Metabolic Response to Trauma Multiple Choice Questions

# Metabolic Response to Trauma ## Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is the primary role of the ebb phase in the metabolic response to trauma? - Mobilization of energy stores - Restoration of protein and fat stores - Increase in metabolic rate - **Conservation of circulating volume...

# Metabolic Response to Trauma ## Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is the primary role of the ebb phase in the metabolic response to trauma? - Mobilization of energy stores - Restoration of protein and fat stores - Increase in metabolic rate - **Conservation of circulating volume and energy stores** 2. Which of the following accurately describes the flow phase of the metabolic response? - It has no impact on body weight. - It lasts for less than 24 hours. - It is marked by a significant anabolic phase. - **It primarily focuses on conserving energy.** 3. Which hormone is primarily involved in the metabolic response to trauma? - Thyroxine - Glucagon - **Catecholamines** - Insulin 4. What can occur as a result of an excessive systemic response following trauma? - Decreased recovery speed - Stable homeostasis - Increased metabolic rate - **Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)** 5. What is the duration of the ebb phase after a traumatic insult? - 72 hours - 1-2 weeks - **24-48 hours** - A few minutes 6. Which condition is characterized by hypovolemia, decreased basal metabolic rate, and reduced cardiac output? - **Ebb phase** - Recovery stage - Inflammatory stage - Flow phase 7. What primarily happens during the catabolic phase of the flow phase? - **Negative nitrogen balance** - Weight gain - Increased oxygen consumption - Fluid retention 8. What happens to the body during severe injury or major surgery in terms of metabolism? - **Simultaneous catabolism and starvation** - An increase in insulin production - Decreased nutrient need - Stable metabolic rate 9. What is one outcome of the inflammatory response? - Stabilized sodium levels - Deceased protein synthesis - Reduced tissue swelling - **Increased vascular permeability** 10. Which factor is NOT associated with increased metabolic response to trauma? - Genetic predisposition - **Severity of injury** - Higher urinary output - Prior malnutrition 11. Which of the following is a clinical application to limit the inflammatory response? - **Early enteral nutrition** - Using general anaesthesia exclusively - Delaying pain management - Avoiding surgical intervention 12. What characterizes the late metabolic response to injury? - Enhanced immune function - Increased protein synthesis - Decreased metabolism - **Negative nitrogen balance** 13. What common electrolyte disturbance is seen due to impaired sodium pump action? - **Hyponatraemia** - Hypocalcemia - Hypernatremia - Hyperkalemia 14. Which type of anaesthesia is suggested to control the inflammatory response better? - Regional anaesthesia - Sedation only - Local anaesthesia exclusively - **General anaesthesia** 15. What metabolic change occurs in the early phase of response to injury? - Reduction in metabolic rate - **Enhanced gluconeogenesis** - Increased protein synthesis - Increased fat deposition 16. Which condition may lead to a poorer outcome after surgery or trauma? - **Pre-existing chronic inflammatory disease** - Adequate nutritional status - Genetic resistance to infection - Effective pain control 17. What effect does severe injury have on resting energy expenditure (REE)? - REE remains unchanged - **REE increases by up to 50%** - REE decreases by up to 50% - REE increases only during the daytime 18. Which hormone is primarily involved in mediating catabolism following an injury? - Adrenaline - Insulin - **Catecholamines** - Cortisol 19. What is the main metabolic response of the body to a rise in body temperature of 1°C? - No effect on metabolic rate - Increased metabolic rate by 2-4% - **Increased metabolic rate by 6-10%** - Decreased metabolic rate 20. What is one consequence of the negative nitrogen balance following uncomplicated surgery? - **Negative protein synthesis** - Increased muscle mass - Enhanced recovery - Maintain stable weight 21. Which substrate is primarily used for energy by tissues, excluding the brain, during fat metabolism? - Glucose - **Free fatty acids** - Glycerol - Amino acids 22. What is one reason why severe catabolism and negative nitrogen balance cannot be easily reversed? - Due to high caloric intake - Increased protein synthesis - **Requires extensive resting metabolic period** - Provision of protein and calories can help 23. What characterizes the corticoid-withdrawal phase in the anabolic phase? - **Negative potassium balance** - Spontaneous Na+ and free-water retention - Positive potassium balance - Increased nitrogen excretion 24. Which metabolic pathway is primarily affected during the process of glycogenolysis? - Protein breakdown - **Glucose release from glycogen stores** - Fat conversion to glucose - Glycogen stored for longer than 10 hours