Understanding The Self Midterm Reviewer PDF

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (MIDTERM REVIEWER) GUTIERREZ, NYGELOH C. BSPSYCH 1A THE PHYSICAL SELF HOW TO BUILD A STRONG AND POS...

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (MIDTERM REVIEWER) GUTIERREZ, NYGELOH C. BSPSYCH 1A THE PHYSICAL SELF HOW TO BUILD A STRONG AND POSITIVE BODY IMAGE?  Anorexia Nervosa -people with this disorder has an  understand that healthy attractive bodies intense fear of gaining weight and distorted come in many shapes and sizes. body image. -eating disorder where the person has  remember that physical appearance says this Doesn’t want to intake food because of fear very little about our character or value as a of getting fat. person. -a person restricts the number of calories he/she consumes.  remember that how one gets to the point of acceptance often depends on individual development and self-acceptance.  Bulimia Nervosa -eating disorder where the person who has this fear of getting fat, hence, they insert STEPS TO TAKE TO GET INTO A their index finger and shove it inside their POINT OF BALANCE throat to vomit their intake food. Question the degree to which self-  Pica esteem on our appearance. -unusual eating disorder that sees something inedible as craving (e.g., metal, paper, wood, and so forth..) THE SEXUAL SELF Body image is both internal and  LIBIDO -Is a sex drive and a term that Sigmund external Freud used. Internal (personal)  Paraphilic Disorder -how a person perceive his/her body. -these are sexual desires or urges that is External (External) beyond the norm and uncontrollable. -how the public views the person. 1. Satyriasis (Male)  How we perceive our body visually. 2. Nymphomania (Female)  How we feel about our physical appearance(emotion associated).  How we think and talk to ourselves about our bodies.  Fetishism  Our sense of how other people view -any object incorporating during our bodies. activity  Transvestic Fetishism When it comes to our bodies, there -intense sexual arousal from cross- are a number of sources that affect dressing or dressing as the opposite sex. us more than other:  Frotteurism -involves the act of touching or rubbing 1. Today’s embedded ideals- society’s ideas of one’s genitals against another and with a what beauty is. UNCONSENTED individual in a sexual manner, 2. The media- media’s portrayal of beauty to attain sexual gratification. 3. Prejudice- society’s standard of beauty  Voyeurism MAJOR FACTORS THAT DETERMINE -they don’t want to have sex or have a HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: sexual partner. Whereas, they gain sexual LIBIDO from peeking to UNCONSENTED  The inherited sexual response. PERSON -they receive sexual gratification from  The degree of restraint or other types of watching others who are naked, dressing and so influence exerted on the individual by forth.. society in the expression of his/her  Exhibitionism sexuality. -they are aroused in public and obtain sexual gratification from the reaction of disgust or fear on the part of the victim. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE COUNTERMEASURE: DO NOT GIVE THEM ATTENTION THREE(3) STAGES OF LOVE, ACCORDING TO SCIENTISTS  Zoophilia -Sexual attraction of a human toward a non-human animal(LIBIDO for animals). STAGE 1: Lust -this is the stage of Love and is driven by the sex hormones testosterone(Male) and  Sexual Sadism-they love giving and estrogen(female) seeing their partner in pain or suffers from what they inflicted. STAGE 2: Attraction & -this is the phase when a person  Masochism-they love receiving pain actually starts to feel the love from a sexual partner because they are -scientists thinks that three main gaining sexual arousal. neurotransmitters are involved in this stage: NOTE: both will not have a harmonious relationship because the sadist wants the THREE(3) MAIN masochist to suffer, however, the masochist does NEUROTRANSMITTERS: not. What’s more, the masochist enjoys it. 1. Adrenaline 2. Dopamine 3. Serotonin  Pedophilia -Arousal for Children STAGE 3: Love -when a couple passes through the THE DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL above stages of love successfully,the time of BEHAVIOR bonding with each other becomes powerful -defined as any activity-solitary, between two ATTACHMENT is a bond helping couple to person, or in group that includes sexual arousal. take their relationship to advanced levels. It instigates the feeling of bearing children and falling in love with them wholeheartedly. TYPES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR TWO(2) MAJOR HORMONES 1. Solitary Behavior INVOLVED IN THIS FEELING OF -Self-gratification or self-simulation that leads to sexual arousal and generally, sexual ATTACHMENT: climax 2. Sociosexual Behavior  OXYTOCIN(Released during sex) -generally divided into heterosexual -a powerful hormone released by men behavior(male with female) and homosexual and women during orgasm. behavior(male with male & female with female)  -responsible for automatically milk SYMPTOMS: Yellowish,Greenish Discharge, production and cement the strong bond of burning feeling when urinating. mother and baby.  SYPHILIS -has several phases(3)  Vasopressin(Released after sex) - another important hormone in the  PRIMARY SYPHILIS(early long-term commitment stage. -believed to be directly associated disease) with increased motivation to engage in sexual Pain free open sores(chancres) and behavior. usually heal 3-6weeks. Understanding the Human Sexual  SECONDARY SYPHILIS(later Response stage) Often have rash or hair loss  The entire nervous system plays a crucial role during sexual response.  LATENT STAGE May have no visible symptom, but can  The autonomic nervous system is damage heart, brain, other organs. involved in controlling the involuntary response.  The hypothalamus and limbic system are PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE responsible for regulating the sexual response. 1. EXCITEMENT PHASE  The brain regulates the release of hormones -Increase in pulse and blood pressure. and neurotransmitters , which are believed to be the physiological origin of sexual -sudden rise in blood supply to the desire. surface of the body parts(particularly noticeable in the reproductive structure of male and female). SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED -more rapid breathing, secretion of INFECTIONS(STIs) genital fluids, vaginal expansion, general increase in muscle tension. -infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact. 2. PLATEAU PHASE Can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. -generally of brief duration; if stimulation is continued, orgasm usually occurs  AIDS -Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS 3. SEXUAL CLIMAX OR ORGASM -marked by feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood AIDS IS A CULMINATION OF HIV pressure.  CHLAMYDIA 4. RESOLUTION PHASE -is a common sexually transmitted -refers to the return to a normal or disease caused by bacteria called Chlamydia subnormal physiological state. Trachomatis. (can infect men and women)  Women: cervix, rectum, throat IF THERE IS A STRUCTURE OF A  Men: Urethra, rectum, throat PLOT, THERE IS ALSO IN SEXUAL RESPONSE  GONORRHEA Often called “the clap” this bacterial  EROGENOUS ZONE sexually transmitted infection exits in vaginal -These are areas of the human body secretions and semen. which have high concentration of nerve endings.(sensitive to touch, pressure, or -A study of consumption choices and vibrations) behaviors from social and cultural point of view as opposed to an economic or psychological one. TERMINOLOGIES:  Biological Sex- refers to the CONSUMER CULTURE THEORY objectively measurable organs, hormones, -Addresses the dynamic relationship chromosomes. between consumer actions, the market place, and cultural meanings. Focused on the buying and  Gender- the subjective result of the selling of goods. brain’s neurology within the context of society’s culture. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFESSIONALS REGARD CONSUMER CULTURE AS A  Gender Identity- how a person, in his FORM OF CONDITIONING head, thinks about himself.  Gender Expression- how a person demonstrates his gender through the way THE SPIRITUAL SELF he acts, dresses, behaves, and interacts. The practice of Religion, belief in supernatural being and power  Sexual Orientation- refers to who a person is physically, spiritually, and Religion- refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and power. emotionally attracted to. -is an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere, along with ceremonial THE MATERIAL/ECONOMIC practices. SELF FUNCTIONS:  Creates a moral community  Provides rites of passage We are consumer of Womb-Tomb  Provides emotional support Because at birth until death,  Serves as a new means to provide answers we uses and consume products of to ultimate questions society.  Agent of social change CHARACTERISTICS: Barbara Kruger  A belief in anthropomorphic I shop, therefore I am; I have, therefore I am.  A focus on the sacred supernatural -A person is defined not by what they think, but what they own(through shopping).  The presence of ritual activities -Shopping is an expressive and constitutive existential act(Kruger)  The articulation of worldview and moral codes( in every religion, it Russel Belk(1988) teaches us how to be good with “We regard our possessions as part of others) ourselves. We are what we have and what we possess.” Sacred refers to a feeling of reverence and awe. ROLE OF CONSUMER CULTURE: The concept “Dungan” means spirit/soul ‘Shopping the way we see ourselves’ in Ilonggo.  CONSUMER CULTURE Dungan- is an indigenous term which refers to the spirit or soul  DUNGAN- If the person is still alive “Sampalataya” comes from sanskrit KALAG- if the person is dead “Sampratyaya” means: 1. conviction 2. Perfect concepcion KALULUWA by the Tagalogs 3. Perfect trust/faith/belief GIMOKUD by the Bagobos In tagalog, “faith or belief in someone” or “act MAKATU by the Bukidnons of worship in God” KADKADWA by the Ilocanos  Often need to be worshiped or (the soul is still in the physical body) included in rituals in order to be placed so that they continue to KARURUWA(the soul is now Outside the be benevolent(kind). physical body) ANIMISM- is the belief that nature has  They are thought to be reborn soul generation after generation. ANIMATISM- does not have a  MAGIC ARE ILLUSIONS personality- it is an impersonal “it” (thing) rather than “he or she” whilst FUNCTIONS: Animism can have a gender and/or  Avoidance or healing of illness in humans personality characteristics similar to  Seeking some “luck” where the outcome is people. in doubt or beyond factual influence  Captivates the audience with expert showmanship DIFFERENCE OF ANIMISM AND ANIMATIS:  WITCHCRAFT -is an explanation of events based on ANIMITISM- anything that is in the the belief that certain individuals, possess an innate psychic power capable of causing harm, form of nature and has no specified sickness, and death. gender. FUNCTIONS: ANIMISM- it takes the form of  Effective way for people to explain a human and has specified gender personal misfortune without having to shoulder any blame to themselves. “Pananam” in “Pananampalataya” may refer to “lasa” or taste.  Provides an outlet for feelings of hostility and frustration without the norms of the “Taya” refers to a type of game of longer group chance (“Sugal”) that when affixed with “Pala” means someone who is CONCLUSION: repeatedly engaged in it. Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft serve Ancestral Spirits the same functions of trying to explain the -are souls of dead relatives unexplainable behavior and providing comfort freed from their body at death who and a coherent view of the world. maintain an interest in living. “Sampalataya” is the root word of THE DIGITAL SELF “Pananampalataya”, according to Salazar (2016). I, me, myself and my user ID online identity  PERSONAL IDENTITY 3. Love The interpersonal level of self which differentiates the individual as unique from others.  SOCIAL IDENTITY LOGOTHERAPHY ASSUMPTIONS: The level of self whereby the  The human being is an entity consisting individual is identified by his or her of body, mind, soul  Life has meaning under all group membership circumstances, even in the most miserable  ONLINE IDENTITY  People have a will to meaning The results from different  People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to find interactions with each website meaning visited, showing a different picture  Life has demand quality of who you are and what you do  The individual is unique SELF-PRESENTATION FINDING AND CREATING MEANING -any behavior that is designed to convey an image about ourselves to other people.  LOGOTHERAPHY Proposes that “man’s -This explains why our behavior change if we notice we are being watched. motivational force is search for meaning” Viktor E. Frankl SELECTIVE SELF-PRESENTATION -carefully representation or  Uses the philosophy of optimism expression of one’s real world self. in the face of tragedy, where people are capable of “turning 2 MAIN MOTIVES WHY PEOPLE SEEK suffering into human TO INFLUENCE OTHER’S PERCEPTIONS achievement and Instrumental Motive accomplishment” -increased the desire for self-esteem  from guilt the opportunity to -its fundamental meaning is the change oneself for the better. gaining of rewards  Deriving from life’s transitoriness an incentive to Expressive Motive take responsible action. -Wanting to be in charge of one’s personal behavior and identity LOOKING WHY THINGS IS -can be a response to social norms, expectations, or restrictions. It seeks to show HAPPENING TO YOU AND FINDING something different. MEANINGS Three(3) ways of discovering IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: meaning in life 1. Ingratiation- “behaving in ways to make 1. By doing a deed oneself likeable to others”(e.g., when you are 2. By experiencing a value with your crush, you are behaving with decency) 3. By suffering 2. Self-Promotion- “accenting your strong points in order to earn respect”(e.g., showing off VIKTOR E. FRANKL sources of meaning: your skills and talents) 1. Purposeful work 3. Exemplification- demonstrating exemplary 2. Courage in the face of difficulty behavior in order to boost your integrity or character (e.g., leading by example and inspiring others) 4. Intimidation- using physical or emotional threats to get something you want 5. Supplication- acting weak or dependent in order to get favours from others 6. Negative acknowledgement- addmiting your flaws