Midterm Reviewer: Psychological Perspective Of The Self PDF

MIDTERM REVIEWER  Archetypes- are the universal models after which roles are patterned. PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF  For Jung, there are...

MIDTERM REVIEWER  Archetypes- are the universal models after which roles are patterned. PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF  For Jung, there are four major THE SELF archetypes Carl Rogers- He believes that the ideal self is  The persona- refers to social roles that the persons’ conception of what one should be individuals present to others. or what one aspires to be.  The shadow- refers to the repressed thoughts that are socially unacceptable.  Self concept- refers to the image of  The anima- the feminine side of the oneself. male psyche  Two Components of The Self Concept:  The animus- the masculine side of the  Real self- consists of all the ideas, female psyche including the awareness of what one is and what one can do. Sigmund Freud- the dynamic forces within the  Ideal self- the person’s conception of self are many and in inevitable conflict. what one should be or what one aspires  Three structures which personality is to be which includes one’s goals and formed: ambitions in life.  The Id- characterized by its need to William James- He believes that people have satisfy basic urges and desires. different social selves depending on the context  The ego- refers to the I, operates on the of social situation. reality principle and controls the id.  The superego- refers to the  The self is divided into two categories: “conscience” and “moral judge” of  I-Self- reflects the soul of a person or one’s conduct. the mind which is also called the pure ego. Erik Erikson- his theory proposed that  Me-Self- the empirical self which refers individuals go through eight psychosocial stage to the person’s personal experiences. of development Albert Bandura- he posits that humans,  Trust vs Mistrust- the child will through their agency are perceived as proactive develop trust if he or she is properly agents of experiences. cared of, if not then mistrust will likely to develop.(first year of life)  Agency- embodies the endowments,  Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt- belief systems, self-regulatory autonomy means independence of capabilities, and distributed structures thought and confidence to think and act and functions. for one self. When children are overly  The main features of human agency: protected, they may become overly  Intentionality- refers to acts done dependent on their parents and feel a intentionally. sense of shame or doubt in their own  Forethought- enables the person to abilities. (first three years of life) anticipate the likely consequences of  Initiative vs Guilt- a sense of prospective actions. responsibility among children lead to the  Self-reactiveness- involves making development of initiative. A child who choices and choosing appropriate is made to feel irresponsible might courses of action as well as motivating develop feelings of guilt.(3 to 5 yrs) and regulating them.  Industry vs Inferiority- When children  Self-reflectiveness- gives the person the are encouraged in their efforts, they will ability to reflect upon and the adequacy develop a sense of industry. But children of his or her thoughts and actions. who receive little or no encouragement from parents and teachers will likely to Carl Jung- the central to Jung’s theory of the develop inferiority. (Elementary school self is the concept of archetypes. years)   Identity formation vs Identity 1. Hinduism- the law of karma is the most confusion- If parents provide proper important doctrine of Hinduism. All support, adolescents will develop actions are subject to karma. If you do positive identity. If not adequately good things, you will be rewarded, if supported, they will feel insecure and you do bad, you will be punished. identity confusion will 2. Buddhism- the root word of Buddhism develop.(Adolescence) is budh meaning awake. Siddharta  Intimacy vs Isolation- Those who are Gautama Buddha known as “Buddha”, successful in this stage will likely form is the founder of Buddhism. Every relationships with others. Inability to person has the seed of enlightenment, develop intimate relationships during hence the potential to be a Buddha. But this stage will lead to mistrust and the seed should be nurtured. isolation. (Early adulthood) 3. Confucianism- the core of Confucian  Generativity vs Stagnation- thought is the Golden Rule or the Developing a sense of generativity is principle of reciprocity: “Do not do to important during this stage. Those who others what you would not want others fail to attain this generativity will feel to do to you.” Thus, the basic virtue or worthless.(Middle adulthood) proper conduct is knowing how to act in  Integrity vs Despair- if they are relation to others. satisfied and proud of their 4. Taoism- a Chinese counterculture, the accomplishments, they will feel a sense Tao is commonly regarded as Nature of integrity. Those who are unsuccessful that is the foundation of all that exists. will feel that their life has been wasted ---------------------------------------------------------- and will experience regrets and despair. (Old age) THE PHYSICAL SELF ---------------------------------------------------------- Physical Self- refers to the body, both physical extremities and internal organs work together WESTERN AND EASTERN CONCEPTS for the body to perform many of its functions. OF SELF E.g. breathing, walking, eating, and sleeping, 1. Western Self as Analytic- western way among others. of thinking is analytic-deductive with Heredity- is the biological process of the emphasis on the causal links (part-to- inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. whole relationships) 2. Western Self as Monotheistic- the Environment- refers to the factors an individual belief in one Supreme Being with the is exposed to throughout life which includes universe condenses the supernatural and learning and experiences. human capabilities into bipolarity of both qualities of existence. Theory of Physiognomy- suggests that a 3. Western Self as Individualstic- person’s physical characteristics such as facial western individualism exhibits the features and expressions and body structures coexistence of favorable and could be related to a person’s character or unfavorable conditions inherent in personality. personal freedom.  In ancient Greece, Hippocrates 4. Western Self As Materialistic And developed a theory based on the Rationalistic- the western way of prominence of body fluids. The theory thinking is focused on material things suggests that an excess of or deficiency and favors a rational-empirical approach in any of the four bodily fluids (or over magical and superstitious humors) in a person influences their explanations of immaterial things. personality, temperament, and well- The Self in Four Great Systems of Eastern being Thought   The sanguine type- has the prominence  In females, these characteristics include of red bile. They tend to be impulsive, the vagina, uterus, and ovaries. cheerful, happy and optimistic.  In males, these characteristics include  The melancholic type- has the the penis, testes or testicles, scrotum, prominence of black bile. They tend to and prostate gland. be depressed and pessimistic. Secondary Sex Characteristics- develop during  The choleric type- has the prominence the onset of puberty. of yellow bile. They are easily angry, jumpy, and temperamental.  For women, in puberty they would  The phlegmatic type- has excess observe some enlargement of breasts, phlegm. They tend to be sluggish, dull onset of menstruation, widening of the and slow. hips, enlargement of buttocks, and  William Sheldon- developed a body- growth of pubic hair. type theory based on physical  For men, in puberty they would observe characteristics. testicular growth, sperm production,  The three body types are: appearance of facial, pubic, and other  Endomorphic type- it is soft and body hair, and deepening of voice are plump. People with this body type are some of the first signs of puberty in men. easy going and sociable.  Mesomorphic type- characterized by a Reproductive System- is a system of sex organs strong muscular body. People with this designed for reproduction and sexual function. body type are energetic, adventurous, Erogenous Zones- are areas of the body which assertive, and courageous. are highly sensitive and produce sexual  Ectomorphic type- is tall and thin. responses when stimulated. E.g. gentials, mouth, People with this body type tend to be breasts, ears, anus and the entire surface of the restrained, quiet, introverted and body. artistic. The Phases of Sexual Response Body Image- refers to how individuals perceive, think, and feel about their body and physical  The excitement phase- the beginning of appearance. sexual arousal and can last from one minute to several hours. Appearance- refers to everything about a  The plateau phase- the changes in the person that others can observe such as height, body continue weight, skin, color, clothes, and hairstyle.  The orgasmic phase- contractions of The Importance of Beauty the muscles in and around the penis stimulate the release of the semen which  Different cultures have different contains sperm cells. definitions and perceptions of beauty.  The resolution phase- the body returns People often say that beauty is in the eye to its normal state after orgasm. of the beholder.  The fact that a number of Filipinas have Social Exchange Theory- proposed that won international beauty contests shows attraction is the result of an exchange process. that Filipinas are among the women Sexual Orientation- refers to a person’s sexual who are perceived to be most beautiful identity anchored on what gender they are in the world. attracted to. ---------------------------------------------------------- Heterosexuality- one is sexually attracted to THE SEXUAL SELF members of the opposite sex. Primary Sex Characteristics- are physical Homosexuality- one who is sexually attracted characteristics present at birth. to the same sex. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)/ Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs- are contracted primarily through sexual contact Consumer Culture- is a social system in (vaginal, oral, or anal sex) which consumption is dominated by the consumption of commercial products.  STIs commonly include human immunodeficiency virus/acquired Consumerism- the consumption of material immunodeficiency syndrome goods and services in excess of one’s basic (HIV/AIDS), gonorrhea, syphilis, needs. Chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts. Contraception- refers to methods that are used to prevent pregnancy. The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012/Reproductive Health Law or RH Law - Guarantees universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal core. - The RH Law provides for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and other STIs/STDs - The RH law aims to keep couples and women especially, well-informed about available family planning methods that they can freely use depending on their needs and beliefs. ------------------------------------------------------ THE MATERIAL SELF  The basic component of the material self includes the body  Another component of the material self is the clothes that people wear.  Apart from clothes, the material component of the self include one’s house, car, pets and other things that he or she considers as his or her possession. Possessions- are symbol of one’s social status. Cars, gadgets, houses, and clothes are to some the most valuable possessions because they are most visible in the eyes of others. Materialism- refers to giving importance to material possessions than intangible values. Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD)- which is characterized by an obsession with shopping and buying behaviors that can cause adverse consequences.