Anxiety and Mood Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is characterized by a constant urge to perform an action due to fear of negative consequences?

Compulsion disorder (correct)

Panic disorder

Obsessive disorder

Anxiety

Which of the following is a symptom of anxiety?

Inappropriate excessive worry (correct)

Delusions of grandeur

Persistent feelings of hopelessness

Chronic fatigue without any reason

Which disorder is typically associated with a prolonged emotional state that is less intense than major depression?

Panic disorder

Compulsion disorder

Obsessive disorder

Persistent depressive disorder (correct)

What is agoraphobia primarily characterized by?

Need for clear exit routes due to anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological symptom of depression?

Persistent feelings of worthlessness Signup and view all the answers

Which group is reported to be more significantly affected by anxiety disorders?

Women Signup and view all the answers

What can be a psychological contributor to anxiety disorders?

History of trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective treatment for addressing the thought patterns associated with anxiety?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) exhibited by 'Washers'?

They wash items multiple times due to fear of germs. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of suicide is characterized by a strong dedication to a cause within a group?

Altruistic Signup and view all the answers

What type of mood disorder involves episodes of both depression and hypomania without full-blown mania?

Bipolar 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common warning sign that may indicate someone is considering suicide?

Giving away possessions Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing factor between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD?

PTSD can last indefinitely, while Acute Stress Disorder is temporary. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic actions of ALGEE?

Avoid eye contact Signup and view all the answers

Which protective factor is considered crucial in preventing suicidal behavior?

Strong social support Signup and view all the answers

Which step should you take first when dealing with someone in a manic stage?

Repeat the same message in a low tone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about suicide attempts is correct?

Women tend to attempt suicide more often than men. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for personality disorders to be ego syntonic?

Individuals think their disorder is normal Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'specificity' refer to in the context of assessing suicide risk?

The clarity of intentions to commit suicide, such as how and when. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is an example of anomic suicide?

Feeling disconnected and not adhering to societal norms Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about bipolar disorders is accurate?

Bipolar 2 features hypomanic episodes along with depressive episodes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered predisposing risk factors for mood disorders?

Genetics and environmental influences Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible emotional consequence for caregivers of individuals with mental health disorders?

Risk of gaining depression Signup and view all the answers

What should you avoid when assisting a person in a manic phase?

Blocking off exits Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of substance use disorder (SUD)?

Withdrawal symptoms when not using drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an induced disorder?

A mental disorder triggered by the consumption of psychoactive substances Signup and view all the answers

What type of personality disorder does Ferdinand Demara exemplify?

Anti-social personality disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of alcohol poisoning?

Increased energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of gender dysphoria treatment?

Hormonal therapy and gender reassignment surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is classified as a depressant?

Heroin Signup and view all the answers

What initial phase leads to drug dependence according to the pathways outlined?

Experimentation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common mental disorder that may develop from drug use?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions

Anxiety: A general state of apprehension.
Obsessive disorder: A thought to do something, because if you don't, another thing will happen. A constant urge to do something.
Compulsion disorder: Repetitive behavior or mental act one is compelled to do. Fear of something happening.
Persistent depressive disorder: Chronic depression, milder than major depression. Less intense than major depressive disorder.
Always present.

Symptoms

Anxiety (physical): Tired muscles, nausea, dizziness, excessive worry, fear of dying, decreased concentration, feeling like one is going crazy.
Panic disorders: Increased anxiety, sweating, shaking, chills, heart attacks. Fight or flight response.
Phobias: Genuine fear of things. Agoraphobia is a social anxiety where people need exits clear and people may seem threatening. Blocking exits.
Psychological contributors to anxiety: Raised by controlling parents, anxiety in the family, trauma, bullying, or abuse.
Mood disorders: Long-term, gradually worsening, reduced strong emotions.
Symptoms of depression: Sad, anxious, slowed speech, slow body movements, feelings of agitation, no self-care, failure, guilt, and no love.

Statistics

Anxiety affects women more than men.
Anxiety, depression, and addiction often occur together.
Heart disease and anxiety are linked.
Generalized anxiety disorder (34%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and PTSD (20%), phobias and panic disorders (13%) are common.
30% of the population are non-worriers.
15% of the population has serious generalized anxiety disorder and worried 8 hours a day.

Causes (Etiology)

Depression: Genetics.

Treatment

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help change thinking and behaviors.
Medications like SSRIs are often necessary for depression.
Trauma-focused therapy for PTSD.

Types

OCD: Washers (germ fear), checkers (doubting), doubters (self-doubt)\
Unipolar depression: High recurrence, depressive cognitive triad.
Bipolar disorder: Depression with periods of mania, or mixed episodes.
Bipolar 1: Having one or more episodes of mania.
Bipolar 2: Depressive episodes with hypomania (less severe mania), no full blown mania.
Cyclothymic disorder: Less severe form of bipolar disorder.

Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress

Acute stress disorder: Happens directly after a stressful event, lasts less than 4 weeks.
PTSD: Can happen after a stressful event and lasts for years.
Must have 5 symptoms in DSM-5 for 2 weeks to have a mood disorder.
ALGEE steps for crisis intervention: Assess, listen, give reassurance and information, encourage, encourage other support.

Suicide

Lethality: Mode of suicide (gunshot, cutting).
Availability: Access to means.
Specificity: How, when, where, intent\
Women more likely to attempt but men are more successful.
Youth and elders more likely to attempt but not necessarily succeed.

Pre-disposing and Protective Risk Factors for Suicide

Pre-disposing: Genetics, perinatal, personality traits, environment, psychological disorders.
Protective: Cognitive flexibility, strong support, lack of life stressors, treatment.

Types of Suicide

Note types of suicide.

Egoistic, Altruistic, Anomic, and Fatalistic Suicide

Egoistic: Low social integration (isolated)
Altruistic: High social integration (cause)
Anomic: Low social regulation (disconnected from society)
Fatalistic: High social regulation (powerlessness)

Warning Signs of Suicide

Statements expressing suicidal thoughts, veiled hints, giving away possessions, changes in eating/sleeping, abuse of substances, feeling helpless/hopeless.

Manic Stage

Steps involved in dealing with someone experiencing mania.
Reduce activity, lower tone, brief and firm, do not argue or block exits during mania.

Personality Disorders (Ego-Syntonic):

Believe their disorder is normal, don't seek treatment.

Type A, B, and C Personality Disorders

Type A: Odd behaviors (schizotypal)
Type B: Erratic, impulsive (antisocial, borderline, narcissistic)
Type C: Fearful (avoidant, obsessive-compulsive)

Substance-Use Disorders and Substance-Induced Disorders

Use disorder: Patterns of behavior involving psychoactive substances.
Induced disorder: Disorders caused by psychoactive substances.
Examples of substance disorders: Depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, sleep, sexual dysfunction, and fetal alcohol syndrome.

Paraphilias

Sexual deviations involving arousal to nonhuman objects, humiliation, pain, or children.
Examples: Exhibitionism, fetishism, voyeurism, frotteurism, pedophilia, sexual sadism, coprophilia

Alcohol Poisoning

Signs include smell of alcohol, mental confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow/irregular breathing, hypothermia, aspiration. (if unconscious, call emergency services; do not give food or water)

Gender Dysphoria

Individuals believe they are the opposite gender, high stress and maladaptive behaviors related to gender and lifestyle.

Sexual Deviations

Patterns of arousal to unusual stimuli (nonhuman objects, humiliation, pain, or children).
Common examples include exhibitionism, fetishism, voyeurism, frotteurism, pedophilia, sexual sadism, coprophilia.

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Description

This quiz explores the definitions and symptoms of various anxiety and mood disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and panic disorders. Test your understanding of the psychological terms and learn about the effects of anxiety on physical health and mental well-being.