A320 Family Training Manual PDF

A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant A318/319/320/321 (CFM56 & IAE V2500 & PW1100G & CFM LEAP) TRAINING MANUAL MECH...

A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant A318/319/320/321 (CFM56 & IAE V2500 & PW1100G & CFM LEAP) TRAINING MANUAL MECHANICAL & AVIONICS COURSE - B1.1 & B2 ATA 00-20 A320 Family Introduction 1 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500) Part-66, Appendix III, Level 3 Training This document was prepared by APlus Technical Training Center (ATTC) to provide a source of reference during the period of training. The information presented is as accurate as possible at the time of publication and is not subject to amendment action. The notes contain intellectual copyrighted material and are for personal study purposes only. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or publishing (including electronically) of any part of these notes is prohibited. Information is useful during the training, but the use of appropriate and Approved Technical Publications (ATPs) must be adhered to while working on the aircraft. Utmost attention is observed to ensure that the documents are as accurate as possible, however if you notice any items which require amending, please inform the Training Manager or Instructor so that any amendments may be incorporated before the next course. From the ATTC team, good luck and enjoy your training. NOTE: These notes cover Enhanced and Classic Differences Manager – ATTC Part 147.0XXXX 2 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant RECORD of REVISION Issue & Revision Date Summary of Revision Issue 1 Rev 0 01 Oct 2024 Initial Issue 3 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE AIRCRAFT INTRODUCTION A320 Family Yoes Presentation 06 Maximum Weights and Operating Limits 09 Aircraft General Range 11 Dimensions 13 Cabin Lay-out 16 Door Heights 18 Composite Structures 20 Structural Breakdown and Zoning Fuselage 22 Vertical Stabilizer 24 Horizontal Stabilizer 26 Wings 28 Flight Deck Presentation Flight Deck 30 Overhead Panel 33 Glare shield Panel 35 Main Instrument Panel (Enhanced) 37 Center Pedestal 39 Side Consoles 41 Lights-out Philosophy 43 SERVICING Ground Support Equipment and Tools Standard Tools 47 Special Tools 49 4 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant LIFTING and JACKING 53 AIRCRAFT TOWING 55 SCHEDULED and UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE CHECKS 59 SAFETY ITEMS 63 ` GROUND HANDLING Servicing Points 65 Service Arrangements 67 5 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 00 FAMILY TIES PRESENTATION (1) FAMILY TIES Before we design an aircraft, there are a lot of people we listen to: the businessman is interested in saving time, the cabin crew want the aircraft to be user friendly, the ground crew want easy maintenance, the pilot wants the aircraft to be dependable and easy to handle, Management are interested in the bottom line and our sales team want an aircraft that can go out and beat the competition So when we have done the listening, we started to design a new generation 150 seat. And what we design has been a great success on original lines all over the world. With the latest electronics Flight by Wire control and a new approach to the man machine interface, the A320 really is the state of the art in commercial aviation. But to the Airbus Industry approach to the success is to go further. By getting our ideas clear at the design stage we have made the A320 the start of a real family. For example, to stretch the 150 seat A320 into a 190 seat A321 we have simply to make local re-enforcements to the wing and center section and some minor changes to the flight control software. The rest could stay virtually the same. The A321 is an A320 with two extra fuselage sections and room for 36 more paying customers. In the same way we have been able to shorten the A320 to create the A319, the most economic member of the family. These three aircrafts between them cover the needs of the airlines from 124 to 185 seats. This family design makes it easier for an airline to cope with daily or seasonal variations in traffic and keep maintenance costs down because of the fleet effect. COMFORT The family effect is all the greater because the initial design was right. For passengers, this means an aircraft that is comfortable and convenient in every class. The versatility of the single aisle cabin lets operate as to match the market. First, business or economy class layouts as passenger demand requires. On regional flights, this means an equal comfort and useful flexibility for the airline. 6 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant FLEXIBILITY The cabin intercommunication system makes it easy to vary cabin configuration. With the wide aisle, cabin crew and passengers can move more easily. A standard A321 with 196 passengers has a turn round time of only 34 minutes and this reduces to 29 minutes with the wide aisle option, 11 minutes faster than the competition. EFFICIENCY When the baggage isn't left behind, the cargo compartments can be unloaded and reloaded well within the passenger turn round time. 70% of A320 users have opted for the containerization system based on the LD 3 standard. A wise choice when you consider the increasing proportion of an airline income that comes from freight. Although the A321 is only 18% longer than the A320, its underfloor capacity is 40% greater, room for three more containers. TECHNOLOGY Advanced composite materials and the best aluminum alloys produce a rugged yet light airframe. High structural efficiency directly reduces operating costs. The A321 and A319 are assembled in Germany at a purpose built Deutsch Airbus plant. Since potential corrosion problems are addressed at source, structural inspection programs are simplified reducing maintenance costs and enhancing resell value. More advanced technology can be seen in the wings which are lighter and optimized for computer control flight. Because of better COMPOSITE - FLIGHT CONTROLS, DOOR, RADOME, ANY MOVING SURFACES PRESSURIZED AREA - ALUMINUM 7 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant A320 8 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant AIRCRAFT GENERAL MAXIMUM WEIGHTS AND OPERATING LIMITS The following picture shows maximum weights and operating limits for the Single Aisle family aircraft. UAJ09471 - U19T4T0 - UM00PY000000001 9 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant UPPER CAMBER OF THE WING 10 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant AIRCRAFT GENERAL FAMILY RANGE With a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) of 77 tons (170000 lbs), the A320 has a range of 3600 Nm as shown above. For the A318, with an MTOW of 66 tons (145500 lbs), it is 3900 Nm. For the A319, with an MTOW of 68 tons (150000 lbs), it is 4200 Nm. For the A321, with an MTOW of 83 tons (183000 lbs), it is 3100 Nm. UAJ09471 - U19T4T0 - UM00PY000000001 11 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 12 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant AIRCRAFT GENERAL The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls. The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft. The family offers a choice of engines: International Aero Engines and CFM International for the A319, A320 and A321. Pratt & Whitney and CFM International for the A318. AIRCRAFT DIMENSIONS The picture shows the main dimensions for the A320. The A318, A319 and A321 have exactly the same dimensions except that: the A318 is 6.12 m (20 ft) shorter and 1.18 m (3ft 10in) higher, the A319 is 3.74 m (12ft 3in) shorter, the A321 is 6.93 m (22ft 9in) longer. 13 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 14 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 15 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant AIRCRAFT GENERAL THE CABIN Cabin seat layout shown in the graphic is the Airbus recommended seat quantity and pitch based on the design of the airframe. Normally the Airline, based on needs, modifies these layouts. The cabin has a maximum of: 129 seats for the A318, 145 seats for the A319, 180 seats for the A320, 220 seats for the A321. UAJ09471 - U19T4T0 - UM00PY000000001 16 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 17 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant AIRCRAFT GENERAL DOOR HEIGHTS The following picture shows the different door heights. 18 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant DATA OF DOOR DIMENSION IS ESSENTIAL - CENTER OF GRAVITY, WHAT TYPE OF EQUIPMENT 19 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant AIRCRAFT GENERAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURES The picture shows the composite structures included in Single Aisle family aircraft. UAJ09471 - U19T4T0 - UM00PY000000001 20 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant NO-STEP - RELATIVELY HOT - WITH WX RADAR 21 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING In this topic, the fuselage, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, and wings station numbers are shown. FUSELAGE The station (STA) number is the distance in millimeters of the cross-section from a reference point. The reference (X=0) for all structural measurements in the X-axis is located 2.54 m (100 in) forward of the aircraft. UAJ09471 - U19T4T0 - UM00PY000000001 22 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 23 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING VERTICAL STABILIZER For the vertical stabilizer the reference station is Z=0 at the vertical Z-axis. Due to the fin tip extension, the A318 station numbers have changed. The new rib 12N is on the STA5970. 24 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 25 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING HORIZONTAL STABILIZER For the horizontal stabilizer the reference station is Y=0 at the horizontal Y-axis. 26 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 27 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING WING For wings, the reference station is the wing reference axis that is located at 1868 millimeters (73.54 in) from the aircraft X-axis. 28 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 29 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT DECK PRESENTATION The Flight Deck has adjustable seats for two crew members. A third occupant seat and, depending on the configuration a folding seat for a fourth occupant. Various furnishings and equipment are installed in the cockpit for the comfort, convenience and safety of the occupants. 30 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant LIGHTS OFF PHILOSOPHY 31 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 GPU-POWERED ^ PICTURE IN BATTERY - RH LIGHT, ISIS A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 32 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant OVERHEAD PANEL The controls of most aircraft systems are located on the overhead panel. The overhead panel is divided into two main sections: a FWD section including the system panels, an AFT section including mainly the circuit breaker panel. 33 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant ACP - SAFETY-WIRED IR ALIGNMENT - PART OF PFC RMP - TUNE FREQUENCY 34 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant GLARESHIELD The Flight Control Unit (FCU) includes the EFIS controls, and is used for control and monitoring of the Auto Flight System (AFS). It is located on the glare shield panel. The "Master Warning" and the "Master Caution" lights are also located on the glare shield panel 35 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 36 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL (ENHANCED) The enhanced single aisle aircraft main instrument panel instrumentation has been updated. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) replace the existing CRTs. A single integrated electronic indicator, the Integrated Standby Instrument System (ISIS) replaces the standby instrumentation: Standby horizon, Airspeed indicator and Altimeter. 37 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant ISIS 38 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant CENTER PEDESTAL The center pedestal ergonomic design of the SA family aircraft gives the flight crew efficient access to multiple system controls without compromising safety. The controls and panels are: Switching panel ECAM control panel (ECP) Multipurpose Control Display Units (MCDU) Radio Management Panels (RMPs) Audio Control Panels (ACPs) Thrust levers and thrust reverser levers Pitch trim wheel Engine start panel Air Traffic Control / Traffic Collision Avoidance System panel (ATC/TCAS) Flap/slat control handle Speed brake control panel Parking brake control panel Cockpit door lock panel Landing gear gravity extension handle Printer Multipurpose Disk Drive Unit (MDDU) PA handset at the rear of the pedestal 39 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 40 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant SIDE CONSOLES The Conventional Aircraft control yoke is noticeably missing in the Airbus Single Aisle aircraft. The Side Stick Controller (SSC) replaces the Conventional Aircraft yoke. There is one SSC for each pilot mounted in the side consoles. The Aircraft nose wheel is steerable. The flight crew operates the Nose Wheel Steering (NWS) by using the NWS tillers mounted outboard of the SSC on the same side console. Behind the most forward side console are installed several other compartments along the outboard sides of the cockpit. These side consoles are used as stowage space for documents, oxygen masks, fire extinguisher and microphone and headset connections 41 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 42 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT DECK PHILOSOPHY Prior to the design of the A320 family aircraft, the designers examined previous generation aircraft cockpit system indications. A decision was made on the system indicator lights on the overhead panel that indicator lights do not come on when systems are in normal operation and there are no failures. This ergonomic design enabled the pilots to immediately see when a system is faulty or has been manually shut off. Most of the pushbuttons with light have two stable positions: pressed in and released out, each position is related to a control signal sent to a system. Pressed in (recessed): Normally used system activation (AUTO or ON), Temporarily used system activation (ON), System activated for maintenance operation (ON) or override (OVRD). Released out (flush with the panel): Deactivation of a system (OFF), Manual activation of a system (ON), Activation of an alternate system (ALTN). Some pushbuttons have only one stable position: Released out. When pushed, they send a control signal to the system. 43 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 44 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant PUSHBUTTON COLOR PHILOSOPHY The pushbuttons light and annunciator lights are in different colors according to their function. In normal operation, only green lights and, sometimes, blue lights come on. 45 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 46 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS The World Airlines Technical Operations Glossary (WATOG) definition of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) is: Equipment required on the ground to support the operation and maintenance of the aircraft and all its airborne equipment. Airbus divides GSE into two categories: tools, Standard GSE. Tools can be split into two categories: standard tools, Specific tools. STANDARD TOOLS Standard tools are hand tools such as spanners, sockets, gauges, torque wrenches... The specifications (size, range, capacity, accuracy...) are given in the related Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) task to let operators use the tool brand of their choice. Standard tools for Aircraft Maintenance are all in US units. Metric tools maybe required for shop maintenance. They are not required for aircraft maintenance but will be required to maintain Airbus specific tools and, in some cases, for aircraft component maintenance in the shop. 47 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS - STANDARD TOOLS 48 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS (continued) SPECIFIC TOOLS Specific tools are tools designed by Airbus or by its vendors to carry out given maintenance tasks on the aircraft or one of its components. All maintenance tools for "on - aircraft" maintenance such as the AMM, Trouble Shooting Manual (TSM)... and for "off - aircraft" maintenance such as the Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) are found in the Support Equipment Summary (SES) document. The SES covers all Airbus aircraft types and all associated documentation. If a tool does not appear in the SES it is not a tool for Airbus aircraft or equipment. All specific tools called up for "on - aircraft" maintenance in the AMM and the TSM are illustrated in the Tool Equipment Manual (TEM). 49 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 50 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS (continued) STANDARD GSE Airbus considers as standard GSE any GSE which is not designed for a specific aircraft type, but it can/could be used on a number of different aircraft types. Standard GSE includes, but is not limited: tow bars, axle/wheel change jacks, tripod maintenance jacks, access platforms, hydraulic ground carts, electrical power units, etc... 51 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 52 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant JACKING Three jacking points, when equipped with jacking pads, are used to lift the aircraft. The forward point "A" is located forward of the nose landing gear. The points "B" and "C" are located outboard of the engine pylon. A safety jack positioned at the rear of the aircraft prevents the aircraft from tipping up. The open air jacking operation is limited if the wind velocity exceeds permissible values which depend on aircraft gross weight and center of gravity position. In any condition, the aircraft must be pointed upwind. The three jacks have to be operated together. The aircraft has to be lifted so that the landing gear can be operated in the "landing gear shock absorbers deflated, flat tires" configuration. As soon as the jacking operation is finished, position the safety jack at the tail. Jacking pads have to be used under the jacking points to spread the loads. To make sure that excessive side loads are not placed on the jacks and on the aircraft structure, a quick leveling check must be carried out during the jacking operation. The leveling check can be made through different ways using: the Attitude Monitor (if installed), a Spirit Level in the FWD Cargo Compartment or in the Passenger compartment. The ADIRUs pitch and roll angles, through the Alpha call up's codes (AIDS). 53 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 54 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant TOWING Towing: you can tow the aircraft by the nose landing gear or the main landing gear. You can also tow the aircraft with deflated tires. Towing operation, whether push back or pull, requires a good team co-operation. Some airlines have two different types of towing procedures in use: maintenance towing, Transportation servicing towing. Maintenance towing procedures are laid down in the applicable AMM - Chapter 09. Transportation servicing towing procedures are published in the applicable ramp operation manuals. The major differences between the two are that transportation services only get involved with moving aircraft on ramps for positioning or dispatch pushback. When they are handling the towing operation, they require either a pilot or qualified maintenance man on the aircraft brakes. On the other hand, maintenance personnel is involved in moving aircraft in abnormal situation such as aircraft stuck in mud, towing with flat tires, engines removal, etc., as well as routine towing to gates. Because of the hazards that may be involved in the towing operation, major precautions taken have been gathered together and are listed under paragraph "General Towing Precaution". Caution and warnings are repeated as necessary in the particular step of the towing operation to which they apply. 55 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 56 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant TURNING RADII The different turning radii are shown on a steering diagram. "Y" is the distance between the centerline of the A/C longitudinal axis (X-axis) and the theoretical center of turn for turning radius. "A" matches the minimum turning width for a 180° turn. "Y, A" and the radii "R3, R4, R5 and R6" values depend on two parameters: effective turn angle and steering angle. 57 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant PRIMARY - GREEN SECONDARY - YELLOW STDBY - BLUE STEERING - YELLOW 58 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE TASKS & CHECKS in MPD Chapter 05-20-00 "Life Limits and Maintenance Checks" is now covered in the Maintenance Planning Document (MPD). The MPD is the repository document for all repetitive scheduled maintenance tasks declared by Airworthiness Directives (AD/CN), All Operator Telex (AOT), Inspection Service Bulletins (ISB), Service Information Letters (SIL), and Modifications (MOD/SB) and analyzed under the Maintenance Review Board (MRB). UN-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE in AMM Section 05-50-00 This Chapter 05-50-00 includes the maintenance checks that you must do when a flight crew report shows abnormal flight conditions. Such maintenance actions are divided into two categories of information: inspections, checks. 59 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 60 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant SCHEDULED REPETITIVE REQUIREMENTS THROUGH MPD The main objective of the MPD document is to provide maintenance planning information necessary for each operator to develop a customized maintenance program. MPD reflects all repetitive scheduled maintenance tasks declared by AD/CN, AOT, ISB, SIL, and MOD/SB and analyzed under the MRB. A typical scheduled repetitive task (Integrated Drive Generator (IDG) scavenges filter) is listed with the following data: the threshold interval, source document, cross-references to other manuals or documents (Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) and SIL), Man Hours required to accomplish the work, the applicability in this Envelope document. Note the Zonal inspection, requested by C CHECK interval, on the tension of the fan cowl latches, the AOT, AMM and SIL cross- referenced. Some maintenance tasks have a higher ranking of requirement when the maintenance requirement is identified as: "Airworthiness Limitations Item" (ALI) or "Life limit parts", "Certification Maintenance Requirements" (CMR). The approved document MRB REPORT Appendix 1 lists all these airworthiness approved issues, the ALIs and CMRs. The MPD details these airworthiness related items in the "Time controlled Items" and "Life Limits" sections. It is the responsibility of each operator to adjust his own maintenance program in accordance with his National Authority 61 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 62 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant SAFETY ITEMS When you work on aircraft, make sure that you obey all the AMM safety procedures. This will prevent injury to persons and/or damage to the aircraft The following terms are used in the AMM and are defined as follows: WARNING: call attention to the use of material, processes, methods, procedures or limits, which must be followed precisely to avoid injury or death to persons. CAUTION: call attention to methods and procedures, which must be followed to avoid damage to equipment. 63 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 64 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant GROUND HANDLING SERVICING POINTS The ground service connections layout is the same on the AIRBUS A318 and A319. The main difference between A320 and A321 servicing point is a second potable water draining panel in the center of the A/C on the A320. UAJ09471 - U19T4T0 - UM01P2000000001 65 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant REVIEW!!! YELLOW GREEN BLUE 66 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant A/C SERVICING ARRANGEMENT The graphic shows the access to the aircraft by various servicing equipment. The A318 fuselage is shorter than the rest of the single aisle aircraft. Due to the removal of 2.39 meters or 1.5 frames of the forward fuselage, the aft edge of the forward cargo compartment door now is in close proximity to the engine air intake nose cowl. When using a self-propelled conveyor belt, there is a possibility of structural damage to the nose cowl because of the clearance. NOTE: Note: The use of a self-propelled conveyor belt is not recommended by Airbus. The main difference between the A318/A319 and the A320/A321 servicing arrangement is that the A320 and A321 can have a bulk loader on the bulk cargo door. 67 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant 68 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 00-20 Airframe & Powerplant END 69 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant A318/319/320/321 (CFM56 & IAE V2500 & PW1100G & CFMLEAP) TRAINING MANUAL MECHANICAL & AVIONICS COURSE - B1.1 & B2 ATA 22- Autoflight 1 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500) Part-66, Appendix III, Level 3 Training This document was prepared by APlus Technical Training Center (ATTC) to provide a source of reference during the period of training. The information presented is as accurate as possible at the time of publication and is not subject to amendment action. The notes contain intellectual copyrighted material and are for personal study purposes only. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or publishing (including electronically) of any part of these notes is prohibited. Information is useful during the training, but the use of appropriate and Approved Technical Publications (ATPs) must be adhered to while working on the aircraft. Utmost attention is observed to ensure that the documents are as accurate as possible, however if you notice any items which require amending, please inform the Training Manager or Instructor so that any amendments may be incorporated before the next course. From the ATTC team, good luck and enjoy your training. NOTE: These notes cover Enhanced and Classic Differences Manager – ATTC Part 147.0XXXX 2 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant RECORD of REVISION Issue & Revision Date Summary of Revision Issue 1 Rev 0 01 Oct 2024 Initial Issue 3 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION – GENERAL 12 22 AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION – GENERAL – Level 1 13 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT/FLIGHT GUIDANCE 16 AUTOPILOT/FLIGHT DIRECTOR 18 AUTOTHRUST 20 FLIGHT AUGMENTATION 22 PANEL LOCATION/CONTROL AND INDICATING 24 MCDUs 24 FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT (FCU) 26 PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY 28 SIDE STICKS 30 THROTTLE LEVERS 32 FLIGHT CONTROL PANELS 34 COMPONENT LOCATION 36 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY - Level 2 38 GENERAL 38 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION - Level 2 40 GENERAL 40 CONTROLS 40 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE COMPUTER (FMGC) 40 FLIGHT AUGMENTATION COMPUTER (FAC) 40 OTHER SYSTEMS 40 COMPONENT LOCATION 42 4 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FAC GENERAL - Level 2 44 FUNCTIONS 44 YAW DAMPER 44 RUDDER TRIM 44 RUDDER TRAVEL LIMITATION 45 FLIGHT ENVELOPE PROTECTION 45 FAULT ISOLATION DETECTION SYSTEM (FIDS) 45 CONTROLS 45 DISPLAYS 45 COMPONENT LOCATION 47 AUTOFLIGHT CONTROLS 49 GENERAL 49 MCDU 49 FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT (FCU) 49 MANAGEMENT 50 GENERAL 50 GUIDANCE 51 GENERAL 51 DISPLAYS 52 GENERAL 52 AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION - Level 2 54 GENERAL 54 MODES 55 GROUND – MAINTENANCE PURPOSES 57 5 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant TAKE-OFF 57 CRUISE 57 LANDING 58 FLIGHT DIRECTOR PRESENTATION - Level 2 60 ENGAGEMENT 60 PRINCIPLE 60 FD PUSHBUTTONS 60 FD BARS 62 FPD/FPV SYMBOLS 62 AUTOTHRUST PRESENTATION - Level 2 64 AUTOTHRUST FUNCTION 64 AUTOTHRUST LOOP PRINCIPLE 64 AUTOTHRUST ENGAGEMENT 64 AUTOTHRUST DISCONNECTION 65 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS MAINTENANCE SYSTEM D/O - Level 3 67 GENERAL 67 FIDS 67 BITE 67 FAC/FM/FG BITE 67 FCU BITE 67 MCDU BITE 68 GROUND SCAN 70 AFS TEST 70 LAND TEST 70 6 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant SAFETY TESTS 72 PROCEDURE 72 YAW AXIS CONTROL 74 YAW AXIS CONTROL D/O - Level 3 75 YAW DAMPER 75 RUDDER TRIM 75 RUDDER TRAVEL LIMITATION 75 OPERATION - ELAC NORMAL LAW 75 FAC ENGAGEMENT 85 FAC ENGAGEMENT D/O - Level 3 86 NORMAL CONFIGURATION 86 FAC NOT ENERGIZED OR NOT INSTALLED 86 FAULTS 86 YAW DAMPER FUNCTION 88 YAW DAMPER FUNCTION D/O - Level 3 89 COMPONENTS 89 GENERAL 89 MANUAL MODE 89 MANUAL ALTERNATE 89 AUTO MODE 90 LAND MODE 90 POWER LOOP 90 MONITORING 90 FLIGHT ENVELOPE PROTECTION 92 7 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT ENVELOPE PROTECTION D/O - Level 3 93 GENERAL 93 SPEED COMPUTATION DISPLAY 93 SPEED COMPUTATION 93 ALPHA-FLOOR AND WINDSHEAR PROTECTION 95 LOW ENERGY AWARENESS 97 TAIL STRIKE PROTECTION (A320/A321) 99 SPEED PROTECTION 101 SPEED TREND 101 TARGET AIRSPEED 101 ECON SPEED RANGE 101 MINIMUM SELECTABLE SPEED (VLS) 103 ALPHA PROTECTION SPEED 103 ALPHA MAX SPEED 103 VMAX 103 VSW (VELOCITY STALL WARNING) 103 DECISION SPEED (V1) 103 MINIMUM FLAP RETRACTION SPEED 104 MINIMUM SLAT RETRACTION SPEED 104 VFE NEXT (VELOCITY FLAP EXTEND) 104 GREEN DOT 104 AUTOTHRUST 106 AUTOTHRUST – Level 1 107 FLIGHT GUIDANCE AUTOTHRUST D/O - Level 3 109 8 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant GENERAL 109 THRUST LEVERS 109 A/THR FUNCTION LOGIC 110 A/THR DISENGAGED 110 A/THR ENGAGED AND ACTIVE 110 A/THR ENGAGED AND NOT ACTIVE 110 A/THR MODES 112 MODES DESCRIPTION 112 DEFAULT MODES 112 ALPHA-FLOOR PROTECTION 112 A/THR OPERATION IN FLIGHT 113 TAKE-OFF 113 THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE 113 AUTOMATIC LANDING 113 DISCONNECTION 114 DISCONNECTION CONSEQUENCES 114 FLIGHT GUIDANCE PRIORITY LOGIC 116 FLIGHT GUIDANCE PRIORITY LOGIC – Level 1 117 INTRODUCTION 117 FLIGHT GUIDANCE PRIORITY LOGIC - Level 3 119 FLIGHT GUIDANCE 119 FLIGHT DIRECTOR 121 AUTOPILOT 123 AUTOTHRUST 125 9 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATIONS 127 FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT (FCU) 129 FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT D/O - Level 3 130 GENERAL 130 DISPLAY 130 SPEED/MACH REFERENCE CONTROL KNOB 132 HEADING/TRACK LATERAL CONTROL KNOB 134 ALTITUDE SELECTOR KNOB 136 VERTICAL SPEED/FLIGHT PATH ANGLE CONTROL KNOB 138 ENGAGEMENT P/BSW 140 AP1 & 2 ENGAGEMENT P/BSW 140 A/THR ENGAGEMENT B/BSW 140 EXPEDITE ENGAGEMENT P/BSW 140 APPRAOCH ENGAGEMENT P/BSW 141 LOCALIZER ENGAGEMENT P/BSW 141 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 143 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT (FM) 144 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT PRIORITY LOGIC - Level 3 146 FM OPERATING MODES 146 NORMAL MODE 146 INDEPENDENT MODE 146 SINGLE MODE 146 OPERATION MODES 147 NORMAL MODE 147 10 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant INDEPENDENT MODE 147 SINGLE MODE 147 INTERFACES 148 FLIGHT PLANNING D/O - Level 3 150 FLIGHT PLAN 150 NAVIGATION DATABASE 150 NAVIGATION 150 ACARS FUNCTION 151 LATERAL FLIGHT PLAN 151 VERTICAL FLIGHT PLAN 151 PERFORMANCE 152 DISPLAY 152 NAVIGATION BACK-UP D/O (OPTION) - Level 3 154 GENERAL 154 FLIGHT PLANNING 154 NAVIGATION 154 ND DISPLAY 155 MCDU PAGE AVAILABILITY 155 DEACTIVATION 155 11 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM GENERAL 12 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION – GENERAL – Level 1 The Auto Flight System (AFS) is divided into four main parts: Flight Management (FM), Flight Guidance (FG), Flight Augmentation, Fault Isolation and Detection System (FIDS). The first two functions are accomplished by the Flight Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs). The other two functions are accomplished by the Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs). The AFS calculates the position of the aircraft using several aircraft sensors. In addition, the system has the capability of storing flight plans in its memory, which are predetermined by the airline. A flight plan describes a complete flight from departure to arrival; it includes vertical information and all intermediate waypoints. Knowing the position of the aircraft and the desired flight plan (chosen by the pilot), the AFS is able to compute the orders sent to the flight controls and engines so that the aircraft can follow the flight plan 13 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOFLIGHT SYSTEM - GENERAL ONLY IN FAC 1 14 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 15 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT MANAGEMENT/FLIGHT GUIDANCE The FM part has several functions linked to the flight plan such as lateral and vertical guidance associated with performance computation. The FG part has 3 functions: Autopilot (AP), Flight Director (FD), Auto thrust (A/THR). The FMGC functions, FM and FG are controlled from the MCDUs and the Flight Control Unit (FCU). Basically, the MCDUs provide the long-term interface between the crew and the FMGCs (e.g. flight plan selection and modification) while the FCU provides the short term interface (e.g. engagement of the autopilot, flight director and A/THR functions). Besides the MCDUs and the FCU, the main displays presenting Flight Management and Guidance information are the EFIS displays. 16 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 17 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOPILOT/FLIGHT DIRECTOR The main AP and FD functions are: Stabilization of the aircraft around its center of gravity when the AP/FD system holds vertical speed or flight path angle and heading or track, Acquisition and holding of a flight path, Guidance of the aircraft at take-off, Automatic landing and go around. The AP function gives orders to control: The position of the control surfaces on the three axes (pitch, roll and yaw), The nose wheel steering. The FD function generates optimum guidance orders used in manual controls. The FD is also used to monitor the AP when it is engaged. The FD symbols are displayed on the PFDs. 18 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 19 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOTHRUST The A/THR system fulfills the following functions through the control of the thrust: Speed or mach number hold (either FMGCs computed or from throttle levers position), Thrust hold (either FMGS computed or from throttle lever position), Thrust reduction during descent and during flare in final approach, Protection against insufficient speed linked to excessive angle of attack. To fulfill the A/THR functions, the FMGCs communicate with the Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) via the FCU and the Engine Interface Units (EIUs). 20 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 21 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT AUGMENTATION The flight augmentation part fulfills the following functions: Rudder trim, Yaw damper, Rudder travel limitation, Flight envelope protection, FIDS (Fault Isolation and Detection System). For flight envelope protection, the FAC computes: The various speeds for aircraft operation (e.g. flaps limit speed), The excessive angle of attack and windshear detection, The low energy warning, indicating to the crew that the aircraft is quickly decelerating and that thrust will have to be increased to recover a positive flight path angle through pitch control. The FIDS function is only active in FAC 1. FAC 1 is connected to the BITE of all the AFS computers and communicates to the Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS). 22 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant ALPHA FLOOR - POINT OF STALLING 23 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant PANEL LOCATION/CONTROL AND INDICATING The different panels used for AFS control and indicating are described in this topic. MCDUs Two MCDUs are located on the center pedestal. The MCDU is the primary entry/display interface between the pilot and the FM part of the FMGC. The MCDUs exchange information not directly but via the FMGCs. 24 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant MULTI PURPOSE CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT (MCDU) 25 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT (FCU) An FCU is installed on the glareshield. The FCU front face includes an AFS control panel between two EFIS control panels. The AFS control panel allows and displays the AP and A/THR engagement, and the selection of guidance modes and flight parameters. Each pilot has an EFIS control panel to select the display on his related EFIS screens. Speed, lateral guidance and level change can be selected by the pilot after a "pull" action or managed by the flight management after a "push" action. In that case, the parameter window shows dashes ( ) and a white dot will indicate that the reference is managed. An exception to this rule is when the V/S - FPA knob is pushed, a level off is immediately commanded. 26 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 27 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY As the main guidance instrument, the PFD displays various speeds and reference parameters used for short term flight guidance. The Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA) is the top part of the PFD and indicates: The AP, FD and A/THR engagement status, The AP/FD and A/THR modes, The landing category. 28 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT 29 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant SIDE STICKS Two side sticks are respectively located on the CAPT lateral panel and F/O lateral panel. When the AP is engaged, the side sticks are locked in the neutral position, by solenoids. The AP is disengaged, and the side sticks become free, when the red TAKEOVER & PRIORITY pushbutton on any side stick is pressed or when a force above a certain threshold is applied on any side stick. 30 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 31 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant THROTTLE LEVERS The engines are manually controlled by throttle levers, which are located on the center pedestal, or automatically controlled by the A/THR system. Two red INSTINCTIVE DISCONNECT pushbuttons, located on the throttle levers, allow the A/THR function to be disengaged (push either one). Note: The throttle levers never move automatically. 32 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 33 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FLIGHT CONTROL PANELS On the two-flight control (FLT CTL) panels, located on the overhead panel, there is a pushbutton to respectively disengage FAC 1 and 2. Note: These switches do not turn the units off. 34 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 35 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant COMPONENT LOCATION The AFS computers are located in the aft avionics rack (80VU). 36 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 37 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY - Level 2 GENERAL The Automatic Flight System (AFS) calculates orders to automatically control the flight controls and the engines. It computes orders and sends them to the Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS) and to the Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) to control flying surfaces and engines. When the AFS is not active, the above-mentioned components are controlled by the same systems, but orders are generated by the side sticks and thrust levers. NAVIGATION A fundamental function of the AFS is to calculate the aircraft position. To compute the aircraft position, the system uses several aircraft sensors, which give useful information for this purpose. FLIGHT PLAN The AFS has several flight plans predetermined by the airline in its memory. A flight plan describes a complete flight from departure to arrival; it gives vertical information and all intermediate waypoints. The plan can be displayed on the EFIS or on the Multipurpose Control & Display Units (MCDU). OPERATION There are several ways to use the AFS but the normal and recommended one is to use it to follow the flight plan automatically. Knowing the position of the aircraft and the flight plan chosen by the pilot, the system is able to compute the orders sent to the flying surfaces and the engines so that the aircraft follows the flight plan. The pilot has an important monitoring role. Note: During AFS operation, side sticks and thrust levers do not move automatically. FLY BY WIRE If the pilot moves the side stick when the AFS is active, it disengages the autopilot. Back to manual flight, when the sidestick is released, the EFCS maintains the actual aircraft attitude. SYSTEM DESIGN To meet the necessary reliability, the AFS is built around 4 computers. There are two interchangeable Flight Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs) and two interchangeable Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs). It is a FAIL OPERATIVE system. Each FMGC and FAC has a command part and a monitor part to be FAIL PASSIVE. 38 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant SYSTEM DESIGN 39 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION - Level 2 GENERAL The Automatic Flight System (AFS) gives pilots functions that reduce their workload and improve safety and regularity of the flight. The AFS is designed around: 2 Flight Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs), 2 Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs), 2 Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDUs), 1 Flight Control Unit (FCU). CONTROLS The FCU and the MCDUs let the pilots control the functions of the FMGCs. The FAC engagement P/BSWs and the Rudder TRIM control panel are connected to the FACs. The MCDUs are used for long-term control of the aircraft and do the interface between the crew and the FMGC allowing the management of the flight. The FCU is used for short-term control of the aircraft and is the interface required for transmission of engine data from the FMGC to the Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC). FLIGHT MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE COMPUTER (FMGC) There are two interchangeable FMGCs. Each FMGC is made of two parts: the Flight Management (FM) part and the Flight Guidance (FG) part. The FM part gives the functions related to flight plan definition, revision and monitoring and the FG part gives the functions related to the aircraft control. FLIGHT AUGMENTATION COMPUTER (FAC) There are two interchangeable FACs. The basic functions of the FACs are the rudder control and the flight envelope protection. Note: The FAC includes an interface between the AFS, and the Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS) called Fault Isolation and Detection System (FIDS). OTHER SYSTEMS The AFS is connected to the majority of the aircraft systems. Examples of AFS data exchanges: Reception of the aircraft altitude and attitude from the Air Data/Inertial Reference System (ADIRS), Transmission of autopilot orders to the Elevator and Aileron Computers (ELACs). 40 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOFLIGHT - GENERAL 41 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant COMPONENT LOCATION The AFS computers are located in the aft avionics rack (80VU). 42 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant 43 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant FAC GENERAL - Level 2 FUNCTIONS The basic functions of the Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC) are: Yaw damper, Rudder trim, Rudder travel limitation, Flight envelope protection, Fault Isolation and Detection System (FIDS). YAW DAMPER The yaw damper has four functions and controls the rudder via yaw damper actuators. Upon Flight Management and Guidance Computer (FMGC), Elevator Aileron Computer (ELAC) or FAC orders, the yaw damper provides: Dutch roll damping, turn coordination in cruise, Engine failure compensation in auto flight, Yaw guidance order execution. RUDDER TRIM The rudder trim orders come from the Rudder TRIM selector, or from the FMGC to control the rudder via the rudder trim actuator. The rudder trim gives: The manual trim with RUD TRIM selector, Auto trim on yaw axis and the generation of engine failure recovery function when the autopilot is engaged. 44 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant RUDDER TRAVEL LIMITATION The rudder travel limiting unit limits the deflection of the rudder according to the aircraft speed. The rudder travel limiting function: Limits the deflection for structure integrity, Prevents excessive deflections which would Penalize the aircraft performance. Aircraft speed information is given by the Air Inertial Reference Units (ADIRUs). FLIGHT ENVELOPE PROTECTION For flight envelope protection, the FAC computes the various characteristic speeds for aircraft operation, the low energy warning, the excessive Angle- Of-Attack (AOA) and wind shear detections. The characteristic speeds are computed using data from the ADIRU, the Landing Gear Control Interface Unit (LGCIU), the FMGC, and the Slat Flap Control Computer (SFCC). Then, they are displayed on the PFDs. The alpha floor (excessive AOA) and wind shear detections are sent to the FMGCs. The low energy warning computation is sent to the Flight Warning Computers (FWCs) which generate an aural warning: "SPEED, SPEED, SPEED". FAULT ISOLATION DETECTION SYSTEM (FIDS) For maintenance purposes, the FIDS centralizes the failure information from the various BITE of the AFS computers and provides an interface between these BITEs and the Centralized Fault Display Interface Unit (CFDIU). The FIDS function is only active in FAC 1. CONTROLS Each FAC receives inputs from its related P/BSW, the RUD TRIM selector and the RUD TRIM RESET P/B. The RUD TRIM selector deflects the rudder. The RESET P/B returns the rudder to the neutral position. DISPLAYS Some of the data computed by the FAC is displayed: The characteristic speeds are displayed on the speed scale of the PFDs. The rudder trim position is displayed on the F/CTL ECAM page and on the RUD TRIM control panel. The red WINDSHEAR indication is displayed in the center of both PFDs. 45 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE FLIGHT AUGMENTATION COMPUTER (FAC) 46 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant COMPONENT LOCATION The FAC computers, FAC (1, 2), are located in the aft avionics rack (80VU). 47 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant COMPONENT LOCATION 48 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOFLIGHT CONTROLS GENERAL The Flight Management and Guidance Computer (FMGC) functions, Flight Management (FM) and Flight Guidance (FG), are mainly controlled from the Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDUs) and the Flight Control Unit (FCU). Typical actions are: Before departure, on the MCDUs, the pilots select the flight plan which will be followed later on by the aircraft. In flight, on the FCU, the pilots can engage the AP and can modify different flight parameters leading to an immediate change in the control of the aircraft. MCDU Basically, the MCDUs give the long-term interface between the crew and the FMGCs. The MCDUs show, for example: The introduction or the definition, the modification, and the display of flight plans, The display, the selection and the modification of the parameters associated with the FM functions, The selection of specific functions. FLIGHT CONTROL UNIT (FCU) Basically, the FCU gives the short-term interface between the crew and the FMGCs. For example, the FCU can be used for: The engagement of the AP, Flight Director (FD) and A/THR functions, The selection of required guidance modes (e.g., heading hold), The selection of various flight parameters (e.g., heading value). 49 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant MANAGEMENT GENERAL The FM part mainly gives the flight plan selection with its lateral and vertical functions together with aircraft position. The FM part gives the navigation, performance optimization, radio navigation tuning, and information display management. Data computed by the FM part is occasionally used by the FG part. FLIGHT PLAN A flight plan contains the various elements and constraints of the route the aircraft must fly along from take-off to landing. A flight plan can be selected, built-up, modified and monitored through the MCDU. LATERAL FUNCTIONS The main lateral functions are: Aircraft position determination, Inertial Reference System (IRS) alignment through the MCDU, Automatic or manual (through MCDU) selection of VOR, DME, ILS, ADF frequencies, Guidance computation along the lateral flight plan. A navigation database supplies all necessary information to build a flight plan; however, pilots can enter other data using the MCDU. VERTICAL FUNCTIONS The main vertical functions are: Optimized speed computation: the resulting target speed being used as reference for guidance functions, Performance predictions as time, fuel, altitude, wind at various points of the flight, Guidance computation along the vertical flight plan. A performance database supplies necessary data; however, pilots have to enter other data using the MCDU. 50 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant GUIDANCE GENERAL The FG part gives the AP, FD and A/THR functions. These functions work according to modes generally chosen on the FCU. The normal way to operate the aircraft is to use the management part as reference source for the guidance part. AP The AP function calculates the signals for the flight controls in order to follow the selected modes. The AP controls the pitch, roll and yaw axis according to the selected modes. An example of AP mode is Altitude hold. FD The FD displays the guidance commands on both PFDs, allowing the pilots to fly the aircraft manually according to the FMGC demands. Two cases have to be considered: AP not engaged: The FD function displays symbols on the PFD which gives orders to the pilot to maintain the desired parameter(s). In this case, the pilot follows these orders by acting on the flight controls. AP engaged: The FD function displays symbols on the PFDs representing the AP orders to be monitored by the pilot. A/THR The A/THR function calculates the signal necessary for engine control in order to follow a given mode. An example of an A/THR mode is Acquisition and holding of a speed or a Mach number. 51 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant DISPLAYS GENERAL Various displays are used to present Flight Management and Guidance System (FMGS) data and information. The main displays presenting flight management and guidance information are: The MCDUs (display part), The FCU (display Part), The PFDs and NDs, The ECAM/EWD and ECAM STATUS pages. MCDU The MCDUs display all data related to the management part. Example: Identification of the successive waypoints of the flight plan. FCU-The FCU is also considered as a display as it includes indication lights and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) windows. The FCU includes: Lights giving mode indications, LCD windows show reference parameters. Example: During a climb with AP, the altitude window displays the altitude the aircraft is going to capture. PFD The PFDs mainly display the FD symbols and the status of guidance functions and their modes, they also display reference parameters. Example: The target speed value is represented by a symbol on the speed scale of the PFD. ND ARC, ROSE, PLAN MODE The NDs mainly display the flight plan and various navigation data. Example: Airports or waypoints around the present position of the aircraft. ECAM The ECAM/EWD page presents warning messages related to the function or computer failures. The ECAM STATUS page displays the landing capabilities. 52 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTO FLIGHT CONTROLS 53 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION - Level 2 GENERAL The AP is engaged from the Flight Control Unit (FCU) by the related pushbuttons. AP engagement is indicated by the illumination of the AP 1 P/BSW or/and the AP 2 P/BSW (Three green bars) and by the white "AP1", "AP2" or "AP1+ 2" indication on the top right corner of each PFD (known as the FMA, Flight Mode Annunciator). The AP guidance modes are selected from the FCU (by pilot action) or automatically by the Flight Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs). The AP function operates in a feedback loop where, after a comparison between real and reference parameters, the FMGC computes orders, which are sent to the flight controls. The feedback loop is completed by real values coming from sensors and given by other systems (e.g. ADIRS) to the FMGCs. When the AP is engaged, the load thresholds on the rudder pedals and the side sticks are increased. If a pedal or side stick load threshold is overridden, the AP disengages. ALPHA CALL UP 54 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024 A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant MODES There are lateral modes and vertical modes. Basically, one of each is chosen by the pilot or by the system. The AP being engaged, one lateral mode and one vertical mode are simultaneously active. According to flight phases, the lateral mode controls: The ailerons via the Elevator Aileron Computers (ELACs), The spoilers via the ELACs and the Spoiler Elevator Computers (SECs), The rudder via the Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs), The nose wheel via the ELACs and the Braking/Steering Control Unit (BSCU). The vertical mode controls the elevators and the THS via the ELACs. 55 A320 B1.1& B2 Issue 1 Rev 01 Oct 2024  A320 Family (CFM56 & V2500 &PW1100G & CFMLEAP) ATA 22 Autoflight Airframe & Powerplant MODES AUTOPILOT/FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES LATERAL MODES VERTICAL MODES RWY, Runway, Runway track mode SRS SRS mode used for takeoff and go- RWY TRK around NAV Nav mode CLB Climb mode HDG, TRK Heading, track mode. DES Descent mode Also called basic modes. APP NAV Approach Nav mode OP CLB Open Climb mode LOC*, Loc capture, Loc track mode OP DES Open Descent mode LOC ROLL OUT Roll out mode. (Autoland) EXP CLB Expedite mode in climb * GA TRK Go around track mode EXP DES Expedite mode in descent * LAND Land mode. V/S or FPA Vertical speed mode or Flight Path Angle mode. Managed submode that includes LOC and G/S modes below 400 feet RA. Also called basic modes FINAL Final approach mode. ALT* Altitude capture, APP