MIDTERM-LESSON PDF

VERB (LINKING VERB, AUXILIARY VERB, MODAL VERBS, SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT) VERB Your perfume smells like rose. Joswa smells the freshly baked cookies. DEFINITION action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. EXAMPLE: Symon eats the mangoes in the fridge....

VERB (LINKING VERB, AUXILIARY VERB, MODAL VERBS, SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT) VERB Your perfume smells like rose. Joswa smells the freshly baked cookies. DEFINITION action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. EXAMPLE: Symon eats the mangoes in the fridge. Your perfume smells like rose. Joswa smells the freshly baked cookies. LINKING VERB ▪ VERBS “to be”. ▪ “State of being” – Fancy term. ▪ Describes who, what, or how something is. am is were be Josh was talking. are was being been Jam is a student. Jam looked at me. smells, looks, tastes, feels, appears, becomes, seems, Jam looks shy. remains. AUXILIARY VERB ▪ Denotes when or how something happen. ▪ It is also called as HELPING VERBS. ▪ It always come right next to the other verbs. ▪ It can never be by themselves. Has Does Tomorrow, I will be happy. Have Did Had Shall Do Will The students (has, have) been studying for a year to pass the UPCAT exam. should, would, may, might, must, can, could. MODAL - AUXILIARY VERB ▪ It serves as “helpers” to give more meaning. ▪ It expresses ideas such as necessity, intention, ability, probability, and possibility. ▪ Each of these verbs, if we used it in a sentence the meaning changes. Can Must Could Should May Would Might Will MODAL - AUXILIARY VERB ▪ It serves as “helpers” to give more meaning. ▪ It expresses idea such as necessity, intention, ability, probability, and possibility. ▪ Each of these verbs, if we used it in a sentence the meaning changes. Can Must MUST SHOULD Could Should Obligations/rules. General May Would Negative advice/recommendations. Might Will terms/contractions. Negative Strong advice. terms/contractions. Conclusions/assumptions. Expectations. MODAL - AUXILLARY VERB CAN COULD Strong possibility. Weak possibility. Informal Polite requests/permission. requests/permission. Present or general Past ability. ability. CAN NOT/ CANNOT MIGHT MAY Lower possibility. Higher possibility. Formal requests/permission. MODAL - AUXILLARY VERB WILL WOULD Past Tense of Will. Simple future. Negative/Contractions. Requesting. Humble request. Negative/Contractions. Reported speech. Promises. Habitual actions. Predictions about the future. OTHER VERBS TRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE It requires an object. It doesn’t require an object. NO OBJECT OBJECT Flowers need water and sunlight. Josh talks loudly. I forgave you. I walked all day. DITRANSITIVE It takes two objects (direct and indirect object). She sent an email to me. DO IO SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT Subjects and verbs must agree in number. Basic Rule 1. The pronoun “YOU” used as a subject always lie with plural form of the verb You should talk to them. You are responsible for this mistakes. 2. Compound subjects take plural form. The doctors and nurses are distributing medicine. 3. If the subject consist of two nouns, and each of these is preceded by the article the, the verb must be plural. But if the second noun is not preceded by the, the verb must be singular. The manager and the owner of the company are present in the meeting. The manager and owner of the company is present in the meeting. 4. Compound subjects modifies by each and every are singular. Each male and female wears I.D inside the school. Every teacher and principal is a guidance counselor. 5. When compound subjects are joined by or, nor, either or, neither nor, the verb agrees with the subject near to it. Neither the President nor the officers have come. Either Jim or his friends are volunteering to clean the mess. 6. Words like somebody, something, everybody, everything, someone take a singular verb; all, both, some, several, many, few take a plural verb. Everybody finds the food on the platter pungent. Some are interested in culinary arts. 7. Nouns ending in “s” but singular in meaning are singular. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease. 8. When regarded as a unit a collective noun is singular. When regarded as individuals a collective noun is plural. The committee stands firm to impose its decision. The audience are clapping their hands after each member. 9. When preceded by article “A” the subject number is plural. But when preceded by the article “THE” the subject matter is singular. A number of parents are coming for the meeting. The number of the absentees from the English plus is reduced. 10. The positive, not the negative, idea in the sentence agrees in number with the verb. The customers, not Mr. Lee, are the best ones to tell the truth about the taste of the food. She, not I, is responsible. 11. An amount of money, space of time or a unit of measurement even in plural form take singular verb. 3 meters of clothes makes a dress for a size. 2 billion dollars is a lot 12. Nouns denoting quantity, fraction, percentage, currency take singular verbs, but if they are followed by the phrase “of the”, the object of the phrase determines the number of the verb. Sixty percent wants the French service for the special occasion. Sixty percent of the waiters want it cancelled. 13. Nouns in pairs take plural verb, except if the expression “a pair of” is used. These scissors don’t cut well. A pair of scissors is bend. 14. “Many” is plural; “Many a” is singular. Many object to the new government policies in HRM. Many a restaurateur objects to the new rules on HRM.