusion = who am self-recognition = infants become aware of themselves around 18 months, and also The emerging self Roles, and Sexuality and I where am I going? a categorical self = they classify themselves into social categories form in Developmental Stage 8: Integrity vs Despair = Has my life been Infants have distincive personalities from the first weeks of… the Infant Psychology meaningful? Facing death without worries regrets and surgency/extraversion = tendency to actively, confi- approach new experiences in an positive way Personality is a behavior that is influenced by dently situational factors and changes if the social learning theory environment changes. There are no univer- negative affectivity = tendency to be sad, fearful, stages sal or enduring traits. irritable and difficult to soothe the three major dimensions of tempera… Temperament Effortful control and emotional regulation are effortful control = ability to focus and shift attention, inhibit responses and enjoying low-intensity activites increases in childhood, levels in early adolescence, increases critical for successful developmen strongly during later adolescence and early adulthood, increases the extent to which the child's temperament fits Self-esteem a atslower paxe between age 30 and 60, when it peaks and holds with the demands and expectations of the steady until age 70 and then starts declining Goodness of Fit social world it must adapt to Self-Concepts = learn to engage in social comparison; they use information about they how compare with others to characterize themselves Self-Concepts and Self-Esteem Self-Esteem = becomes more multidimensional with age and self-esteem is influences genetic by makeup, competence and supportive social feedback the Child Temperament is elaborated into predictable personality traits during childhood, which then predict later personality and adjustment developing Personality can change from less physical to more psychological (I have brown eyes - I am lonely) and from less concrete to Self-Concepts and Self-Esteem Personality Deevelopment more abstract (I love sports - I am a truthful person) identity vs role confusion (Erikson) = to achieve a sense of identity, adolescents must integrate their self-perceptions into a coherent sense of self; youths are given a moratorium period where they the Adolescent relatively are free of responsibilities and can experiment diffusion status = not having thought about who they (no are exploration, no commitment) Identity Confusion foreclosure status = having accepted identities suggested by parents (commitment without exploration) 4 different status of development moratorium status = actively explore identity, actively raising quesions about themselves and seeking an- swers identity achievement status = having resolved the iden- crisis tity and making commitments to particular goals the Gap between the ideal self and the real self closes to maintain self-esteem Self-Concepts and Self-Esteem generative vs stagnation the Adult activity theory = reamining active in later life by continuing or replacing previous activites how to succesful age integrity vs despair disengagement theory = mutual withdrawal the of individual and society