Anatomy And Physiology of Productive System PDF

Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system Female Productive System ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﻧﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺛوي‬ External Genetalia (The vulva refers to those parts) ‫اﻷﻋﺿﺎء اﻻﻧﺛوﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ‬ 1- pubis Mons ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ 2- Labia Mijora ‫ﺷﻔرﺗﯾن ﻛﺑﯾرﯾن‬...

Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system Female Productive System ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﻧﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺛوي‬ External Genetalia (The vulva refers to those parts) ‫اﻷﻋﺿﺎء اﻻﻧﺛوﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ‬ 1- pubis Mons ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ 2- Labia Mijora ‫ﺷﻔرﺗﯾن ﻛﺑﯾرﯾن‬ 3- Labia Minora ‫ﺷﻔرﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯾرﯾن‬ 4- Clitoris ‫ﺑظر‬ 5- Prenium ‫اﻟﻌﺟﺎن‬ 6- The Vestibule 1- Pubis Mons Also called Mons veneris, Covered by skin And Hair After(Puberty) – Mass of Fat It be over Symphysis Pubis The function of Mons pubis is to protect the pelvic bones, especially during sexual intercourse. 2- Labia Mijora These are two rounded, fleshy folds of fat The chief function of is to protect the structure lying between them. 3- Labia Minora These are 2 erectile tissue folds / swells during sexual arousal Located inside the labia majora They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system 4- Clitoris At the apex of labia minora is a hooded body composed of erectile tissue called clitoris It is very rich in blood and nerve supplies and allows the women to experience sexual pleasure & orgasm during sexual stimulation. 5- The Vestibule Includes : The Urethral Orifice ‫ﻓﺗﺣﺔ اﻟﺑول‬ The Vaginal Orifice ‫ﻓﺗﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﮭﺑل‬ The Hymen ‫ﻏﺷﺎء اﻟﺑﻛﺎري‬ The Bartholin Glands : not visible and palpation just can see it during infection Funciton Of Bartholin Gland is (Lubricant During Sexual Stimulaiton ) >> These glands secrete mucus that is clear with an alkaline pH that enhances the viability and motility of the sperm deposited in the vaginal vestibule. 6- Perineum ‫اﻟﻌﺟﺎن‬ The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to touch Internal Genatalia ‫اﻷﻋﺿﺎء اﻻﻧﺛوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬ 1- Vagina ‫ﻣﮭﺑل‬ 2- Cervix ‫ﻋﻧﻖ اﻟرﺣم‬ 3- Uterus ‫اﻟرﺣم‬ 4- Fallopian Tube ‫ﻗﻧﺎة ﻓﺎﻟوب‬ 5- Ovaries ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎﯾض‬  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system Some Notice >> Vaginal Canal Is Acidic Environment Anterior Wall 7.5 Cm Posterior Wall 9 Cm 1- Vagina Functions 1- As a passageway for the menstrual flow 2- As the birth canal during labor 3- With the help of two Bartholin ‘s glands become lubricated during sexual intercourse As Receive the Penis And ejected sperms 2- Cervix The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus >>>> This dilation is a sign that labor has begun 3- Uterus A pear shaped organ about the size of a clenched fist It is made up of the 1- Endometrium ‫اﻟﺑطﺎﻧﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠٌﯾﺔ‬ 2- Myometrium ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺿﻠٌﺔ‬ 3- Perimetrium ‫اﻟﻐﺷﺎء اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ Consists of blood-enriched tissue that sloughs off each month during menstrual cycle  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system 4- Fallopian Tube Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm It consists of 4 parts : 1- Interstitial part 2- Isthmus 3- Ampulla : Is the widened lateral area of the tube where fertilization normally occurs 4- Infundibulum 5- Ovaries The female gonads or sex glands They develop and expel an ovum each month A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for Fertilization The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and Estorgen These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system Menstrual cycle ‫اﻟدورة اﻟﺷﮭرﯾﺔ‬ Definition: Menarche: the onset of menstruation signals the bodily changes that transform a female body Menstrual cycle : Cyclic changes in the endometrium caused by estrogen and progesterone Average Age is 12.8 Amount of bleeding varies from woman to woman Expulsion of blood clots Blood color can vary from bright red to dark maroon days 32 to 25 every occurs Women can experience fluid retention, cramping, mood swings, weight gain, breast tenderness, diarrhea, and constipation control by hormones: It is a hypothalamus pituitary ovarian axis hypothalamus releases GnRH that stimulates pituitary pituitary produces 1- Follicle -stimulating Hormone (FSH) Ovum maturation in follicles inside ovaries Estorgen production in ovaries 2- luteinizing hormone (LH) Stimulates release of mature ovum  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system Stimulates development of corpus luteum(‫)اﻟﺟﺳم اﻻﺻﻔر‬, the progesterone-secreting part of the follicle that remains after egg is released. Negative feed back mechanism ‫اﻟدورة اﻟﺷﮭرﯾﺔ ﺗﺷﻣل ارﺑﻊ ﻣراﺣﻠﺔ وھﻣﺎ‬ 1- Menstrual phase ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺷﮭرﯾﺔ‬ Starts with 1st day of menstrual cycle Lasts for 4-5 days Functional layer of uterine wall is sloughed off and discarded with the menstrual flow Blood discharge from vagina is combined with small pieces of endometrial tissue Decidua functional is: 2/3 superficial, proliferate and shed each cycle Decidua basalis: deepest region, source of endometrial regeneration after each menses 2- Proliferative phase ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﻛﺎﺛرﯾﺔ‬ Is a phase of repair and proliferation Last for 9 days Controlled by estrogen secreted by follicles 2 -3 mm increase in thickness of endometrium Endometrium thickens under the influence of estrogen and progesterone 3- Secretory phase ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻹﻓرازﯾﺔ‬  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system It begins with ovulation and end with menstruation + If Fertilization occurs Fertilized ovum implants in endometrium on about 6th day of this phase HCG hormone secreted by syncytiotrophoblast keeps the corpus luteum secreting estrogen and progesterone ‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﮭم ھرﻣون ال اﺗش ﺳﻲ ﺟﻲ ھو ھرﻣون ﺗﻧﺗﺟﮫ اﻟﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺷﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﯾﻣﺔ اﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺣﻣل ﯾﻠﻌب دورا أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎز ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺟﺳم اﻷﺻﻔر ﺣﺗﻲ ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻣرار ﻓﻲ اﻧﺗﺎج ھرﻣون اﻟﺑروﺟﯾﺳﺗرون ﻓﻲ اول ﺛﻼث اﺷﮭر ﻣن اﻟﺣﻣل ﺣﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻛﺗﻣل‬ + IF Fertilization doesn’t occur No (HCG) Hormone Corpus luteum degenerates Estrogen and progesterone levels fall Secretory endometrium enters an ischemic phase Menstrual occurs 4- Ischemic phase Decreased levels of estrogen & progesterone Stoppage of glandular secretion Marked shriking of endometrium ‫اﻧﻛﻣﺎش ﻣﻠﺣوظ ﺑﺑطﺎﻧﺔ اﻟرﺣم‬ Rupture of damaged vessel wall ‫ﺗﻣزق ﺟدار اﻻوﻋﯾﺔ‬ Blood seeps into the surrounding connective tissues  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system Ovulation ‫اﻹﺑﺎﺿﺔ‬ It occurs around mid-cycle about 14 days in a 28 day menstrual cycle Ovarian follicle undergoes sudden growth spurt (burst) under the influence of FSH & LH These hormones prepare endometrium for implantation of Fertilized Ovum (Blastocyst) Ovariancycle : FSH and LH produce cyclic changes in ovaries Ovarian Phases 1- FOLLICULAR PHASE  Anatomy And Physiology of Productive system the primordial follicles start to grow under the effect of FSH. Only one reaches the maturity and called Graafian follicle. the grown follicle secrete steroidal hormon ‫ﺗﺻل اﻟﻲ ﻧﺿﺞ ﺑوﯾﺿﺔ واﺣدة ﻓﻘط وﺗﺳﻣﻲ ﺑوﯾﺿﺔ ﻋن طرﯾﻖ ھرﻣون إف‬ ‫إس إﺗش ﺗﺑدا و اﻟﺑوﯾﺿﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﻣوة ﺗﻔرز ھرﻣوﻧﺎت اﻧﺛوﯾﺔ اﺳﺗروﯾدﯾﺔ‬ 2- Ovulatory phase Ovulation is outward expulsion of a mature ovum from a ruptured Graafian follicle. Where it is picked up by the fimbirial end of the tube. It occurs about 14 th day of menstrual cycle ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻲ ھو طرد ﻟﻠﺑوﯾﺿﺔ اﻟﻧﺎﺿﺟﺔ ﻣن ﺑوﯾﺿﺔ ﺟراﻓﯾن ﺣﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺎﻗطﮭﺎ ﻋن‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻗﻧﺎة ﻓﺎﻟوب ﺣﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗظر ﻣﺻﯾرھﺎ ﺳواء اﻟﺗﺧﺻﯾب او اﻹﺧراج ﻋن‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ اﻟدورة اﻟﺷﮭرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟدم‬ 3- Luteal phase Ruptured Graafian follicle are termed corpus luteu ‫اﻟﺑوﯾﺿﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻣزﻗﺔ ﺗﺗﺣول اﻟﻲ اﻟﺟﺳم اﻷﺻﻔر‬ It secretes Progesterone and little estrogen for 3 months after fertilization These hormones prepare endometrium for implantation of Fertilized Ovum (Blastocyst) If the oocyte is fertilized the corpus luteum enlarges & remains active for first 20 weeks of pregnancy If the oocyte is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerates in 10-12 days