STS Midterm Examination PDF

STS Midterm Examination Technology -The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. -Encompasses a wide range of tools, machines,systems, and techniques that help us solve problems, improve our lives, and interact with the world around us. - Two Greek Words “techne” which means ar...

STS Midterm Examination Technology -The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. -Encompasses a wide range of tools, machines,systems, and techniques that help us solve problems, improve our lives, and interact with the world around us. - Two Greek Words “techne” which means art, skill, craft, or the way, manner, or means by which a thing is gained “logos” which means the utterance by which inward thought is expressed, a saying or an expression. TECHNE: THE ART OF MAKING Techne - The practical knowledge or skill required to produce something, whether it's a physical object, a work of art, or a solution to a problem. Characteristics- Often associated with craftsmanship, technique, and know-how. It involves a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Examples: -Carpentry -Medicine -Pottery. -Engineering LOGOS: THE WORD OR REASON Logos - The power of reason, logic, and argumentation. It is associated with the ability to think critically, analyze information, and communicate ideas effectively. Characteristics: Often associated with philosophy, science, and rhetoric. It involves the use of language, concepts and principles to understand and explain the world. Examples: -Philosophical discourse -Legal Reasoning -Scientific inquiry HUMAN FLOURISHING - comes from the word “Eudaimonia”, literally “good spirited” is a term coined by renowned STS Midterm Examination Greek philosopher Aristotle to describe the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans - arises as a result of different components such as phronesis, friendship, wealth and power -Human flourishing is a concept that explores the pursuit of a fulfilling and meaningful life. It involves the development of one's potential, the cultivation of virtues, and the attainment of happiness and well-being. CORE COMPONENTS OF HUMAN FLOURISHING Happiness and Well-being: A state of contentment, satisfaction, and fulfillment. Virtues and Character: The development of positive traits like honesty, kindness, courage, and wisdom. Meaning and Purpose: A sense of direction and significance in life. Relationships and Community: Strong connections with others and a sense of belonging. Self-Actualization: The realization of one's full potential and talents. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HUMAN FLOURISHING Physical Health: Good health and well-being are essential for flourishing. Mental Health: Emotional stability, resilience, and positive thinking. Social Connections: Strong relationships with family, friends, and community members. Economic Security: Financial stability and the ability to meet basic needs. Education and Learning: Opportunities for personal growth and development. Environmental Factors: A healthy and sustainable environment. Spiritual or Religious Beliefs: A sense of connection to something larger than oneself. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN FLOURISHING: Aristotle: Emphasized the importance of virtue and practical wisdom for a flourishing life. Epicurus: Advocated for the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. STS Midterm Examination Kant: Focused on moral duty and the categorical imperative. Nietzsche: Emphasized the importance of self-overcoming and the creation of meaning. THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS -The rational process of creating means to order and transform matter, energy, and information to realize certain valued ends. -A systematic approach to developing and applying technology. It involves a series of stages, from identifying a need or problem to implementing and evaluating a solution 1. Problem Identification: Needs Assessment: Identifying a need or problem that technology can address. Research: Gathering information about the existing technology and potential solutions. 2. Design and Planning: Conceptualization: Developing ideas for potential solutions. Design: Creating detailed plans and specifications for the technology. Planning: Organizing resources, timelines, and budgets. 3. Development: Construction: Building or manufacturing the technology. Testing: Evaluating the technology to ensure it meets the design specifications and performs as intended. 4. Implementation: Deployment: Introducing the technology into its intended environment. Training: Providing users with the necessary knowledge and skills to use the technology effectively. 5. Evaluation and Improvement: Monitoring: Observing the technology's performance and impact. Feedback: Gathering feedback from users and stakeholders. STS Midterm Examination Improvement: Making necessary adjustments or updates to the technology based on the evaluation. 6. Maintenance and Support: Maintenance: Ensuring the technology continues to function properly. Support: Providing assistance to users who encounter problems or have questions. KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TECHNOLOGICAl PROCESS: Innovation: The ability to develop new and creative solutions. Collaboration: Working together with others to achieve common goals. Resources: Access to financial, human, and material resources. Ethical Considerations: Ensuring that the technology is developed and used responsibly. TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTS -Technology is the set of means (tools, devices, systems, methods, procedures) created by the technological process. - Are physical artifacts created through the application of technology. They range from simple tools to complex machines and systems. EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTS: Tools: Hammers, saws, knives, and other basic tools used for various tasks. Machines: Cars, airplanes, computers, and other complex machines that perform specific functions. Systems: Transportation networks, communication systems, and energy grids that consist of interconnected components. Products: Consumer goods, industrial products, and other items produced through technology. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTS: Efficiency: Technological objects can increase efficiency and productivity in various areas of life. STS Midterm Examination Convenience: They can make tasks easier and more convenient. Quality of Life: They can improve our quality of life by providing access to goods, services, and information. Economic Growth: Technological objects are essential for economic development and job creation. Social Change: They can shape our social interactions, cultural norms, and values. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Environmental Impact: The production and use of technological objects can have significant environmental consequences. Social Equity: The benefits of technology may not be distributed equally among all people. Privacy and Security: Technological objects can raise concerns about privacy and security. TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE -Technology is the knowledge that makes the technological process possible. It consists of the facts and procedures necessary to order and manipulate matter, energy, and information, as well as how to discover new means for such transformations. -The understanding and application of scientific principles to create and use tools, machines, and systems. KEY COMPONENTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE: Scientific Principles: A deep understanding of fundamental scientific concepts and theories. Engineering Practices: The ability to design, develop, and implement technological solutions. Problem-Solving Skills: The capacity to identify problems, analyze information, and develop effective solutions. Creativity: The ability to think outside the box and generate innovative ideas. Collaboration: The capacity to work effectively with others to achieve common goals. STS Midterm Examination IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE Economic Growth: Technological knowledge is essential for driving economic growth and creating jobs. Social Progress: It can improve quality of life, address societal challenges, and promote social equity. Global Competitiveness: Countries with strong technological knowledge bases are often more competitive in the global economy. Innovation: It is the foundation for innovation and the development of new technologies. TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM -Consisting of the technological process, technological objects, technological knowledge, developers of technological objects, users of technological objects, and the worldview (i.e., the beliefs about things and the value of things that shape how one views the world) that has emerged from and drives the technological process. -A collection of interconnected components that work together to achieve a specific goal. These systems can range from simple machines to complex networks of devices and infrastructure. KEY COMPONENTS OF A TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM: Input: The resources, materials, or information that are provided to the system. Process: The transformation of inputs into outputs. Output: The products, services, or results produced by the system. Feedback: Information that is used to monitor and control the system's performance. EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM Transportation Systems: Roads, railways, airports, and other infrastructure that facilitate transportation. Communication Systems: Telephone networks, internet infrastructure, and other systems that enable communication. Energy Systems: Power plants, transmission grids, and other systems that produce and STS Midterm Examination distribute energy. Manufacturing Systems: Factories, assembly lines, and other systems that produce goods. Healthcare Systems: Hospitals, clinics, and other facilities that provide healthcare services. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Complexity: Technological systems can be complex, making it difficult to understand, manage, and maintain them. Interdependence: Technological systems are often interconnected, making them vulnerable to disruptions. Sustainability: Technological systems must be designed and operated in a sustainable manner to minimize their environmental impact. Innovation: Technological systems offer opportunities for innovation and improvement. ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGIES -Easy Access To Information -Encourages Innovation And Creativity -Improved Communication -The Convenience Of Travelling/ Ease Of Mobility -Improved Housing And Lifestyle -Improved Entertainment -Efficiency And Productivity -Convenience In Education -Benefits To The Health Industry SCIENCE- the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.It's a fundamental part of our everyday lives, even if we don't always realize it. -Technology: From the smartphones we use to the cars we drive, science plays a crucial role in STS Midterm Examination developing and improving the technology that surrounds us. Medicine: Science has led to advancements in medical treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, improving our health and well-being. Food: Science is involved in everything from the production of food to ensuring its safety and nutritional value. Environment: Science helps us understand the natural world, protect the environment, and develop sustainable practices. Problem-Solving: Science provides us with the tools and methods to solve problems, from everyday challenges to global issues. STS Midterm Examination L5: TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICES -Are some of the most popular and most commonly used types of devices across all age groups -These “celebrities” in the field of technology are television sets, mobile phones and computers TELEVISION -According to Kantar Media, one of the most trusted television audience measurement providers, in the Philippines, 92 percent of urban homes and 70 percent of rural homes own at least one television set -It is for the reason why television remains to be the ultimate medium for advertisement placements TELEVISION INVENTORS Paul Gottlieb Nipkow- A German student, in the late1800s was successful in his attempt to send images through wires with the aid of a rotating metal disk. This invention was called “Electric telescope” that had 18 lines of resolution Campbell-Swinton(English scientist) & Boris Rosing (Russian scientist) -Created a new system of television by using the cathode ray tube in addition to the mechanical scanner system MOBILE TELEPHONES -They use it for different purposes other than communication -More than half of the Filipino population own at least one mobile phone regardless of type MOBILE PHONES BACKGROUND STORY MARTIN COOPER -A senior engineer at Motorola, made the world’s first mobile phone call on April 3, 1973 -This kind of device was capable if a 30-minute talk time. However, it took 10 hours to charge STS Midterm Examination -In 1983, Motorola made their first commercial mobile phone available to the public -It was known as the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X COMPUTERS AND LAPTOPS -There are some Filipinos own more than one computer or laptop while some own at least one computer or laptop -5.4 percent of the total value output came from computers and peripheral equipment and accessories -The first true portable computer was released in April 1981 -It was call the Osborne 1 -The evolution of laptop continued until the present time where various designs and models are already available COMPUTERS AND LAPTOPS BACKGROUND HISTORY Charles Babbage(19th century) A English mathematics professor, who designed the Analytical Engine which was used as the basic framework of the computers even until the present time -ROBOTICS is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. Robots are autonomous machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence or physical effort. KEY COMPONENTS OF ROBOTICS: Mechanical Engineering: Designing the physical structure and movement systems of robots. Electrical Engineering: Developing the electronics and control systems that power and operate robots. Computer Science: Creating the software and algorithms that enable robots to perceive, think, and act. STS Midterm Examination TYPES OF ROBOTS: Industrial Robots: Used in manufacturing and assembly lines to perform repetitive tasks with high precision. Service Robots: Designed to assist humans in various tasks, such as cleaning, healthcare, and entertainment. Autonomous Vehicles: Robots that can navigate and operate without human intervention, such as self-driving cars and drones. Medical Robots: Used in surgical procedures, rehabilitation, and patient care. APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS: Manufacturing: Increasing productivity, efficiency, and quality control. Healthcare: Assisting in surgeries, rehabilitation, and patient care. Exploration: Exploring dangerous environments, such as space, underwater, or disaster zones. Agriculture: Automating tasks like planting, harvesting, and pest control. Entertainment: Creating interactive experiences, such as theme park attractions and virtual reality simulations. A ROBOT is an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes with a degree of autonomy, moving within its environment, to perform intended task A SERVICE ROBOT is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding industrial automation application A PERSONAL SERVICE ROBOT or a service robot for personal use is a service robot used for a noncommercial task, usually by lay persons A PROFESSIONAL SERVICE ROBOT or a service robot for personal use is a service robot used for a commercial task, usually operated by a properly trained operator ROBOTICS AND HUMANITY -Germany was one of the first countries to develop service robots -As part of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research’s “Service Robotics STS Midterm Examination Innovation Lead Initiative” it sponsored a collaborative project called DESIRE Emotional Intelligence: Developing robots that can recognize and respond to human emotions, such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Social Intelligence: Creating robots that can understand and navigate social situations, such as engaging in conversations, following social norms, and cooperating with humans. Natural Language Processing: Enabling robots to understand and generate human language, making communication more natural and intuitive. Human-Robot Interaction: Designing robots that can interact with humans in a socially acceptable and engaging manner. ROLES PLAYED ROBOTICS -They are primarily used to ease the workload of mankind -They were invented to make life more efficient and less stressful -They also perform different activities but they are usually child-friendly