Female Reproductive System Anatomy Lecture PDF

ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr. Mohamed Tawfik OBG Lecturer  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the...

ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr. Mohamed Tawfik OBG Lecturer  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERINE TUBE OVAR UTERUS Y V A G POSTERIOR VIEW I N A  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system.  PELVIC PERITONEUM IN FEMALE BROAD LIGAMENT Rectouterine (Douglas) pouch: Reflection of peritoneum from rectum to upper part of posterior surface of vagina Uterovesical (vesicouterine) pouch: Reflection of peritoneum from uterus to upper surface of urinary Broad bladder ligament of uterus: Extension of peritoneum from lateral wall of uterus to lateral PELVIC PERITONEUM IN FEMALE  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system.  THE OVARIES BROAD LIGAMENT Female pelvic organs (Posterior view) It is an almond-shaped organ. It is attached to the back of the broad ligament by a peritoneal fold (mesovarium) Its medial end is attached to uterus by  ligament of end Its lateral ovary. is related to the fimbriae of  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system. It is 10 cm long. THE UTERINE It is enclosed in the (FALLOPIAN) TUBES broad ligament of uterus. It is divided into: 2 1) Intramural part: 1 3 4 opening into the uterine wall X 2) Isthmus: narrowest part 3) Ampulla: widest part (site of fertilization) 4) Infundibulum: funnel-shaped end, has finger-like processes (fimbriae), related to ovary  FUNCTION OF: OVARIES: PRIMARY SEX ORGANS IN FEMALE 1) Production of female germ cells 2) Secretion of female sex hormones UTERINE TUBES: 1) Site of fertilization 2) Transport of fertilized ovum into the uterus  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system.  THE 2’ UTERUS A hollow, pear- 3’ shaped muscular 1’ organ Divided into: 1. Fundus: no cavity 2. Body: cavity is triangular 3. Cervix: cavity is Fundus fusiform, divided into: Body *Supravaginal part *Vaginal part  THE UTERUS FUNDUS: The part of uterus above the level of uterine tubes BODY: The part of uterus from the level of uterine tube to the level of the isthmus of uterus CERVIX: The part of the uterus below the level of the isthmus of the uterus  THE CERVICAL CANAL Multiparous Nulliparous INTERNAL OS: opening between cavity of body of uterus & cavity of cervix (cervical canal) EXTERNAL OS: opening between cervical canal & cavity of vagina In a nulliparous woman: external os appears circular. In a multiparous woman: external os appears as a transverse slit with an anterior & a posterior lip.  RELATIONS OF UTERUS  FUNDUS + BODY + SUPRAVAGINAL PART OF CERVIX: 1. Anterior: superior surface of urinary bladder 2. Posterior: sigmoid colon 3. Lateral: uterine artery  VAGINAL PART OF CERVIX: surrounded by vaginal fornices 1. Anterior: anterior fornix of vagina 2. Posterior: posterior fornix of vagina 3. Lateral: lateral fornices of vagina FUNCTION OF UTERUS  POSITIONS OF UTERUS ANTEVERTED UTERUS ANTEFLEXED UTERUS Long axis of whole uterus is bent Long axis of body of uterus is bent forward on long axis of vagina forward on long axis of cervix  POSITIONS OF UTERUS RETROVERTED UTERUS RETROFLEXED UTERUS undus & body of uterus are bent backward Long axis of body of uterus is bent on the vagina and lie in rectouterine pouch backward on long axis of cervix USUAL POSITION OF UTERUS ANTEVERTED ANTEFLEXED UTERUS  LIGAMENTS OF UTERUS 1)Ligaments at junction between fundus & body of uterus (At the level of uterine tube) 2 xtends through inguinal canal o labium majus 1  LIGAMENTS OF UTERUS 2)Ligaments of cervix Extend from cervix to: anterior (pubocervical), lateral (transverse cervical or cardinal) posterior (uterosacral or sacrocervical) pelvic walls  LEVATOR ANI MUSCLES FORM THE PELVIC FLOOR: separate pelvis from perineum FORM PELVIC DIAPHRAGM: traversed by urethra, vagina & rectum Urethra Levator SUPPORT PELVIC ORGANS ani Vagina Urethra Rectum Rectum Vagina  SUPPORT OF UTERUS ligament of uterus (maintains anteverted anteflexed ents of cervix (especially transverse cervical) r ani muscles UTERINE PROLAPSE Downward dispalcement of uterus due to damage 1.Ligaments of uterus 2.Levator ani muscles  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system.  VAGINA STRUCTURE: Fibro-muscular tube EXTENT: From external os, along pelvis & perineum, to open in the vulva (female external genitalia), behind urethral opening LENGTH: Its anterior wall (7.5 cm) is shorter than its posterior wall (9 cm) FUNCTION: 1) Copulatory organ & 2) Birth  RELATIONS OF VAGINA ANTERIOR: Urinary bladder (in pelvis) & urethra (in perineum) POSTERIOR: Rectum (in pelvis) & anal canal (in perineum) ARTERIAL SUPPLY From abdominal aorta From internal iliac artery (Artery of pelvis)  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should:  List the organs of female reproductive system.  Describe the pelvic peritoneum in female.  Describe the position and relations of the ovaries.  List the parts of the uterine tube.  Describe the anatomy of uterus regarding: subdivisions, cavity, relations, ligaments & main support.  Describe the anatomy of vagina regarding: structure, extent, length & relations.  Describe the supply (arteries, veins, lymph, nerves) of female reproductive system. ORGAN ARTERIES VEINS LYMPHATI NERVES CS (AUTONO MIC) OVARIES OVARIAN OVARIAN TO OVARIAN (ABDOMIN (TO PARAAORT PLEXUS AL AORTA) INFERIOR IC LYMPH (IN VENA NODES (IN ABDOMEN CAVA & ABDOMEN ) LEFT ) RENAL VEIN) UTERINE OVARIAN OVARIAN PARAAOR OVARIAN TUBES UTERINE UTERINE TIC INFERIOR INTERNAL HYPOGAST ILIAC RIC UTERUS UTERINE UTERINE TO INFERIOR (INTERNAL PLEXUS INTERNAL HYPOGAST ILIAC (TO ILIAC RIC ARTERY IN INTERNAL LYMPH PLEXUS PELVIS) ILIAC NODES (IN (IN VEIN) PELVIS) PELVIS) Female External Genitalia  QUESTION 1 Regarding the female reproductive organs, which one of the following statement is correct? 1. The ampulla is the most medial part of the uterine tube. 2. The rectum is anterior to the vagina. 3. The ovarian artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery of the pelvis. 4. The uterine tube is enclosed in the broad ligament of the uterus.  QUESTION 2 Which one of the following structures is related (or attached) to the lateral end of the ovary? 1. Fimbriae of uterine tube 2. Ampulla of uterine tube 3. Ligament of ovary 4. Round ligament of uterus  QUESTION 3 Which one of the following structures is anterior to the uterus? 1. Urinary bladder 2. Ureter 3. Sigmoid colon 4. Ovary