MIDTERM HISTORY 2024 PDF

1. What was the primary objective of the Philippine Commonwealth established in 1935? A) To continue U.S. rule indefinitely B) To prepare the Philippines for independence C) To encourage migration to Mindanao D) To promote Filipino collaboration with Japan 2. What is "Filipinization" in the context...

1. What was the primary objective of the Philippine Commonwealth established in 1935? A) To continue U.S. rule indefinitely B) To prepare the Philippines for independence C) To encourage migration to Mindanao D) To promote Filipino collaboration with Japan 2. What is "Filipinization" in the context of U.S. colonization of the Philippines? A) The promotion of American officials to key positions B) The process of making American laws applicable to Filipinos C) The policy of placing Filipinos in positions of responsibility and granting them more autonomy D) The settlement of Filipino Christians in Mindanao 3. What was the main focus of the petition letter against Governor-General Leonard Wood? A) Support for American sovereignty in the Philippines B) Criticism of Wood's economic policies C) Opposition to the military occupation of Mindanao D) Protesting Wood's "usurpations" and arbitrary acts as governor-general 4. How did Governor-General Wood anger Filipino leaders during his tenure? A) By granting independence to the Philippines B) By refusing to allow Filipinos to investigate Ray Conley, a police chief accused of corruption C) By increasing taxes on Filipino businesses D) By supporting the Japanese occupation 5. Which U.S. law created the Commonwealth and paved the way for Philippine independence? A) Philippine Autonomy Act B) Tydings-McDuffie Act C) Public Land Act D) Treaty of Paris 6. The Public Land Acts of 1903 and 1936 institutionalized which land ownership system in the Philippines? A) Sabil warfare B) The cotta system C) Torrens system D) Homesteading program 7. Who was the president of the Philippine Commonwealth when World War II broke out? A) José P. Laurel B) Emilio Aguinaldo C) Sergio Osmeña D) Manuel L. Quezon 8. What major event disrupted the 10-year Commonwealth period in the Philippines? A) The Philippine-American War B) The Japanese invasion during World War II C) The Philippine Revolution D) The assassination of José Rizal 9. What was the Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (Kalibapi)? A) A U.S.-backed political party B) A Filipino political party during the Japanese occupation C) A group advocating for Philippine independence from the U.S. D) A rebel movement in Mindanao 10. Which Filipino leader famously said, "I would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos than a government run like heaven by Americans"? A) Emilio Aguinaldo B) José P. Laurel C) Manuel L. Quezon D) Andres Bonifacio 11. How did U.S. colonial policy handle Mindanao and its Muslim population during this period? A) Integrated Muslims fully into the Philippine government B) Established the Bates Treaty to guarantee Moro autonomy C) Encouraged Filipino settlers to move into Mindanao through homesteading policies D) Allowed Moros to maintain complete independence 12. What did the petition letter claim about the earlier years of American colonial rule in the Philippines? A) They were marked by constant conflict between Filipinos and Americans B) They were characterized by mutual understanding and cooperation C) They were seen as a failure by Filipino leaders D) They were focused solely on exploiting Filipino resources 13. What was the purpose of the U.S. government's homesteading policy in Mindanao? A) To build industrial cities B) To grant lands to the Moro people C) To integrate the Moros and indigenous peoples by encouraging settlers from Luzon and Visayas to relocate D) To create military bases for the U.S. forces 14. Under the Public Land Act of 1903, how many hectares could a homesteader initially apply for? A) 10 hectares B) 16 hectares C) 24 hectares D) 50 hectares 14. What was one major reason that few people applied for homesteads in Mindanao before 1919? A) Mindanao was already densely populated B) The region was rural, undeveloped, and subject to Moro resistance C) Land prices were too high D) The Public Land Act only applied to Christian provinces 15. How did the Commonwealth Act No. 141 of 1936 change the homesteading policy? A) It limited land ownership to Christian Filipinos B) It allowed citizens to apply for up to 24 hectares of land C) It stopped the homesteading program entirely D) It only applied to military personnel 16. What was Salipada Pendatun’s proposed solution to the injustices faced by the Moros under the homesteading program? A) Complete abolition of the homesteading policy B) The appointment of a Moro official to oversee land distribution C) Mass protests against the U.S. government D) Establishment of military resistance against settlers 17. What is the definition of neocolonialism? A) Military control of less-developed countries by developed nations B) Economic and political influence over less-developed countries by developed nations C) Cultural exchange between developed and developing nations D) Complete independence from foreign control 18. What global event significantly shaped the postwar relationship between the United States and the Philippines? A) World War I B) The Cold War C) The Korean War D) The Vietnam War 19. What was the main concern of the United States regarding the Philippines in the 1950 CIA report? A) Economic self-sufficiency B) Corruption in the government C) The rise of Communist forces D) Growth of agriculture 20. Who led the Huk Rebellion in Central Luzon, according to the lesson? A) Filipino politicians B) American military C) Communist peasants D) Landowners 21. In the 1950 CIA Intelligence Memorandum, what was identified as one of the biggest challenges for the Philippine Armed Forces? A) Lack of equipment B) Low morale and ineffective leadership C) Shortage of soldiers D) Weak foreign alliances 22. Which economic issue did the CIA note in the Philippines' postwar situation? A) Rapid industrialization B) Deteriorating financial position C) Rising agrarian wealth D) Self-sufficiency in foreign trade 23. How did the CIA describe the political situation under President Quirino in 1950? A) Corrupt and inefficient B)Stable and progressive C) Democratic and free D) Militaristic and oppressive 24. What did the CIA consider as one of the major sources of Huk weapons? A) International arms trade B) Local arms manufacturers C) Theft and seizure from government forces D) Foreign Communist nations 25. Why did the Huks have significant support from local peasants, according to the CIA? A) They promised better wages B) They were seen as liberators C) Sympathetic peasants contributed food and clothing willingly D) They offered free education 26. What did the CIA predict would happen if the Philippines’ political instability continued for another decade? A) The economy would stabilize B) Pro-Communist forces might seize power C) The Philippines would become a major world power D) The United States would withdraw all support 27. What event led Corazon Aquino to become president of the Philippines? A. EDSA People Power Revolution B. Communist insurgency C. Assassination of Ferdinand Marcos D. Coup by military officers 28. Who was Corazon Aquino's husband, a prominent opposition figure against Ferdinand Marcos? A. Ferdinand Marcos B. Manuel Roxas C. Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. D. Jose Laurel 29. In her speech, Aquino attributes the peaceful revolution to what major event? A. Assassination of Ferdinand Marcos B. Assassination of Ninoy Aquino C. Marcos declaring martial law Philippine economic collapse 30. What was the primary message Aquino delivered to the U.S. Congress regarding the communist insurgency? A. Peace must be prioritized, but force might be necessary to defend democracy. B. The insurgency should be crushed at all costs. C. The insurgents must be left alone D. Immediate military action is the only solution. 31. What key topic did Aquino address regarding the Philippines’ foreign debt? A. The country will refuse to pay the debt. B. The debt was legitimate and fully justified. C. The debt must be honored despite the people not benefiting from it. D. The U.S. should forgive the debt. Answer: C. The debt must be honored despite the people not benefiting from it. 32. How did Corazon Aquino view the role of democracy in her government? A. As something secondary to economic stability B. As the primary principle of governance C. As an outdated system D. As irrelevant in the fight against communism 33. In her speech, Aquino emphasizes the importance of what constitutional element? A. Economic reforms B. Military power C. Bill of Rights D. Free trade agreements 34. What strategy did Aquino propose for dealing with the communist insurgency? A. Total military suppression B. Political reintegration and peace negotiations C. Ignoring their demands D. Building alliances with other countries 35. According to Aquino, what was one of the key problems faced by the post-dictatorship Philippines? A. Foreign invasion B. Extreme nationalism C. Economic deterioration due to debt D. Internal political stability 36. What did Aquino say about the EDSA revolution in her speech? A. It was violent but necessary. B. It was a bloody revolution. C. It was a peaceful and democratic movement. D. It was supported by external military forces. 37. What did Corazon Aquino ask the U.S. Congress regarding the assistance to the Philippines? A. To reduce the foreign debt B. To help preserve the newly restored democracy C. To send military aid D. To fund industrial projects 38. Why did Corazon Aquino emphasize the restoration of democracy in the Philippines? A. It showed the Philippines' military strength. B. It was necessary to restore civil liberties. C. It was required by international law. D. It would help the Philippines gain more foreign investments. 39. What parallel did Aquino draw between her presidency and Abraham Lincoln? A. Both leaders prioritized democracy. B. Both used war to maintain power. C. Both suspended civil liberties. D. Both opposed foreign intervention. 40. How did Aquino describe the foreign debt inherited from the Marcos regime? A. A justified financial obligation B. A burden imposed by corrupt governance C. A sign of a strong economy D. A reason for international isolation 41. What did Aquino say was the Filipino people's main demand during her campaign? A. More jobs B. Higher wages C. Democracy D. Better healthcare 42. Which of the following was a major goal of the Katipunan (KKK)? A. To establish a new form of colonial rule B. To fight for Philippine independence from Spain C. To support the Spanish colonial government D. To collaborate with British occupiers 43. What was one of the assumptions about the Filipino resistance against colonization according to the lesson introduction? A. The colonizers had an easy time imposing the Catholic faith B. All historical figures were corrupt C. Filipinos resisted Spanish rule right from the start D. The Katipuneros worked alongside the Spanish 44, What event prompted Diego Silang to start his revolt? A) The Propaganda Movement B) The British Occupation of Manila C) The rise of the KKK D) The death of his wife Gabriela 45. Which of the following was NOT one of Diego Silang's initial demands to the Spanish authorities? A) Abolition of personal services B) Expulsion of all Spaniards and Spanish mestizos C) Establishment of an independent Ilocano republic D) Replacement of the alcalde mayor TEST II- TRUE or FALSE  Pigafetta mentioned the river in his account of Butuan. False. The river, a crucial aspect of Butuan's geography, was curiously omitted in Pigafetta's account.  Magellan and his crew celebrated Mass on Mazaua Island on Easter Sunday, March 31. True. They celebrated Mass on Mazaua Island on Easter Sunday, March 31.  The survivors of Magellan's expedition visited Mindanao and Butuan after Magellan's death. True. After Magellan's death, the survivors visited Mindanao and Butuan, where Pigafetta described a trip up a river.  The journey from Mazaua to Cebu took one day. False. The journey from Mazaua to Cebu took three days, as they passed by several islands.  The authenticity of Rizal’s retraction document has been doubted due to the lack of multiple eyewitness accounts. True. Doubts exist regarding the authenticity of Rizal’s retraction due to the reliance on a single eyewitness account. Historical interpretation is static and does not change even with new evidence. Answer: False Explanation: Historical interpretation is tentative and subject to change as new information and sources are uncovered. Oversimplification of historical events can lead to an incomplete and inaccurate understanding of the past. Answer: True Explanation: Oversimplification reduces the complexity of historical events, potentially distorting the full picture of what happened. The account of the Battle of Mactan by Pigafetta is an example of using primary sources to understand historical events. Answer: True Explanation: Pigafetta's account is a primary source that provides a firsthand description of the Battle of Mactan. Lapulapu personally killed Magellan during the Battle of Mactan. Answer: False Explanation: While Lapulapu led the forces, accounts suggest that Magellan was killed by warriors under his command, not by Lapulapu himself. Historians base their interpretations solely on the available sources without considering any other factors. Answer: False Explanation: Historians' interpretations are affected by various factors, including the quality and completeness of the evidence and the historian's perspective.  For three centuries, Butuan was believed to be the site of the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines. Answer: True Explanation: Butuan was believed to be the site of the first Mass until more nuanced readings of primary sources revealed otherwise.  Historians now rely solely on Pigafetta's account to determine the site of the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines. Answer: False Explanation: Historians refer to both Pigafetta’s and Francisco Albo’s accounts to identify the site of the first Mass.  Albo's log mentions the planting of a cross but does not explicitly mention the first Catholic Mass. Answer: True Explanation: Albo’s log mentions the planting of a cross but not the celebration of the first Mass.  The island identified as 'Mazava' in Albo's log fits the location of Limasawa, where the first Mass is believed to have taken place. Answer: True Explanation: Albo’s description of 'Mazava' aligns with the geographical location of Limasawa.  Magellan's expedition stayed on the island of Homonhon for only two days before continuing their journey. Answer: False Explanation: Magellan’s expedition stayed on Homonhon for eight days, from 17 March to 25 March.