Pathophysiology Midterm 2 2023 Vipps 2277 PDF

Pathophysiology Midterm 2 – 2023 Vipps: 2277 1. A 15-year-old man has had abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea for 6 months. A biopsy specimen of the colon shows mucosal architectural alteration with c...

Pathophysiology Midterm 2 – 2023 Vipps: 2277 1. A 15-year-old man has had abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea for 6 months. A biopsy specimen of the colon shows mucosal architectural alteration with chronic inflammation, deep lymphoid aggregates, and deep fissures extending into the muscularis propria. Multiple granulomas are identified within the lamina propria. Which of the following statements regarding this case is correct: a) This is disease exclusively involving the colon, the disease process does not usually involve other parts of the gastrointestinal tract b) The majority of patients are positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA) c) The disease causes complications such as toxic megacolon d) There are no genetic predisposing factors for this disease e) The disease can cause malabsorption of nutrients that can affect growth and development 2. A 55-year-old woman has noted fever and right-sided flank pain for the past 3 days. A urinalysis reveals normal specific gravity 1.010, pH 7.5, no glucose, no protein, no ketones, and 1+ blood. Many WBCs and WBC casts are seen on urine microscopic examination. An abdominal radiograph reveals a radiopaque calculus that forms a cast of a dilated right renal collecting system. A urine culture grows Proteus vulgaris. Which of the following crystals is most likely to be seen in large numbers on microscopic urinalysis in this woman? a) Uric acid b) Calcium oxalate c) Magnesium ammonium phosphate d) Cystine e) Calcium phosphate dihydrate 3. Baby Angela was rushed to the Emergency Room following her mother's complaint that the infant has been irritable, difficult to breastfeed, and has had diarrhea for the past 3 days. The infant's respiratory rate is elevated. ABG (arterialblood gas) results show pH 7.39, PaCO2 = 27 mmHg, and HCO3 = 19 mEq/L What does this mean?(Normal HCO3 22-26 mEq/I. Normal CO, 35-45 mmHg) a) Respiratory Alkalosis, Fully Compensated b) Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated c) Metabolic Acidosis, Fully Compensated d) dRespiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated e) Respiratory Acidosis, Fully Compensated 4. A 29-year-old female present with weight loss, fatigue, and diarrhea. She undergoes endoscopy, and biopsy specimen from the duodenum is obtained. After reviewing the microscopic findings, the patient is put on a special diet that excludes wheat and rye. After changing diet, she shows significant improvement. What is the characteristic histologic feature of her biopsy? a) Extensive superficial ulceration and loss of mucosal structure  b) Noncaseating granulomas c) Foam macrophages in the lamina propria d) Villus shortening and intraepithelial lymphocytosis e) Gastric metaplasia o mucosal epithelium 5. A 43-year-old man has had mid epigastric pain and nausea for the past 2 months. On physical examination he has no abnormal findings. On upper Glendoscopy a solitary sharply demarcated 2-m shallow gastric antral ulcer is seen. Which of the following laboratory test findings is most likely to be present in this man? a) Gastric achlorhydria b) Positive serology for antinuclear antibody c) Positive urea breath test d) Increased plasma cortisol e) Elevated serum gastrin 6. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of black pigment gallstones? a) Hereditary Spherocytosis b) Obesity c) Pregnancy d) Bile infection e) Hyperlipidemia 7. Complications in cirrhosis are: a) congestive heart failure b) ascites c) hepatic encephalopathy d) coagulopathies (bleeding disorders) e) perianal/rectal varices f) acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 b) 2, 3, 5, 6 c) 2,3,4,5 d) 2,3,4 e) 1, 2, 3, 6 8. A 31-year-old man with no past medical history is generally feeling unwell. He reports a recent illness with fever, myalgia, and fatigue. He reports that his skin become more yellow during this illness. He had no abdominal pain and the fevers have now settled. He works in an office and has no recent travel history. On examination you noticed scleral icterus but nothing else to note. What is the most likely diagnosis? Hb 140g (130-180g/I) ALT 24U/L (