Midterms Reviewer in Coworld PDF

Memrizz Midterms Reviewer in Coworld Multiple Choice Questions What is a defining characteristic of the periphery in Wallerstein's model? a) High technological advancement b) Political independence from the core c) Equal wealth distribution across regions d) Economic d...

Memrizz Midterms Reviewer in Coworld Multiple Choice Questions What is a defining characteristic of the periphery in Wallerstein's model? a) High technological advancement b) Political independence from the core c) Equal wealth distribution across regions d) Economic dependence on core countries Correct answer: Economic dependence on core countries What term describes the reinforcement of economic dependency in Wallerstein's theory? a) Neocolonialism b) Decolonization c) Globalization d) Interdependence Correct answer: Neocolonialism What perspective do critics challenge regarding Wallerstein's model? a) The importance of innovation b) The concept of neocolonialism c) The zero-sum game notion d) The role of peripheral nations Correct answer: The zero-sum game notion What does the zero-sum game perspective imply? a) All nations can prosper together b) Economic growth is universally beneficial c) One country's wealth equals another's poverty d) Wealth can be created without loss Correct answer: One country's wealth equals another's poverty How can innovation and technological growth affect nations according to critics? a) They mainly benefit core countries b) They limit growth in the periphery c) They can enhance the well-being of all nations d) They create greater disparities Correct answer: They can enhance the well-being of all nations What is a common critique of Wallerstein's core-periphery model? a) It endorses complete dependency theories b) It promotes excessive technological isolation c) It assumes all countries will always compete d) It overlooks positive spillover effects of development Correct answer: It overlooks positive spillover effects of development What actions improved the situation in Wuhan by March? a) Increased international travel restrictions. b) Unprecedented containment measures were enforced. c) Wide availability of vaccines. d) Public protests against measures. Correct answer: Unprecedented containment measures were enforced. What was the reported death count in Italy on March 12-13? a) 500 deaths in a single day. b) 100 deaths over two days. c) 250 deaths in a 24-hour period. d) No deaths were reported. Correct answer: 250 deaths in a 24-hour period. What did the WHO declare on March 13, 2020? a) Europe as the epicenter of the pandemic. b) Asia as the safest region. c) The pandemic under control. d) The need for more vaccines. Correct answer: Europe as the epicenter of the pandemic. What significant action did the United States take on March 13? a) Declared a state of emergency. b) Closed all schools indefinitely. c) Sent aid to Europe. d) Implemented no travel bans. Correct answer: Declared a state of emergency. What public health measure was widely advised in March? a) Wearing double masks at all times. b) Taking daily temperature checks. c) Proper handwashing techniques. d) Avoiding public spaces entirely. Correct answer: Proper handwashing techniques. When did human trials for the Moderna mRNA vaccine begin? a) February 1, 2020. b) April 20, 2020. c) March 17, 2020. d) January 15, 2020. Correct answer: March 17, 2020. What rule did the UK enforce on March 26, 2020? a) Mandatory mask-wearing in all public spaces. b) A stay-at-home rule. c) Closure of all non-essential businesses. d) Curfew that prevented evening outings. Correct answer: A stay-at-home rule. What was the global COVID-19 case count by April 2, 2020? a) 500,000 total cases. b) 1 million total cases. c) 2 million total cases. d) 750,000 total cases. Correct answer: 1 million total cases. What was a primary aim of the vaccine development effort? a) To eliminate all respiratory diseases. b) To improve public health infrastructure. c) To effectively overcome the pandemic. d) To prepare for future pandemics exclusively. Correct answer: To effectively overcome the pandemic. What implication did the strict measures have on virus spread? a) They were expected to slow the virus's spread. b) They completely eradicated the virus. c) They increased the number of cases. d) They had no impact at all. Correct answer: They were expected to slow the virus's spread. What aspect characterized Europe's situation compared to Wuhan? a) A quicker recovery rate. b) Better healthcare availability. c) Higher compliance with health measures. d) Rapid increase in COVID-19 cases. Correct answer: Rapid increase in COVID-19 cases. Who developed the theory of global cultural flow? a) Marshall McLuhan b) Arjun Appadurai c) Edward Said d) Noam Chomsky Correct answer: Arjun Appadurai What do ethnoscapes primarily refer to? a) Economic exchanges between countries b) Technological advancements in communication c) Cultural artifacts exchange globally d) Shifting landscape of people across cultures Correct answer: Shifting landscape of people across cultures Which of the following is NOT a key entity in ethnoscapes? a) Tourists b) Local business owners c) Migrants d) Refugees Correct answer: Local business owners Which country exemplifies ethnoscapes due to its diversity? a) Japan b) Germany c) Canada d) Australia Correct answer: Australia What do technoscapes facilitate in cultural flow? a) Movement of people across borders b) Global financial transactions c) Exchange of traditional crafts d) Transmission of cultures through technology Correct answer: Transmission of cultures through technology How has technology especially impacted cultural interactions? a) Through the Internet facilitating exchanges b) By limiting access to cultural expressions c) By standardizing cultural practices globally d) By focusing on local traditions only Correct answer: Through the Internet facilitating exchanges What is an example of cultural exchange in technoscapes? a) A Brazilian performing Samba online b) A French chef making Croissants c) A Canadian discussing local politics d) An American filmmaker in Hollywood Correct answer: A Brazilian performing Samba online Financescapes primarily involve the movement of what? a) Money, trade, and commodities b) Cultural practices and traditions c) Immigrant experiences d) Technological inventions Correct answer: Money, trade, and commodities What effect does financescapes have on global markets? a) Decreased trade between nations b) Isolation of global economies c) Uniform pricing across all products d) Increased competition among corporations Correct answer: Increased competition among corporations What is the main component of globalization as illustrated by Appadurai? a) Political alliances b) Cultural flows across borders c) Physical migrations only d) Environmental changes Correct answer: Cultural flows across borders What facilitates the globalization of culture in today’s world? a) Increased travel and tourism opportunities globally. b) Non-material digital forms allowing easier cultural movement. c) Traditional print media spreading cultural messages. d) Strict government policies promoting local cultures. Correct answer: Non-material digital forms allowing easier cultural movement. What are the three primary perspectives on global cultural flows? a) Differentialism, hybridization, and convergence. b) Assimilation, segregation, and globalization. c) Pluralism, unification, and collaboration. d) Monoculturalism, acculturation, and diversification. Correct answer: Differentialism, hybridization, and convergence. What does cultural differentialism emphasize? a) The inherent differences between cultures. b) The blending of cultures into a singular identity. c) The dominance of one culture over others. d) The complete uniformity of cultural practices. Correct answer: The inherent differences between cultures. What potential outcome does cultural differentialism foresee? a) Increased cultural understanding and cooperation. b) Universal acceptance of cultural differences. c) Significant conflict or collision between cultures. d) Efforts to eliminate cultural conflicts entirely. Correct answer: Significant conflict or collision between cultures. How is cultural hybridization defined? a) Complete dominance of global culture over local ones. b) Preservation of traditional cultural practices only. c) Integration of local and global cultures in a creative process. d) Simultaneous existence of unrelated local cultures. Correct answer: Integration of local and global cultures in a creative process. What does the outcome of cultural hybridization produce? a) A uniform culture that erases local customs. b) Hybrid entities that mix global and local identities. c) Cultures that isolate themselves from global influences. d) Distinct local cultures that resist change. Correct answer: Hybrid entities that mix global and local identities. What does cultural convergence highlight? a) The diversity of cultural practices worldwide. b) The strengthening of local traditions. c) Individual culture maintaining its uniqueness. d) Homogeneity introduced by globalization. Correct answer: Homogeneity introduced by globalization. What is cultural imperialism? a) Celebration of cultural differences in a community. b) Imposition of one culture on another, erasing local elements. c) Equal sharing of cultural practices among societies. d) A mutual exchange of cultural ideas. Correct answer: Imposition of one culture on another, erasing local elements. What does deterritorialization of culture suggest? a) Strong associations of culture with geographic locations. b) Cultures becoming completely isolated from each other. c) Difficulty linking culture to specific geographic origins. d) Culture being defined only by local traditions. Correct answer: Difficulty linking culture to specific geographic origins. What is glocalization? a) Complete separation of global and local cultural practices. b) Local cultures being replaced by global ones entirely. c) Interpenetration of global and local cultures. d) Migration of cultural practices without adaptation. Correct answer: Interpenetration of global and local cultures. What are Arjun Appadurai's scapes? a) Static cultural practices limited to one region. b) Only economic aspects of globalization. c) The clustering of similar cultures in smaller areas. d) Global flows involving people, technology, and media. Correct answer: Global flows involving people, technology, and media. What concept highlights the disjuncture between global cultural elements? a) Disjuncture as described by Appadurai's scapes. b) Cultural uniformity across nations. c) Seamless integration of global practices. d) The complete isolation of national cultures. Correct answer: Disjuncture as described by Appadurai's scapes. What is a major product the South exports? a) Non-traditional products b) Staple foods c) Industrial machinery d) Textiles Correct answer: Non-traditional products What increasing reliance affects the South's agriculture? a) Dependence on industrialized food exports from the North b) Self-sufficiency in food production c) Exporting staple crops d) Dependence on local markets Correct answer: Dependence on industrialized food exports from the North What consequence does dependence on the North have in the South? a) Increase in agricultural biodiversity b) Replacement of the staple diet c) Lower market prices for food d) Encouragement of local farming Correct answer: Replacement of the staple diet Who introduced the concept of Global Cities? a) Sassen (1991) b) Bauman (2003) c) Beaverstock (2002) d) Castells (2000) Correct answer: Sassen (1991) Which cities are identified as key economic centers? a) Paris, Berlin, and Sydney b) Chicago, Los Angeles, and Toronto c) Madrid, Rome, and Singapore d) New York, London, and Tokyo Correct answer: New York, London, and Tokyo What do global cities control significantly? a) The world's political economy b) National policies of their countries c) Global labor markets d) Local housing markets Correct answer: The world's political economy According to Castells, global cities serve as important what? a) Centers for local agriculture b) Hubs for manufacturing c) Islands of economic isolation d) Nodes in various global networks Correct answer: Nodes in various global networks What type of inequalities exist in global cities? a) Equal resource distribution b) More even income levels c) Only economic disparities d) Inequalities between cities and within each city Correct answer: Inequalities between cities and within each city What is one of the challenges cities face from globalization? a) Complete isolation from the global market b) Elimination of all local issues c) Full economic independence d) Severe challenges from global problems Correct answer: Severe challenges from global problems What unique political problem do cities struggle with? a) Decreasing regional collaboration b) Lack of political engagement c) Easier implementation of local laws d) Addressing global issues at a local level Correct answer: Addressing global issues at a local level What do theories of global stratification help understand? a) The impact of climate on development b) Why certain regions develop faster than others c) Trends in population migration d) The effectiveness of local governance Correct answer: Why certain regions develop faster than others Which theory is NOT mentioned in global stratification? a) Global Trade Theory b) Modernization Theory c) Dependency Theory d) Modern World-System Theory Correct answer: Global Trade Theory What does economic globalization refer to? a) Increasing interconnectedness of economies worldwide. b) A decrease in global trade activities. c) Isolation of national economies. d) A focus on local investments only. Correct answer: Increasing interconnectedness of economies worldwide. Why do large companies outsource production? a) To improve working conditions internationally. b) To seek the cheapest sources for labor and materials. c) To invest in local economies significantly. d) To increase regulatory compliance. Correct answer: To seek the cheapest sources for labor and materials. What type of products are often made in low-cost labor regions? a) High-tech electronics and machinery. b) Labor-intensive products like shoes. c) Luxury goods and designer apparel. d) Agricultural products and organic foods. Correct answer: Labor-intensive products like shoes. What does the economic multiplier effect indicate? a) One economic activity can stimulate further activities. b) Growth in one sector hinders others. c) Investment always leads to inflation. d) Jobs are only created through government intervention. Correct answer: One economic activity can stimulate further activities. What benefit has economic globalization provided? a) Eliminated poverty entirely worldwide. b) Increased inequality without any benefits. c) Lifted millions out of extreme poverty. d) Completely balanced income distribution. Correct answer: Lifted millions out of extreme poverty. How do critics view outsourcing jobs? a) As a means of global workforce expansion. b) A necessary step for technological advancement. c) An essential aspect of economic integration. d) As exploitation and economic colonialism. Correct answer: As exploitation and economic colonialism. What is wealth inequality? a) The same as income inequality. b) Only related to natural resources. c) How taxes are collected in a nation. d) Distribution of assets within a country. Correct answer: Distribution of assets within a country. What does income inequality focus on? a) Distribution of physical assets only. b) Disparity in income distribution among individuals. c) The wealth held by the poorest. d) Employment rates in different sectors. Correct answer: Disparity in income distribution among individuals. What is a common measure of global economic inequality? a) Gross Domestic Product (GDP). b) Net Personal Income (NPI). c) Consumer Price Index (CPI). d) Employment Rate Index (ERI). Correct answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP). What factor contributes to global economic inequality? a) The rapid growth of industry and technology. b) The decrease in international trade. c) The uniformity of education standards. d) The abolishment of currency exchange. Correct answer: The rapid growth of industry and technology. What exacerbates income inequality? a) Disparities in access to technology. b) Equal access to education. c) Standardization in job roles. d) Reduction in international investments. Correct answer: Disparities in access to technology. What is skill-based technological change? a) Shift towards jobs demanding new skills. b) Decrease in job requirements for workers. c) Focus on manual labor jobs. d) Equal opportunities regardless of skill levels. Correct answer: Shift towards jobs demanding new skills. How has globalization affected the spread of religions? a) Limited religions to their countries of origin. b) Created a single universal religion globally. c) It facilitated the spread and proliferation worldwide. d) Increased competition among local religions only. Correct answer: It facilitated the spread and proliferation worldwide. What role does religion play for practitioners in a global context? a) It is primarily a cultural artifact. b) It acts as a political tool for governments. c) It has no significant impact on global identity. d) It serves as a source of identity and pride. Correct answer: It serves as a source of identity and pride. What has globalization changed regarding institutional specialization in religion? a) Reinforced isolation of local religions. b) Eliminated competition among different faiths. c) Transformed religions into a competitive world system. d) Unified all religions under one organization. Correct answer: Transformed religions into a competitive world system. How has globalization influenced the self-consciousness of religions? a) It has heightened their awareness as world religions. b) It reduced their focus on local traditions. c) It weakened their unique identities. d) It made them unaware of global dynamics. Correct answer: It has heightened their awareness as world religions. What defensive reactions do religions exhibit in response to globalization? a) They ignore global influences altogether. b) They assert their identities against global pressures. c) They merge completely with global cultures. d) They abandon their traditional beliefs. Correct answer: They assert their identities against global pressures. How do assertions of religious identity relate to nationalism? a) They are entirely independent of nationalism. b) They diminish national identities. c) They create conflict with secular movements. d) They often coincide with nationalist movements. Correct answer: They often coincide with nationalist movements. What is a significant argument against economic globalization? a) Its unsustainable nature regarding earth's resource use. b) It promotes equal distribution of wealth globally. c) It decreases global competition among markets. d) It encourages local production over international trade. Correct answer: Its unsustainable nature regarding earth's resource use. How is sustainable development defined? a) Economic growth at the expense of future resources. b) Development today while preserving resources for future generations. c) Maximizing profits without environmental considerations. d) Using resources today for unlimited economic expansion. Correct answer: Development today while preserving resources for future generations. What major challenge became evident during the Industrial Revolution? a) Technological advancement without ecological impact. b) Reduced efficiency leading to resource conservation. c) Environmental degradation due to increased efficiency. d) Improvement in food security and resource management. Correct answer: Environmental degradation due to increased efficiency. What critical challenge intersects with sustainability efforts? a) Global economic stability. b) Technological innovation trends. c) Cultural integration of societies. d) Food security. Correct answer: Food security. What effect does increased demand have on production? a) It leads to higher efficiency in production. b) It reduces the need for technological advancements. c) It maintains consistent resource consumption levels. d) It stabilizes market prices globally. Correct answer: It leads to higher efficiency in production. What are the detrimental effects of increased efficiency in production? a) Decreased reliance on renewable resources. b) Improved air quality in industrial areas. c) Reduction in global shipping costs. d) Increased carbon emissions and marine biodiversity destruction. Correct answer: Increased carbon emissions and marine biodiversity destruction. What argument do environmentalists make regarding free trade? a) Focus solely on profit maximization through trade. b) Ensure free trade benefits only developing countries. c) Encourage deregulation to boost global markets. d) Prioritize environmental issues over economic concerns. Correct answer: Prioritize environmental issues over economic concerns. What do neoliberals generally advocate for? a) Free trade as a means to promote economic growth. b) Strict regulation of industries to protect the environment. c) Limiting international trade to protect local markets. d) Environmental conservation as the top priority. Correct answer: Free trade as a means to promote economic growth. What defines the contemporary circumstances we experience today? a) Repetitive historical patterns observed in past ages. b) Only technological advancements in communication. c) Political stability across all nations globally. d) Unique ideas and circumstances shaping our modern age. Correct answer: Unique ideas and circumstances shaping our modern age. Why is historical perspective important in understanding globalization? a) It emphasizes only the current economic issues. b) It provides a clear path to economic growth. c) It suggests history will repeat without variation. d) It considers past and future for cultural context. Correct answer: It considers past and future for cultural context. What is cultural relativism? a) Imposing one's culture over others for betterment. b) Understanding cultures uniquely without bias or prejudice. c) Ignoring cultural differences in global discussions. d) Promoting a singular global culture applicable to all. Correct answer: Understanding cultures uniquely without bias or prejudice. Why is cultural relativism important in globalization? a) It fosters an inclusive understanding of diverse practices. b) It simplifies cultural practices into one standard. c) It discourages engagement with unfamiliar cultures. d) It limits interaction to similar cultural groups. Correct answer: It fosters an inclusive understanding of diverse practices. What is a key issue related to global governance in globalization? a) The rise of non-governmental organizations exclusively. b) The elimination of all governmental structures. c) The uniformity of laws across all nations. d) The stability of governments across various states. Correct answer: The stability of governments across various states. What is equitable development in the context of globalization? a) Development focused solely on the wealthiest nations. b) Creating wealth disparity across different regions. c) Fair development among nations with resource sustainability. d) Eliminating all forms of international trade. Correct answer: Fair development among nations with resource sustainability. What does the future survival of humanity emphasize? a) Maximizing resource exploitation for immediate gains. b) Focusing only on technological advancements. c) The need for sustainable practices moving forward. d) Avoiding discussions on environmental impacts. Correct answer: The need for sustainable practices moving forward. How is globalization generally defined? a) As a decline in international communications. b) As isolation of cultures to preserve identities. c) As increasing interconnectedness through economic, political, and cultural activities. d) As a movement towards nationalism in all nations. Correct answer: As increasing interconnectedness through economic, political, and cultural activities. What role do global communication systems play in globalization? a) They restrict communication to local areas only. b) They connect regions and people instantaneously for information exchange. c) They promote solely commercial exchanges. d) They isolate cultures from one another. Correct answer: They connect regions and people instantaneously for information exchange. What is a notable advantage of advanced transportation systems? a) They enable rapid movement of goods globally. b) They slow down the trade between countries. c) They create barriers for international logistics. d) They only operate effectively within national borders. Correct answer: They enable rapid movement of goods globally. What impact do transnational business strategies have on globalization? a) They limit businesses to local markets only. b) They create corporations influencing nations' economies and cultures. c) They promote small business growth without influence. d) They prioritize local traditions without global reach. Correct answer: They create corporations influencing nations' economies and cultures. What do the terms First, Second, and Third World denote? a) Classifications originating during the Cold War. b) Economic categories of modern nations. c) Geographies of agricultural production. d) Cultural designations in global politics. Correct answer: Classifications originating during the Cold War. Which countries are classified as the First World? a) Western capitalist countries. b) Soviet Union and its allies. c) Impoverished nations worldwide. d) Developing regions in Asia. Correct answer: Western capitalist countries. What classification ceased to exist after the Cold War? a) First World. b) Second World. c) Third World. d) Northern countries. Correct answer: Second World. How is the Third World commonly associated today? a) Rich industrialized nations. b) Technologically advanced countries. c) Global agribusiness centers. d) With impoverished states. Correct answer: With impoverished states. Why are the terms First World and Third World considered outdated? a) They lack historical significance. b) They only apply to rural areas. c) They are not used in modern discourse. d) They inaccurately represent economic stability differences. Correct answer: They inaccurately represent economic stability differences. What classification aligns the Second World with? a) Either the First or Third World. b) Only the Global North. c) Only the Global South. d) Racial inequality concepts. Correct answer: Either the First or Third World. Which regions are included in the Global North? a) United States and Canada. b) Africa and South America. c) Eastern Europe and Asia. d) The Caribbean and Latin America. Correct answer: United States and Canada. What does the Global South encompass? a) Parts of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. b) Developed regions of the USA. c) Western Europe and Australia. d) Industrialized nations globally. Correct answer: Parts of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. How do the North-South distinctions highlight inequalities? a) Through racial inequalities between populations. b) By representing economic powers. c) Through geographical separations. d) By showcasing cultural differences. Correct answer: Through racial inequalities between populations. What has globalization influenced in relation to rural-urban dynamics? a) The economic status of agribusiness. b) The political affiliations of farmers. c) The cultural practices of urban dwellers. d) The relationship between these areas. Correct answer: The relationship between these areas. What significant change has globalization brought to agriculture? a) Increased local farming practices. b) The rise of global agribusiness. c) Decreased production in the North. d) Redistribution of arable land. Correct answer: The rise of global agribusiness. How do neoliberals view environmentalist efforts? a) As beneficial for economic growth. b) As significant barriers to trade. c) As essential for public health. d) As irrelevant to globalization. Correct answer: As significant barriers to trade. What is the main aim of the Kyoto Protocol? a) To promote global trade agreements. b) To increase fossil fuel production. c) To eliminate deforestation completely. d) To reduce global carbon emissions. Correct answer: To reduce global carbon emissions. Which of the following is a carbon emission initiative? a) Food Security Fund. b) Water Conservation Policy. c) Carbon Tax. d) Industrial Farming Regulations. Correct answer: Carbon Tax. What does global food security ensure? a) Affordable food prices only. b) Quality food production methods. c) Sufficient food supply for the entire world population. d) Exporting food to wealthier nations. Correct answer: Sufficient food supply for the entire world population. What is a major environmental issue affecting food security? a) Deforestation. b) Urbanization of rural areas. c) Aging farming equipment. d) Increased livestock production. Correct answer: Deforestation. What does declining usable farmland refer to? a) Loss of arable land due to various factors. b) Increasing farmland area worldwide. c) Diversifying crops for better yield. d) Raising livestock in urban settings. Correct answer: Loss of arable land due to various factors. How does global warming threaten food supply? a) By improving growing conditions. b) By endangering food production and human health. c) By reducing pest populations. d) By making farming practices more efficient. Correct answer: By endangering food production and human health. What is one of the main goals of the UN SDGs? a) Eliminate all agricultural subsidies. b) Restrict urban development globally. c) Promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. d) Increase chemical fertilizer use. Correct answer: Promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. What does the World Economic Forum's New Vision for Agriculture focus on? a) Improving government regulations only. b) Private sector investment in technology. c) Reducing the workforce in agriculture. d) Public-private partnerships to enhance agricultural practices. Correct answer: Public-private partnerships to enhance agricultural practices. Which challenge relates to fresh water availability? a) Increasing rainfall in tropical regions. b) Scarcity of clean water for agriculture. c) Excess water from melting glaciers. d) Overuse of groundwater for livestock. Correct answer: Scarcity of clean water for agriculture. What are post-colonial ties in relation to dependency theory? a) Significant connections remain after decolonization. b) Complete separation from developed countries. c) Only cultural exchanges between nations. d) Total economic independence for peripheral nations. Correct answer: Significant connections remain after decolonization. How do core nations exploit peripheral nations? a) By providing generous financial aid. b) By investing equally in both economies. c) By exploiting natural resources and workforce. d) By encouraging local manufacturing in periphery. Correct answer: By exploiting natural resources and workforce. Why do dependency theorists assert that peripheral nations are stagnant? a) Because of natural disasters affecting development. b) Due to exploitative practices of core nations. c) Because they lack natural resources. d) Due to the absence of international trade. Correct answer: Due to exploitative practices of core nations. According to Cardoso & Felato, Latin American economies are influenced by what? a) Traditional agricultural practices. b) Socialist movements within the region. c) Capitalist expansion from the US and Europe. d) Decentralized local economies. Correct answer: Capitalist expansion from the US and Europe. What does the term 'dependence' imply in dependency theory? a) Conditions necessary for poorer countries to function in the global economy. b) Complete autonomy of developing nations. c) Uniform economic standards across countries. d) Irreversible decline of advanced economies. Correct answer: Conditions necessary for poorer countries to function in the global economy. Who developed the Modern World System? a) Karl Marx. b) Immanuel Wallerstein. c) David Cardoso. d) Mahatma Gandhi. Correct answer: Immanuel Wallerstein. What characterizes core nations in Wallerstein's model? a) They have low levels of technology. b) They are high-income nations with manufacturing bases. c) They are primarily resource providers. d) They focus solely on agricultural production. Correct answer: They are high-income nations with manufacturing bases. What role do peripheral nations play in the modern world economy? a) They provide natural resources and labor. b) They manufacture advanced technology. c) They lead global financial markets. d) They establish global trade networks. Correct answer: They provide natural resources and labor. What was the purpose of the initial pandemic response? a) To eliminate the virus completely within months. b) To delay the spread until a safe vaccine was developed. c) To minimize hospital visits during the pandemic. d) To shift focus from health to economic stability. Correct answer: To delay the spread until a safe vaccine was developed. When did WHO issue guidance on mask-wearing? a) March 15, 2020 b) May 1, 2020 c) June 20, 2020 d) April 6, 2020 Correct answer: April 6, 2020 What trend was observed in summer 2020 regarding COVID-19? a) Many countries saw a decline in cases and deaths. b) A significant increase in hospitalizations occurred. c) No changes in COVID-19 cases were recorded. d) Countries faced an outbreak of new variants. Correct answer: Many countries saw a decline in cases and deaths. Where was the Lambda variant first discovered? a) In Brazil in July 2020. b) In Peru in August 2020. c) In China in September 2020. d) In India in June 2020. Correct answer: In Peru in August 2020. How many countries had the Lambda variant spread to by August 2020? a) At least 50 countries. b) At least 15 countries. c) At least 10 countries. d) At least 29 countries. Correct answer: At least 29 countries. When was the Alpha variant first identified? a) In the US in October 2020. b) In South Africa in August 2020. c) In Italy in July 2020. d) In the UK in September 2020. Correct answer: In the UK in September 2020. What impact did the Alpha variant have on COVID-19 outcomes? a) No impact was noted on outcomes. b) Lower transmission rates were observed. c) Reduced severity of symptoms was reported. d) Higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Correct answer: Higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. What occurred following the emergence of new variants? a) A cure for COVID-19 was discovered. b) COVID-19 cases began to rise again. c) COVID-19 was declared under control worldwide. d) Public health measures were relaxed immediately. Correct answer: COVID-19 cases began to rise again. What was the global death toll from COVID-19 by September 29, 2020? a) 500,000. b) 2 million. c) 750,000. d) 1 million. Correct answer: 1 million. What is flexible capital accumulation? a) New methods of capital accumulation via 24-hour trading. b) Accumulation of fixed assets only. c) A form of state-controlled economy. d) Capitals owned by single entities. Correct answer: New methods of capital accumulation via 24-hour trading. How do global trade agreements affect economies? a) They promote free trade and global economic interactions. b) They restrict international economic relationships. c) They impose tariffs on imports. d) They favor state-controlled economies. Correct answer: They promote free trade and global economic interactions. What are market economies characterized by? a) Heavy reliance on government regulations. b) Dominance of non-profit organizations. c) Limited availability of consumer goods. d) A shift from state-controlled to private enterprise. Correct answer: A shift from state-controlled to private enterprise. What role do consumer goods play in globalization? a) Only satisfy basic human needs. b) They meet both real and imagined consumer demands. c) Are mostly locally produced items. d) Exist solely in wealthy countries. Correct answer: They meet both real and imagined consumer demands. What drives migration patterns in the context of globalization? a) Economic disparities between rich and poor regions. b) Exclusively political reasons. c) Cultural similarities between countries. d) Natural disasters in home countries. Correct answer: Economic disparities between rich and poor regions. What does the international workforce contribute to? a) Isolationist policies in local economies. b) The human dimension of economic globalization. c) Only local job markets. d) Reduction of cultural exchanges. Correct answer: The human dimension of economic globalization. What does the 'solid' metaphor of globalization represent? a) Free movement and flexibility across borders. b) Barriers that hinder the movement of goods, people, and information. c) Increasing interconnectedness of nations. d) Rising wealth in global markets. Correct answer: Barriers that hinder the movement of goods, people, and information. What is indicated by the 'liquid' metaphor of globalization? a) Ease of movement and rapid changes in spatial aspects. b) Permanent stability in global trade. c) Barriers creating isolation. d) Slower communication between countries. Correct answer: Ease of movement and rapid changes in spatial aspects. What do the 'flows' in globalization encompass? a) The movement of people, goods, places, and information. b) Only financial transactions between nations. c) Static exchanges in local markets. d) Limited transportation of commodities. Correct answer: The movement of people, goods, places, and information. How does the global financial system affect national borders? a) Borders are becoming more secure. b) National borders are becoming increasingly porous. c) Financial crises affect only local economies. d) Borders have no impact on finance. Correct answer: National borders are becoming increasingly porous. What trend did the global population share undergo in the 20th century? a) A steady increase in European population share b) Global population share remained constant c) A significant reverse in global population shares occurred. d) Asia experienced the most growth Correct answer: A significant reverse in global population shares occurred. Which regions saw high levels of population growth in the 20th century? a) North America and Europe b) Only Asia and Latin America c) Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. d) Pacific Islands and the Arctic Correct answer: Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. What does the United Nations project for Africa's population by 2150? a) Africa will decline to 5% of the global population b) Africa's share will remain at 6% c) Africa's population will decrease by two billion d) Africa's population share will reach 20%. Correct answer: Africa's population share will reach 20%. What was Africa's estimated population share in 1820? a) 10% b) 6% c) 15% d) 7%. Correct answer: 7%. How much is the projected combined population increase of Asia, Latin America, and Oceania by 2150? a) A decrease of one billion b) An increase of five billion c) An increase of two billion. d) No change expected Correct answer: An increase of two billion. What role does migration play in globalization? a) Migration limits the effects of globalization b) Migration is unrelated to global trade c) Migration only affects local economies d) Migration is identified as a key factor in globalization. Correct answer: Migration is identified as a key factor in globalization. Which of the following is NOT a category of migrants? a) Tour guides. b) Vagabonds c) Refugees d) Asylum seekers Correct answer: Tour guides. How are vagabonds defined? a) Travelers seeking new experiences b) Individuals compelled to move due to adverse conditions. c) People on vacation d) Wealthy expatriates Correct answer: Individuals compelled to move due to adverse conditions. What distinguishes refugees from vagabonds? a) Refugees flee due to safety concerns. b) Refugees seek jobs in new countries c) Refugees are always tourists d) Refugees do not require protections Correct answer: Refugees flee due to safety concerns. What is the primary reason for labor migration? a) To escape from tourism b) To travel for leisure c) To return home d) To find work. Correct answer: To find work. What are push factors? a) Reasons attracting people to a new country b) Cultural preferences of tourists c) Conditions that drive people away from home countries. d) Legal immigration policies Correct answer: Conditions that drive people away from home countries. Which group typically includes unskilled workers? a) Labor migrants. b) Tourists c) Vagabonds d) Asylum seekers Correct answer: Labor migrants. What is protectionism in economic globalization? a) A method of promoting free trade between nations. b) An approach favoring foreign investments over domestic ones. c) A policy encouraging domestic production through government intervention. d) A strategy for increasing tariffs on all imports. Correct answer: A policy encouraging domestic production through government intervention. Which mechanism provides advantages to domestic producers? a) Discrimination against local businesses. b) Free Trade Agreements. c) Preferential Treatment. d) High taxation on domestic goods. Correct answer: Preferential Treatment. What is a common form of protectionism? a) Removal of tariffs on exports. b) Increased trade agreements with countries. c) Quotas on imported goods. d) Subsidies for foreign producers. Correct answer: Quotas on imported goods. What does trade liberalization aim to achieve? a) Increasing tariffs on imported goods. b) Encouraging isolationist trade policies. c) Removing restrictions on goods exchange between nations. d) Imposing quotas on domestic production. Correct answer: Removing restrictions on goods exchange between nations. What are nontariff barriers? a) Import fees on foreign products. b) Licensing rules and quotas that restrict trade. c) Financial incentives for domestic companies. d) Reduction of taxes on exports. Correct answer: Licensing rules and quotas that restrict trade. How has globalization impacted economic disparities? a) All countries benefited equally from globalization. b) Some countries gained at the expense of others. c) It eliminated all economic disparities. d) Developed nations are worse off. Correct answer: Some countries gained at the expense of others. What is the main focus of fair trade? a) Maximizing profits for large corporations. b) Eliminating all tariffs on goods. c) Well-being of marginalized producers. d) Investing solely in developed nations. Correct answer: Well-being of marginalized producers. What is one goal of fair trade? a) Increase barriers to imported goods. b) Promote monopolies in trade. c) Establish a more equitable global economic system. d) Favor large agricultural companies over small producers. Correct answer: Establish a more equitable global economic system. What is a practice associated with fair trade? a) Focusing only on local markets. b) Using unsustainable farming practices. c) Sourcing coffee from Global South producers. d) Charging below-market rates for goods. Correct answer: Sourcing coffee from Global South producers. What does fair trade promote regarding work environments? a) Reduced wages for employees. b) Increased risks in production areas. c) Unregulated working hours. d) Safe working conditions for producers. Correct answer: Safe working conditions for producers. What percentage of agricultural workers live in working poverty? a) Millions encounter high levels of working poverty. b) Only a small fraction is affected. c) Most are well-paid and secure. d) Only full-time workers face poverty. Correct answer: Millions encounter high levels of working poverty. What health issue do many agricultural workers face? a) Malnutrition and poor health are common. b) Excellent nutrition and health. c) Frequent access to medical care. d) No health issues reported. Correct answer: Malnutrition and poor health are common. What is one major issue with agricultural worker safety? a) Workers are always in safe environments. b) Lack of safety and labor protection exists. c) Safety measures are thoroughly enforced. d) Labor protections are universally applied. Correct answer: Lack of safety and labor protection exists. Why do agricultural workers face economic pressures? a) They receive regular bonuses. b) They earn low and irregular incomes. c) Incomes are always stable. d) They have multiple job offers. Correct answer: They earn low and irregular incomes. What can happen due to a lack of social support? a) Workers find safer alternatives. b) They earn higher wages. c) Workers continue in unsafe jobs. d) Support agents regularly assist them. Correct answer: Workers continue in unsafe jobs. What negative coping strategy may workers adopt? a) Increased savings for future investments. b) Better investment in education. c) Improved living conditions for families. d) Distress sale of assets can occur. Correct answer: Distress sale of assets can occur. What makes migrant agricultural workers particularly vulnerable? a) Hazardous transport, working, and living conditions. b) Strong community support systems. c) Access to various social services. d) Excellent housing conditions provided. Correct answer: Hazardous transport, working, and living conditions. What health issue affects the safety of agri-food workers? a) Abundance of health resources available. b) Perfect hygiene conditions all around. c) Ensuring comprehensive safety and health protections. d) Complete immunity to health issues. Correct answer: Ensuring comprehensive safety and health protections. How did the COVID-19 crisis impact agricultural workers? a) It improved their economic stability. b) It highlighted food security and labor issues. c) No significant impact was observed. d) Workers faced less health scrutiny. Correct answer: It highlighted food security and labor issues. What immediate action is necessary for workers post-COVID-19? a) Complete cessation of all safety regulations. b) No actions are needed. c) Social protection measures are required. d) Workers should increase their work hours. Correct answer: Social protection measures are required. What is a component of the needed social protection measures? a) Reducing health care access. b) Increasing unpaid work hours. c) Universal health coverage is crucial. d) Eliminating labor rights protections. Correct answer: Universal health coverage is crucial. What does modernization theory frame as the cause of global stratification? a) Technological and cultural differences between nations. b) Colonial policies in the Global South. c) Political democracy in developed nations. d) Geographical advantages of richer countries. Correct answer: Technological and cultural differences between nations. What historical event is associated with the exchange of goods and technology? a) The Columbian Exchange. b) The Industrial Revolution. c) The Enlightenment Period. d) World War II. Correct answer: The Columbian Exchange. Which period allowed countries to replace human labor with machines? a) The Colonial Era. b) The Scientific Revolution. c) The Renaissance. d) Industrial Revolution. Correct answer: Industrial Revolution. What core idea suggests wealthy countries can assist developing nations? a) Imposing trade sanctions. b) Increasing tariffs on imports. c) Exporting their technologies. d) Restricting immigration policies. Correct answer: Exporting their technologies. What characterizes the 'Traditional Stage' in Rostow's model? a) Subsistence agriculture and limited technology. b) High levels of consumer goods. c) Rapid industrial growth. d) Diversified and efficient industries. Correct answer: Subsistence agriculture and limited technology. What happens during the 'Take-off Stage' according to Rostow? a) Decline in agricultural productivity. b) High levels of investment in technology. c) Rapid growth and industrialization. d) Widespread availability of consumer goods. Correct answer: Rapid growth and industrialization. What signifies the 'High Mass Consumption' stage? a) High dependency on agriculture. b) Limited industrial efficiency. c) Neglected consumer demand. d) Consumer goods are widely available. Correct answer: Consumer goods are widely available. What does dependency theory posit regarding nations in the Global South? a) Their independence declines as they develop. b) They become economically autonomous. c) They achieve modernization quicker. d) They replicate the successes of the North. Correct answer: Their independence declines as they develop. What hinders the economic growth of poorer nations as per dependency theory? a) Reliance on wealthier nations. b) Excessive internal competition. c) Technological innovations. d) Political upheaval and instability. Correct answer: Reliance on wealthier nations. How does liberal trade impact less developed countries? a) It promotes industrial development. b) It fosters greater independence. c) It exacerbates poverty. d) It enhances global cooperation. Correct answer: It exacerbates poverty. What historical roots does dependency theory emphasize? a) Technological advancements of the North. b) Colonialism and exploitation. c) Cultural exchanges between nations. d) Political alliances in modern history. Correct answer: Colonialism and exploitation. What are push factors in migration? a) Labor shortages in the destination country. b) Favorable immigration policies abroad. c) Political persecution and war in the home country. d) Similarity of culture in the new country. Correct answer: Political persecution and war in the home country. Which country leads in remittance flow? a) The Philippines, with $14.7 billion. b) China, with $21.1 billion. c) India, with $24.5 billion in remittances. d) Brazil, with $10 billion. Correct answer: India, with $24.5 billion in remittances. What does the term 'diaspora' refer to? a) Immigration policies in host countries. b) Economic opportunities in the home country. c) Communities of migrants living away from their homeland. d) Cultural festivals in the destination country. Correct answer: Communities of migrants living away from their homeland. How does globalization relate to diasporization? a) Diasporization decreases during globalization. b) They are unrelated phenomena. c) Globalization leads to increased diasporization. d) Globalization restricts migration opportunities. Correct answer: Globalization leads to increased diasporization. What is an example of a virtual diaspora? a) Physical gatherings of immigrants. b) Government-sponsored relocation programs. c) Online communities sustaining migrant networks. d) Travel agencies promoting migration. Correct answer: Online communities sustaining migrant networks. What characterizes economic globalization? a) Decreased international trade activities. b) Increased interdependence of world economies. c) Isolation of national economies. d) Limiting cultural exchanges among nations. Correct answer: Increased interdependence of world economies. What factor influences migration patterns globally? a) Strict immigration laws in the home country. b) Economic stability in the home country. c) Reduction in global technology use. d) Easy access to information about destination countries. Correct answer: Easy access to information about destination countries. What do remittances reflect? a) Economic growth in destination countries. b) Cultural assimilation of migrants. c) Tourism revenue for host nations. d) Financial support from migrants to their home country. Correct answer: Financial support from migrants to their home country. According to the UN, what contributes to economic globalization? a) Growing scale of cross-border trade. b) Decrease in technology use. c) Increased isolation of economies. d) Decline in labor migration. Correct answer: Growing scale of cross-border trade. Who conceptualized diaspora as a transnational process? a) Dufoix in 2007. b) Laguerre in 2002. c) Paul Gilroy in 1993. d) The United Nations in 2000. Correct answer: Paul Gilroy in 1993. What was a major consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health? a) Significant loss of human life globally. b) Improved healthcare systems worldwide. c) Increase in global birth rates. d) Reduced healthcare access for the wealthy. Correct answer: Significant loss of human life globally. How did the pandemic affect the economy? a) Enhanced job security for all workers. b) Boosted overall economic growth worldwide. c) Stable prices for essential goods. d) Caused devastating economic and social disruptions. Correct answer: Caused devastating economic and social disruptions. By the end of 2020, how many people were undernourished due to the pandemic? a) Over 1 billion individuals. b) About 400 million individuals. c) Roughly 500 million individuals. d) Nearly 690 million individuals. Correct answer: Nearly 690 million individuals. What existential threat did businesses face during the pandemic? a) Increased government funding and support. b) Expansion of business opportunities. c) Strengthened global market presence. d) Severe threats to their existence. Correct answer: Severe threats to their existence. What proportion of the global workforce was at risk of losing livelihoods? a) Only a quarter, about 1.5 billion people. b) Less than a tenth, around 300 million people. c) Around three-quarters, roughly 5 billion people. d) Nearly half, approximately 3.3 billion people. Correct answer: Nearly half, approximately 3.3 billion people. Why were workers in the informal economy particularly vulnerable? a) Lacked social protection and access to healthcare. b) Had stable jobs and benefits. c) Received government subsidies regularly. d) Were part of well-established corporations. Correct answer: Lacked social protection and access to healthcare. What impact did lockdowns have on individuals' ability to feed themselves? a) Improved access to nutritious food. b) Increased agricultural production. c) Struggled to feed themselves and families. d) Enhanced food security for all families. Correct answer: Struggled to feed themselves and families. What did the pandemic reveal about food systems? a) The robustness of global food supply chains. b) The fragility of the entire food system. c) The efficiency of food distribution techniques. d) The steady increase in food production. Correct answer: The fragility of the entire food system. What restricted farmers' access to markets during the pandemic? a) Border closures and trade restrictions. b) Increased demand for agricultural products. c) Government incentives for local markets. d) Improved transportation networks. Correct answer: Border closures and trade restrictions. Which sector faced challenges in harvesting crops during the pandemic? a) Culinary experts and chefs. b) Retail and marketing teams. c) Transportation and logistics managers. d) Agricultural workforce. Correct answer: Agricultural workforce. How did the pandemic threaten food security? a) Ensured stable food prices worldwide. b) Enhanced nutritional quality of available food. c) Jeopardized food security and nutrition for millions. d) Increased access to global food supplies. Correct answer: Jeopardized food security and nutrition for millions. When did the demographic transition begin in Europe? a) Early 1600s b) Early 1800s c) Late 1900s d) Mid to late 1700s Correct answer: Mid to late 1700s What was a significant change during the demographic transition? a) Increase in birth rates b) Rise in mortality rates c) Decline in death rates d) Stability in fertility rates Correct answer: Decline in death rates How long did it take France to experience fertility decline? a) Approximately 100 years b) Approximately 200 years c) Approximately 50 years d) Approximately 300 years Correct answer: Approximately 200 years Which region experienced the demographic transition the latest? a) North America b) Africa and Asia c) Australia d) Europe Correct answer: Africa and Asia What was the life expectancy in India during the early 20th century? a) 30 years b) 40 years c) 24 years d) 18 years Correct answer: 24 years What life expectancy was recorded for China between 1929 and 1931? a) 24 years b) 34 years c) 28 years d) 20 years Correct answer: 24 years When did fertility decline begin in Asia? a) 1950s b) 1940s c) 1970s d) 1960s Correct answer: 1950s In which decade did Japan's total fertility rate fall below five births per woman? a) 1920s b) 1930s c) 1940s d) 1950s Correct answer: 1930s What was the significant demographic change post-World War II? a) Decline in population in Europe b) Rapid population growth in Asia c) Stabilization of western populations d) Increase in birth rates in Africa Correct answer: Rapid population growth in Asia What primarily drove the baby boom in the developing world? a) Increase in fertility rates b) Decline in infant and child mortality c) Rise in immigration d) Improvement in healthcare access Correct answer: Decline in infant and child mortality What was the life expectancy gap between Japan and the West by 1820? a) 12 years greater b) 5 years greater c) 10 years lower d) 20 years greater Correct answer: 12 years greater What does the life expectancy gap signify? a) Effects of demographic transition on health disparities b) Socioeconomic status of populations c) Variation in education levels d) Differences in healthcare systems Correct answer: Effects of demographic transition on health disparities What fundamental human desire has driven globalization according to Chanda (2007)? a) The need for more natural resources. b) The desire to improve living conditions. c) The urge to expand territory. d) The quest for technological innovation. Correct answer: The desire to improve living conditions. When did the journey of our ancestors from Africa begin? a) Around 20,000 years ago. b) In the late medieval period. c) During the last Ice Age. d) Approximately 50,000 years ago. Correct answer: Approximately 50,000 years ago. Which of the following is NOT a primary motivation for globalization as identified by Chanda? a) Commerce. b) Religion. c) Warfare. d) Environmental conservation efforts. Correct answer: Environmental conservation efforts. What role does warfare play in the motives behind globalization? a) It solely creates economic downturns. b) It decreases cultural exchange. c) It halts political power quests. d) It impacts global interactions. Correct answer: It impacts global interactions. According to Scholte (2005), globalization is viewed as what kind of process? a) A linear progression. b) An inevitable conclusion. c) A long-term cyclical process. d) A one-time historical event. Correct answer: A long-term cyclical process. What does Therborn's (2000) classification of globalization include? a) A timeline of technological innovations. b) Significant epochs or waves of globalization. c) Major conflicts in history. d) Cultural shifts across continents. Correct answer: Significant epochs or waves of globalization. Which epoch of globalization occurred between the 4th and 7th centuries? a) European Colonial Conquests. b) Heyday of European Imperialism. c) Post-Cold War Period. d) Globalization of Religion. Correct answer: Globalization of Religion. When did the Heyday of European Imperialism take place? a) Late 15th century. b) Late 18th to early 19th centuries. c) Post-World War II Period. d) Mid-19th century to 1918. Correct answer: Mid-19th century to 1918. Which of the following epochs is associated with post-World War II developments? a) European Colonial Conquests. b) Intra-European Wars. c) Globalization of Religion. d) Post-World War II Period. Correct answer: Post-World War II Period. What major event signals the start of the Post-Cold War Period in globalization? a) The rise of the internet. b) The end of the Cold War. c) The expansion of European empires. d) The beginning of intra-European wars. Correct answer: The end of the Cold War. How does the cyclical nature of globalization affect its historical study? a) It simplifies understanding past events. b) It indicates a constant growth. c) It complicates pinpointing its exact origins. d) It provides a clear timeline. Correct answer: It complicates pinpointing its exact origins. What do mediascapes refer to? a) The physical landscapes of media studios. b) The regulatory policies of media outlets. c) Electronic capabilities of production and dissemination of information. d) The impact of media on social structures. Correct answer: Electronic capabilities of production and dissemination of information. How are mediascapes and ideoscapes related? a) They rely on each other for dissemination of ideas. b) They operate independently with no interaction. c) Ideoscapes focus only on culture and not media. d) Mediascapes are solely about entertainment. Correct answer: They rely on each other for dissemination of ideas. What ideology did Michael Jackson promote through his music? a) Economic prosperity and global trade. b) Isolationism and cultural purity. c) Technological advancement and innovation. d) World peace, equality, and human rights. Correct answer: World peace, equality, and human rights. When did globalization and regionalization reemerge in history? a) In the 1950s with the rise of television. b) During the World War II era. c) In the early 21st century with the internet. d) During the 1980s and intensified in the 1990s. Correct answer: During the 1980s and intensified in the 1990s. How can regionalization affect globalization? a) It completely stops globalization processes. b) It accelerates globalization without any barriers. c) It has no impact on global economies. d) It can undermine benefits of a liberalized economy. Correct answer: It can undermine benefits of a liberalized economy. What does regionalism represent in the context of globalization? a) A form of counter-globalization. b) An absolute rejection of globalization. c) A secondary effect of media influence. d) A strategy to promote global governance. Correct answer: A form of counter-globalization. According to Hurrell (2007), what is a characteristic of regional developments? a) They can influence and stimulate regionalization elsewhere. b) They remain isolated with no broader effects. c) They are solely dependent on global policies. d) They emphasize local traditions over global influence. Correct answer: They can influence and stimulate regionalization elsewhere. How is regionalization connected to globalization? a) They're completely separate and unrelated processes. b) Regionalization solely derives from historical events. c) Globalization exists independently of regional influences. d) It's both a part of and builds upon the global framework. Correct answer: It's both a part of and builds upon the global framework. What is regionalization defined as? a) Formal intergovernmental collaboration between states. b) Societal integration and undirected social/economic interaction. c) A planned economic interaction among nations. d) The process of globalization through trade agreements. Correct answer: Societal integration and undirected social/economic interaction. How does regionalism differ from regionalization? a) Regionalism involves informal social interactions. b) They are synonymous concepts. c) Regionalism only pertains to cultural aspects. d) Regionalism is a formal process of intergovernmental collaboration. Correct answer: Regionalism is a formal process of intergovernmental collaboration. Role of culture in regionalization is described by which theorist? a) Jacoby and Meunier (2010). b) Huntington (2006). c) Fukuyama (1992). d) Smith (2008). Correct answer: Huntington (2006). In the post-Cold War world, states define interests in terms of what? a) Civilization. b) Economic policies alone. c) International laws. d) Geographic boundaries. Correct answer: Civilization. Which actors are driving forces toward regionalism? a) Local small businesses. b) Non-governmental organizations. c) Transnational Corporations (TNCs). d) Government agencies alone. Correct answer: Transnational Corporations (TNCs). What disadvantage do TNCs face if not in a regional trade agreement? a) They have fewer resources than local companies. b) They cannot operate internationally. c) They have more regulatory advantages. d) They are less competitive than regional companies. Correct answer: They are less competitive than regional companies. How do disadvantaged TNCs respond to their challenges? a) They divest from regional initiatives. b) They lobby national governments for trade agreements. c) They increase their local production only. d) They cease operations in affected regions. Correct answer: They lobby national governments for trade agreements. What concept refers to regulating globalization for citizen acceptance? a) Free-market globalization. b) Managed globalization. c) Localized economic policies. d) Market-driven globalization. Correct answer: Managed globalization. When was COVID-19 first reported? a) In New York, USA, in 2020. b) In Milan, Italy, in 2021. c) In Wuhan, China, in 2019. d) In Beijing, China, in late 2019. Correct answer: In Wuhan, China, in 2019. By September 2021, how many confirmed COVID-19 cases were there? a) Over 200 million. b) Around 50 million. c) Approximately 100 million. d) More than 300 million. Correct answer: Over 200 million. How many lives were lost to COVID-19 by September 2021? a) More than 4.6 million. b) About 1.2 million. c) Over 10 million. d) Around 2 million. Correct answer: More than 4.6 million. When were the first cases of COVID-19 officially recorded? a) January 1, 2020 b) February 11, 2020 c) December 31, 2019 d) March 7, 2020 Correct answer: December 31, 2019 Where were the first cases of COVID-19 reported? a) Wuhan, China b) Beijing, China c) New York, USA d) Tokyo, Japan Correct answer: Wuhan, China What initial condition was reported that led to the identification of COVID-19? a) Flu symptoms in patients b) Severe respiratory issues c) Pneumonia cases with no known cause d) Acute bronchitis cases Correct answer: Pneumonia cases with no known cause When did Chinese authorities identify the novel coronavirus? a) January 15, 2020 b) February 11, 2020 c) January 7, 2020 d) March 1, 2020 Correct answer: January 7, 2020 What did the WHO declare on January 30, 2020? a) Global Health Alert b) National Emergency Declaration c) Health Crisis Notification d) Public Health Emergency of International Concern Correct answer: Public Health Emergency of International Concern What was the official name given to the novel coronavirus? a) COVID-19 b) SARS-CoV-2 c) 2019-nCoV d) Coronavirus 2020 Correct answer: COVID-19 When was the first death from COVID-19 confirmed in the US? a) March 1, 2020 b) February 11, 2020 c) January 30, 2020 d) February 29, 2020 Correct answer: February 29, 2020 What was released on March 1, 2020, to aid COVID-19 response? a) $10 million by the WHO b) $15 million by the United Nations c) $5 million by the CDC d) $20 million by World Bank Correct answer: $15 million by the United Nations What milestone was reached by March 7, 2020, regarding COVID-19 cases? a) Cases reached 50,000 globally b) Cases reached 150,000 globally c) Cases reached 200,000 globally d) Cases reached 100,000 globally Correct answer: Cases reached 100,000 globally When did the WHO declare COVID-19 a pandemic? a) March 11, 2020 b) February 29, 2020 c) April 1, 2020 d) March 20, 2020 Correct answer: March 11, 2020 What characterized the rapid spread of COVID-19 after initial cases? a) Remained localized to China b) Led to a decrease in health concerns c) Improved coordination among governments d) Evolved into a global health emergency Correct answer: Evolved into a global health emergency What was a significant challenge noted in the early months of COVID-19? a) Clear understanding of transmission b) Immediate availability of vaccines c) Public acceptance of health measures d) Uncertainty among health authorities and governments Correct answer: Uncertainty among health authorities and governments What is the main effect of Americanization on global culture? a) It restricts cultural interactions globally. b) It diminishes local cultural practices. c) It spreads American products, ideas, and behaviors worldwide. d) It promotes cultural uniformity among nations. Correct answer: It spreads American products, ideas, and behaviors worldwide. Which ideology has been globally spread due to Americanization? a) Communism. b) Feudalism. c) Socialism. d) Capitalism. Correct answer: Capitalism. What does political homogenization lead to? a) Unique governance for each country. b) Decentralization of political power. c) Diverse political ideologies competing. d) Similar governance models emerging across regions. Correct answer: Similar governance models emerging across regions. What does McDonaldization primarily reflect? a) A movement against globalization. b) An emphasis on traditional cuisine. c) A shift towards fast food principles in society. d) The decline of fast food chains. Correct answer: A shift towards fast food principles in society. Which principle is NOT part of McDonaldization? a) Calculability. b) Tradition. c) Efficiency. d) Control. Correct answer: Tradition. What does heterogeneity in culture refer to? a) A uniform culture worldwide. b) The dominance of a single culture. c) The eradication of local customs. d) The emergence of diverse cultural practices. Correct answer: The emergence of diverse cultural practices. Cultural hybridization is linked to which concept? a) Cultural imperialism. b) Monoculture. c) Cultural assimilation. d) Heterogeneity. Correct answer: Heterogeneity. What is glocalization an interaction of? a) Global forces and local factors. b) Local traditions and isolation. c) Global homogenization only. d) Cultural colonization and resistance. Correct answer: Global forces and local factors. Glocalization results in the production of what? a) Global dominance. b) Local uniformity. c) The glocal. d) Cultural stagnation. Correct answer: The glocal. In which areas is glocalization observed? a) Cultural, economic, and political institutions. b) Only in cultural contexts. c) Only in economic contexts. d) Exclusively in political scenarios. Correct answer: Cultural, economic, and political institutions. What challenges does religion face in globalization? a) Embracing scientific discoveries and technologies. b) Gaining political power in secular nations. c) Promoting traditionalist views of society. d) Adapting to values like liberalism and consumerism. Correct answer: Adapting to values like liberalism and consumerism. What are the impacts of scientism and secularism on religion? a) They enhance the appeal of religious traditions. b) They promote greater acceptance of all faiths. c) They encourage interfaith dialogue and cooperation. d) They create a worldview in conflict with religious beliefs. Correct answer: They create a worldview in conflict with religious beliefs. How does Scholte view the relationship between rationalism and religion? a) He sees religion as a response against rationalist globalization. b) He believes religion embraces rationalist principles. c) He claims rationalism enhances religious practices. d) He suggests religion seeks to modernize with rationalism. Correct answer: He sees religion as a response against rationalist globalization. What role do global networks play in religious movements? a) They hinder communication between different faiths. b) They encourage the growth of secular beliefs. c) They eliminate traditional practices in religions. d) They stimulate anti-rationalist faith renewals but favor rational knowledge. Correct answer: They stimulate anti-rationalist faith renewals but favor rational knowledge. What is a characteristic of contemporary revivalist movements? a) They promote the complete acceptance of globalization. b) They focus solely on promoting scientific knowledge. c) They resist modern secularism and scientism. d) They seek to disband organized religion globally. Correct answer: They resist modern secularism and scientism. How has globalization impacted communication among religions? a) It has restricted dialogue to local communities. b) It has increased direct contact among co-religionists globally. c) It has made religious ideas less accessible worldwide. d) It has led to the decline of inter-religious discussions. Correct answer: It has increased direct contact among co-religionists globally. What are some perspectives on the origins of globalization? a) All perspectives agree on a singular cause. b) Only economic factors are considered in these perspectives. c) They completely dismiss historical events. d) They include views like hardwired and cycles of history. Correct answer: They include views like hardwired and cycles of history. What does the 'hardwired' perspective suggest about globalization? a) Globalization is an inherent aspect of human society. b) Globalization is a temporary phenomenon. c) Globalization began only in the 20th century. d) Globalization is primarily driven by technology. Correct answer: Globalization is an inherent aspect of human society. What does the 'cycles' perspective propose about globalization? a) It is a linear progression towards a single goal. b) It occurs in cycles throughout history. c) It is solely a result of technological advancement. d) It is limited to economic changes only. Correct answer: It occurs in cycles throughout history. According to the epochs perspective, globalization is viewed as what? a) An irrelevant chapter in human history. b) A distinct historical period. c) A phase that has no significant impact. d) A constant feature of every civilization. Correct answer: A distinct historical period. What does the 'events' perspective focus on regarding globalization? a) Cultural traditions that inhibit global progress. b) Universal laws governing human interaction. c) Specific events that have catalyzed its emergence. d) Random historical occurrences that lack significance. Correct answer: Specific events that have catalyzed its emergence. When did the term 'globalization' first appear in Webster's Dictionary? a) 1980 b) 1975 c) 1990 d) 1961 Correct answer: 1961 How does Ohmae (1992) define globalization? a) As the onset of a borderless world. b) As the rise of international conflict. c) As a local economic development. d) As a fixed cultural identity. Correct answer: As the onset of a borderless world. What does the internationalization of production refer to? a) Localized manufacturing processes. b) Production organized on a global scale. c) Only domestic production efforts. d) Reduction in labor distribution. Correct answer: Production organized on a global scale. What describes the new international division of labor? a) A decrease in international jobs. b) Changes in labor distribution globally. c) Stagnation of labor practices. d) Uniform labor tasks across countries. Correct answer: Changes in labor distribution globally. Which migratory trend is noted in globalization? a) South to North migration patterns. b) East to West migration patterns. c) North to South migration patterns. d) Only rural to urban migration. Correct answer: South to North migration patterns. What kind of competitive environment does globalization create? a) A stagnant competitive environment. b) Decreased global competition. c) A new competitive landscape. d) Only local competition. Correct answer: A new competitive landscape. How are states viewed in the context of globalization? a) Isolated nations with no influence. b) Agencies of the globalizing world. c) Incorporated into local governance only. d) Contributors to non-international policies. Correct answer: Agencies of the globalizing world. According to Ritzer (2015), what characterizes globalization? a) A singularly directed economic process. b) Only cultural exchanges between nations. c) A localized, immovable entity. d) A transplanetary process with multidirectional flows. Correct answer: A transplanetary process with multidirectional flows. What does Ritzer highlight about globalization's nature? a) It can lead to both integration and fragmentation. b) It only promotes cultural isolation. c) It eliminates all structural blocks. d) It creates uniform economies globally. Correct answer: It can lead to both integration and fragmentation. What does 'homogeneity' refer to in globalization theories? a) Growing diversity and variation. b) Resistance to cultural influences. c) Increasing sameness in cultural practices. d) Protection of local traditions. Correct answer: Increasing sameness in cultural practices. What is the opposite of homogeneity? a) Cultural imperialism. b) Global uniformity. c) Economic integration. d) Heterogeneity, indicating diversity. Correct answer: Heterogeneity, indicating diversity. What historical event does Gibbon attribute to the origins of globalization? a) The discovery of America by Columbus b) Roman conquests centuries before Christ c) The initiation of transatlantic broadcasts d) The rise of multi-national corporations Correct answer: Roman conquests centuries before Christ Who discovered America in 1492? a) Vasco De Gama b) Christopher Columbus c) Ferdinand Magellan d) Marco Polo Correct answer: Christopher Columbus What significant event occurred in 1498 that contributed to globalization? a) Columbus discovering America b) Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe c) Establishment of the first telephone cable d) Vasco De Gama's journey to the Cape of Good Hope Correct answer: Vasco De Gama's journey to the Cape of Good Hope Which explorer completed the first circumnavigation of the globe? a) Ferdinand Magellan b) Christopher Columbus c) James Cook d) Hernan Cortes Correct answer: Ferdinand Magellan What year was the first transatlantic telephone cable established? a) 1962 b) 1956 c) 1988 d) 2001 Correct answer: 1956 When did transatlantic television broadcasts commence? a) 1962 b) 1956 c) 1988 d) 2000 Correct answer: 1962 What pivotal event impacted globalization in 2001? a) Establishment of the internet b) Terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers c) End of the Cold War d) Emergence of the United States as a power Correct answer: Terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers Which transformation occurred after World War II contributing to globalization? a) Establishment of multinational corporations b) Decline of mortality rates c) Emergence of the United States as a global power d) Rise of the Soviet Union Correct answer: Emergence of the United States as a global power What was one of the three major changes in globalization during the late 20th century? a) Invention of the internet b) The rise of multi-national corporations c) End of Roman conquests d) Discovery of America Correct answer: The rise of multi-national corporations What does demographic transition refer to? a) Increase in population growth b) Emergence of globalization c) Rise of communication technology d) Decline in mortality and fertility rates Correct answer: Decline in mortality and fertility rates How does the demographic transition vary across regions? a) It's identical across all regions b) It only affects developed countries c) Timing and specific circumstances differ significantly d) It has a uniform global timeline Correct answer: Timing and specific circumstances differ significantly