Mental Health Disorders PDF

Definitions Anxiety- A general state of apprehension Obsessive disorder- this is a thought to do something, because if you don't do something another thing might happen. It is a constant urge to do something Compulsion disorder- Repetitive behavior or mental act one is compelled to do. You do thi...

Definitions Anxiety- A general state of apprehension Obsessive disorder- this is a thought to do something, because if you don't do something another thing might happen. It is a constant urge to do something Compulsion disorder- Repetitive behavior or mental act one is compelled to do. You do things over again in fear of something bad going wrong, and it can affect your life. Persistent depressive disorder- Chronic depression milder in scope than major depression. This is less intense than Major depressive disorder. This will always follow you around. Symptoms Anxiety- Physical-Person is tired and their muscles tighten on them, Nausea, Dizziness. Psychological symptoms are their excessive inappropriate worry, Fear of dying, Decreased concentration. I think I am going nuts is cognitive, psychological is when it starts to affect you. Panic disorders- Increased anxiety, more sweating, shaking, chills, and heart attacks. You have to keep your distance from people having panic attacks as they will go into fight or flight. Phobias- They have genuine fear of things. Agoraphobia- This is more of a social anxiety. These people need their exit routes clear, and people may seem like a threat if people are blocking exits and doors. Psychological contributors to anxiety- Were you raised by controlling parents. Have you been raised by someone living with anxiety. Trauma causes anxiety, being a victim to bullying, abused growing up. Mood disorders- These last for long terms. You slowly get worse and start to feel different. Intensity- you do not really feel strong emotions. Not caused by any specific events Symptoms of depression- Look sad, or anxious. Speak slowly. They have slowed thinking and bodily movements appear agitated. Body odor no will to take a shower. Attitudes- I am a failure. I have let everyone down. It's all my fault. No one loves you. Men can live with postpartum depression. Stats Anxiety- Women are more affected by men. Depression, anxiety, and addiction run comorbidly many times. Heart disease and anxiety go hand and hand. Generalized anxiety disorder is 34%, OCD, and PTSD is 20%, Phobias and panic disorders are 13%. 30% of the population are non-worriers. 15% of the population has serious Generalized Anxiety disorder, these people worry 8 hours a day. Cause (Etiology) Depression- Genetics. Treatment You must do cognitive behavioral treatment to help someone change the way they think and do things. You cannot deal with depression with CBT, you need medications. SSRIs are most common. Bringing someone back to a trauma who has PTSD can help calm the storm. Types OCD- Washers (these wash things many times in fear of germs) Checkers (these people over check many things such as doors being locked repeatedly) Doubters (they doubt themselves) Unipolar- High recurrence, depressive cognitive triad. Bipolar- You have depression, but you also have a stat of approximately one week of manic behavior. The manic behavior could be that you are on top of the world, when you are typically quieter. You may involve yourself in risky behavior due to you not really having any will to live. Bipolar 1- Has one manic or more episodes. Pure or mixed episodes of depression and mania. Bipolar 2- Depressive episodes occur along with hypomanic episodes without full blown mania. Cyclothymic Disorder- This is less severe than bipolar. Notes: Acute stress disorder can happen right after something and can only last around 4 weeks. PTSD can happen awhile after something and can be there forever. You must have 5 of the symptoms in the DSM-5 for 2 weeks to have a mood disorder. Basic actions of ALGEE: Assess- ask questions about their state Listen- silence can be golden, do not speak when you are not needed to Give Reassurance and inform- tell them you will not leave them, tell them what they are about to see soon, so they are not scared of the cops possibly coming to help them. Encourage- for example, when the ambulance comes, tell them they should go so they can feel better Encourage other supports- be aware of people witnessing the event to seek help possibly The steps to determining how you will commit suicide: Lethality- What is the mode that will be used to commission suicide- example gunshot high lethality, cutting wrist low. Availability- Do I have access to a gun. Having access to certain things Specificity- You will need to ask yourself uncomfortable questions. - How will you hurt yourself, when will you, where will you, and do you want to hurt yourself. - Example, if somebody says "I am going to try and commit suicide at this time due to everyone being gone" this is very specific and very dangerous. Women are more likely to attempt suicide, men tend to be more successful. Youth are more likely to attempt, but elderly are more successful. People who attempt are often depressed but they are generally in touch with reality. Pre-disposing risk factors: Genetics, perinatal, Personality trait. Environment, psychological disorder. Protective factors: Cognitive flexibility, strong social support, lack of precipitant life events, treatment. Types of suicide: Egoistic- low degree of social integration/not well supported. This is when people have low social life. Altruistic- High degree of social integration/ dedicated to a cause. You commit suicide for a cause in the group. Anomic- Low degree of regulation- I do not feel like I fit in society, but I do not believe in societal norms. Fatalistic- High degree of regulation- You have somebody who is a part of society and feels it. They just take the bullet for the cause they believe in Warning signs: Expression of suicidal thoughts- If somebody tells you they will commit do not ignore it Veiled hints that they may not be around later- For example, "this will be our last Christmas" Prior attempts- Giving away possessions- "I have always wanted you to have this" Change in eating/sleeping patterns- Over eating or not eating at all, or sleeping too much or too little Abuse of alcohol or drugs- Sense of helplessness/hopelessness- "I am no good, the world is better without me" 40% of people that provide care for individuals living with mental health disorders, specifically MDD, are at a high risk of gaining depression. If you ever had to provide mental health care for someone, it can be difficult and frustrating. You want to be there for them, you want to see the smile, you are cracking jokes, and you are giving the energy and may give nothing. You may say "come on" the frustration that you are giving to that person they will pick it up. They may think "I am causing you pain, I am worthless" How do you deal with someone in a manic stage: Step 1- Repeat the same thing, in a low tone. Do not match their energy. Step 2- Attempt to reduce activity around the person including number of people Step 3- Keep noise level down Step 4- Be brief and firm Step 5- Do not argue and do not tell person what to do Step 6- Do not block off exits, their fight or flight will kick in. Personality disorders are ego syntonic: They believe their disorder is not a problem and is normal. They do not buy into the treatment, and rarely seek treatment for it. Type A personality disorders- odd behavior. 3 disorders. Schizotypal- They believe and have different thoughts. These people have the negative sides, flat affect tired and more, they also have magical thinking. Type B- Erratic, impulsive. This is anti-social, borderline, narcissistic personality disorder level. 4 disorders Type C- Fearful. Avoidance, Obsessive compulsory personality disorder. 3 disorders The Great imposter- He lives with anti-social PD. Ferdinand Demara. During his course of life span he was born in 21 and died in 92. He fooled the world in many areas and was hired in these positions. He was a religious monk, he was a priest, got hired as a dean of philoshipy, was a deputy warden, he was a surgeon and performed one. He lied about all of these jobs. Anti-social PD. Substance Use Disorders and Substance induced disorders: Use disorder- Patterns of behavior involving the use of psychoactive substances Induced disorder- Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances. Types of disorders you can get from using drugs such as marijuana: Depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, sleep, sexual dysfunction, fetal alcohol syndrome Substance use disorder- one person who is classified as having an addiction is, while using drugs they use the drugs even when they know it is bad for themselves, and it is maladaptive to themselves. Hallmarks to SUD: You will have a dependance on the drug You will go through withdrawal Delirium Disorientation Drug of choice: Depressant- Alcohol, sedatives Opioids- Heroin, fent Stimulants- Coke, tobacco Hallucinogens- LSD, mushrooms Inhalants- Amyl nitrate- used mostly for homosexuals as it opens certain body parts Pathways to drug dependence: - Experimentation- Drug effect impacted by pharmacological effect of actual drug, mental state and setting - Routine Use - Addiction Alcohol Poisoning- Signs of alcohol poisoning - Smell of alcohol - Mental confusion, coma - Vomiting - Seizures - Slow/irregular breathing - Hypothermia Aspiration- is where your body does not listen to yourself and throw up and goes into your lung cavity If conscious- - Call emergency services - Do not give food or water Paraphilias: Gender dysphoria is when they believe and feel like they are the other gender. It is most prevalent in men. This puts a lot of personal stress, maladaptive behavior in their lifestyle and stress from their normal lives. They fear what can happen in society. How to help with this is gender reassignment surgery, hormonal therapy. Sexual deviations involving patterns of arousal to stimuli such as nonhuman objects, humiliation, experience of pain, or children. Common paraphilias: Exhibitionism, fetishm, voyeurism, frotteurism, pedophilia, sexual sadism, coprophilia