MIL Midterm Notes PDF

MEDIA TEXT Topic 5: Media and Information Languages Any form of media can be a media text that is examined and scrutinized. The...

MEDIA TEXT Topic 5: Media and Information Languages Any form of media can be a media text that is examined and scrutinized. The questions about the text focus on its nature, features, point of view, and stereotypes. What kind of media text is this? The Language of Media In what ways does this text tell a story? Does this follow any type of formula? MEDIA CONTENT Are your values represented? These are composed of four types: Whose point of view is shown? Textual Are there any stereotypes? Visual Audio-Visual AUDIENCE Interactive The audience refers to the intended readers, viewers, or listeners of a media text. Knowing the audience will help identify the focus or objective of a text. Media is made up of various codes which convey meanings. Who is the target audience? How do you know? SYMBOLS = MEANING What is it about this that appeals to its target audience? Does this appeal to you? Why or why not? CODES How might you change this media text to make it more enjoyable? systems of symbols, signs, or rules used to convey information or instructions. PRODUCTION MEDIA AND CODES The analysis of a text must be done by understanding how it was made. Media conveys information and meaning. To do so, media uses codes. Questions in this category investigate a text’s origins, motives, and ethical and legal bases. KINDS OF CODES IN MEDIA Technical - are the purposive use of tools or equipment to convey Who produced this media text? meanings. How was this text made? What has the producer done to grab the viewer’s attention? Symbolic - may include colors, gestures, or even clothing, convey familiar How is this media text sold to the public? Who profits? associated meanings. What rules or laws did the producer have to follow (e.g., copyright, running time, trademarks)? Written - use of language in a specific way to get specific meanings across How could I create a similar media text? How can I influence the production of this kind of media text? The three different codes can become so familiar through repeated use that they become conventions or norms. NORMS Critical viewing is not fault-finding. It is not for the benefit of exclusivity or a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, social superiority, but for understanding a text in its entirety, with its strengths expectations as much as its flaws. Ex. giving up a seat for an elderly person, gentlemanliness, dress code Codes and norms in media shape our perceptions and interactions, CONVENTIONS guiding the way stories are told and received, while reflecting and are formalized practices or customs that have been established over time within reinforcing the values of the societies that create and consume them. a society, established practices Ex. meal ettiquette, Noche Buena, Media Noche Media texts can follow certain conventions to the point where they can be classified into a genre. Topic 6: Media and its Stakeholders GENRE a category or type of artistic work characterized by its form, style, or content Media Stakeholders MEDIA CONSUMPTION Media Analysis refers to the way individuals engage with and utilize various forms of media Considering its flexibility, media maximizes what we can get out of it. THE SUPPLY CHAIN Supplier, Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Retailer, Customer THE TAP FRAMEWORK In economics, there are two actors involved: consumers producers / suppliers STAKEHOLDERS individuals or groups that have an interest in any decision or activity of an organization. IN MEDIA, stakeholders are individuals or groups that have have a vested interest in media content, production, and distribution. KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN MEDIA VIRTUAL ASPECT relates to one's interaction with digital environments PRODUCERS - create and share media content // Idea Development Within the digital realm, individuals have at their disposal a myriad of tools and // Planning techniques to shape and mold their virtual identities // Production // Editing and Finalizing COMPONENTS OF THE VIRTUAL SELF // Distribution Social Media Profiles - Users of platforms meticulously curate their online personas by selectively sharing aspects of their lives. CONSUMERS - recipients of media content // Engage with media Emoticons and Emojis - Users can employ these to add emotional depth to // Interpret messages their interactions, even if their emotional state differs from what's // Provide Feedback expressed. // Influence production and distribution Avatars and Online Identities - users often create avatars or adopt REGULATORS - oversee media content to ensure it follows legal and pseudonyms that allow for experimentation of identity and provide a space ethical standards. for creative expression. // Set guidelines // Monitor content THE VIRTUAL SELF THROUGH LANSLEY'S FRAMEWORK // Enforce laws Media users craft their virtual selves through the following: // Protect public // interests CONTENT - The content shared online reflects a selective and curated view of one's life. ADVERTISERS - promote products, services, or ideas through media. // Create ads MIMICRY - the replication of trends and behaviors seen on social media, // Choose platforms often reflecting a desire to fit in or project a particular image. // Target audience // Monitor performance and adjusting strategies PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES - digital spaces can trigger emotions and reactions that are expressed through online communication CRITICS AND ANALYSTS - review media content and trends. Their feedback can impact public views and media practices. INTERACTION STYLE - Online interaction styles may differ significantly // Review media content from offline behavior. // Interpret trends // Provide feedback BODY LANGUAGE AND PARAVERBAL COMMUNICATION - the virtual // Influence public perception self relies on text-based communication, emoticons, and emojis to convey emotions and nuances, rather than traditional body language. Producers and consumers have a symbiotic relationship. Their interactions SETTING - Online settings can be carefully curated to present a specific drive the evolution of media content. image, allowing users to choose what aspects of their environment to reveal. PERSONALITY TRAITS - The virtual self can emphasize or downplay certain Media contentis a collaborative creation, shaped by the hands personality traits to create an online persona that aligns with the of producers,the voices of consumers,the rules ofregulators, individual's desired image. the influence of advertisers,the critiques of analysts, and the investment of visionaries What’s common is that the virtual space depicts...IDEALISM This may result into... Identity Misalignment Authenticity Issues Topic 7: Media and its Challenges Self-Esteem and Mental Health Social Interactions Trust and Credibility Challenges in Media SELF Topic 8: Media Netiquette the distinct individuality or identity of a person or thing In life, there are 5 aspects. All these aspects constitute our “selves”. Media Etiquette 1. Physical 2. Emotional In society, people interact with one another. But, in every interaction, there are 3. Mental limitations. 4. Social 5. Spiritual LIMITATIONS = RULES Our selves are shaped by each of our interactions with others. ETIQUETTE = MANNERS In the advent of technology, and the internet age, these 5 aspects have Communication is... the basis for forming relationships. Online merged together creating a different aspect we now call as... VIRTUAL communication is no different. ASPECT. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ETIQUETTE Topic 9: The Media Literate Person The need for etiquette has grown since humans became social beings. Media Literate Person Etiquette is like a boomerang. In society, there are norms, rules, regulations, conventions, and laws that limit Etiquette is the rule of respect and courtesy that should be shown sensitivity us to be truly free. We all have rights, but these rights are never absolute. in interpersonal relationships. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY The Netiquette Chaos occurs if there are no laws. Argues that individuals give up some of their freedoms in exchange for the benefits of living in a society governed by rules. What are the benefits that the internet offers? People, at some point, voluntarily agreed to surrender some of their individual freedoms to create a more orderly and secure society forming contracts. All this information access to escape the “natural state” of the world. education entertainment STATE OF NATURE a theoretical condition of humanity before the establishment of any organized but again, even the internet has limitations. society or government It can also cause unwanted situations with the unconscious use of users. characteristics: Absence of government: These unconscious acts demand a greater need for...NETIQUETTE Individual freedom Lack of security THE NETIQUETTE "Netiquette" refers to Internet etiquette. It is the use of good manners in THOMAS HOBBES online communication. It is an adaptation of real-life etiquette rules to online argued that people were naturally selfish and violent, and that only a strong, technology in the internet environment. centralized authority could maintain peace. Why do we need it? For us to avoid heated arguments online. JOHN LOCKE believed people were basically good and had natural rights, like life, liberty, and property. A government's role, therefore, is to protect these rights, not take them. How do online arguments start? JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU Trolls - People who are purposely rude and offensive online, aiming to emphasized individual freedom; in that people were essentially free. But as upset other internet users. society became too complicated, problems arose, following then, a “general will. ” Ignorance - which causes misunderstandings, spreading misinformation, and fostering closed-mindedness Social contract theory dictates that each one of us has social responsibility. This responsibility is to contribute to the well-being of the The primary reason of all arguments are MISINTERPRETATIONS that leads to community and to uphold the laws and rules that govern our society. MISUNDERSTANDINGS. We can’t see the other person’s facial expressions and body language over the ALL OF US HAS FUNCTIONS IN LIFE. internet, so it’s easy to misinterpret things. FUNCTION = PURPOSE People employed various ways to convey emotions: memes FUNCTION = DUTY, OBLIGATION, ROLE emojis gifs THE FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE Structural Functionalism - a sociological theory that views society as a RULES OF NETIQUETTE complex system of interconnected parts... each with a specific function to Do not say things online you would not say in person. contribute to the overall stability and well-being of the system. Avoid posting hate speech. Respect people’s privacy. Don’t share with other people photos or Emile Durkheim - is widely credited as the founder of functionalism in messages sent to you privately. sociology. Don’t repost something without checking the facts first. Do not bully people, and do not perpetuate cyberbullying. SOCIAL FACTS - are the ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist The tone you use must match the setting. outside of individuals but exert a significant influence over them. Examples of social facts: Laws: Legal Codes Norms: Unwritten rules that guide behavior. REMEMBER THE HUMAN. Values: Shared beliefs about what is important. Customs: Traditional practices or behaviors. Etiquette is the silent language of respect that transforms ordinary Institutions: Organizations or systems that shape interactions into meaningful connections. society Durkeim argued that society should be studied as a whole, with each part contributing to the overall functioning of the system. KEY CONCEPTS AND ASSUMPTIONS OF FUNCTIONALISM In a world filled with noise and distractions, choose to use media to feed your soul, not your ego. Prioritize meaningful SOCIAL SYSTEM - Society is seen as a system with interrelated parts. connections over superficial interactions. FUNCTION - each part has their own functions // Manifest (intended) // Latent (unintended) WHAT HOLDS SOCIETY TOGETHER? Harmony and Consensus among members of society about shared values and goals. WHAT HAPPENS IF A PART OF A SYSTEM FAILS? Dysfunction happens when a parts of a system fails to perform its function properly. To prevent dysfunction, each of us must perform our social responsibilities. INSTITUTIONS IN SOCIETY 1. Family - The primary social unit, responsible for socialization, reproduction, and emotional support. 2. Education - Institutions that transmit knowledge, skills, and cultural values. 3. Economy - The system that produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services. 4. Government - The political system that makes and enforces laws and regulations. 5. Religion - Institutions that provide spiritual guidance, rituals, and a sense of belonging. 6. Media - Institutions that produce and distribute information and entertainment. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN MEDIA It refers to the ethical obligation of media outlets and creators to act in a way that benefits society. ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS a moral requirement to follow a certain course of action, that is, to do, or refrain from doing, certain things ETHICS is based on well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do As media consumers, we are ought to: Promoting public good Avoiding harm Upholding ethical standards Considering the impact of their content GENDER AND MEDIA Media shapes individual perspectives. Media, therefore, affects how we view the concept of gender as well. GENDERED MEDIA refers to the ways in which media representations and portrayals reinforce or challenge traditional gender roles and stereotypes. This can be seen in various forms of media, including advertising, films, television, music, and literature. Hypersexualization in media highlights sexual characteristics and roles, leading to harmful stereotypes, negative self-image, and normalization of objectification. Scholars believe gendered media can challenge traditional norms and promote gender equality by showcasing diverse gender experiences and identities, thus fostering a more inclusive society. In an effort to provoke discussion about modern-day sexism, Eli Rezkallah, a Lebanon-based artist and photographer, flipped the gender roles in a series of images that recreate sexist ads from the 1950s and 1960s