Medical Parasitology Act 1

MICROSCOPY Activity 1 BIO 132 LAB2 MED PARASITOLOGY Group 1  Our team Aradani Barredo Lorenzo Sharif Nurrafi Kyla Dominique Erleen Que Samson Tomas King Olivfer Efreal Kent Lee Airiz Noemie  Conte...

MICROSCOPY Activity 1 BIO 132 LAB2 MED PARASITOLOGY Group 1  Our team Aradani Barredo Lorenzo Sharif Nurrafi Kyla Dominique Erleen Que Samson Tomas King Olivfer Efreal Kent Lee Airiz Noemie  Contents 01 02 03 Introduction Objectives Procedure 04 05 Protozoon and 06 Microscope Parts Guide Questions Human Cheek Cells and Functions and Conclusion under Microscope Introduction MICROSCOPY diagnosing infectious diseases identifying and characterizing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi determining the effects of pathogenic (diseases-causing) agents to human  01 Identify the parts and function of a microscope. LEARNING Demonstrate the proper handling and care 02 OBJECTIVES of the microscope. Learn how to use the microscope to view 03 slides of different types of parasites. Procedures Examine and label the parts of the microscope and indicate its function. Parasites: 01 Examine the prepared slides under LPO and HPO. 02 Draw the specimens and indicate its magnification.  Human Cheek Cells Human Cheek Cells Gently scrape the inside of the mouth using a clean 01 toothpick. 02 Smear the cheek cells at the center of the glass slide. 03 Add a drop of 1% methylene blue solution on the sample. Place one end of the cover slip on the slide. Then, slowly 04 lower the other end on top of the sample. Place the slide on the stage and view under the 05 microscope. Illustrate the cheek cells. Indicate the magnification of 06 your illustration. Stereoscopic Microscope  Stereoscopic Microscope Eyepiece: These are the eyepieces through which the viewer looks at the specimen. Diopter: It compensates for the focusing differences between the left and right eye. Stereo Head: It is the moveable top portion of the microscope Bottom Lighting: transmits light up through the stage to show translucent specimens. Stage Clips: help to hold the slides or other thin objects in place on the stage. Stage Plate: It is where the specimen is placed for viewing. Bottom Lighting, Stage Eyepice and Diopter Stereo Head plate and clips  Stereoscopic Microscope Focus Knob: Helps move the head of the microscope up and down to bring a sharp image of the object. Top Lighting: Shines down on the specimen and reflects light off them. Lighting Controls: used to on and off the illuminator. Focus Knob Top Lighting Light Controls  Compound Microscope Revolving Nosepiece: Holds and Eyepiece: Magnifies the image allows rotation of the objective formed by the objective lens for lenses to change magnification. viewing. Objective lens: Provides the Arm: Supports the tube and primary magnification and forms connects it to the base; used for the initial image of the specimen. carrying the microscope. Stage: The platform where the Rack stop: Prevents the objective microscope slide is placed for lenses from getting too close to observation. the slide and damaging it. Condenser: Focuses and directs Stage clip: Holds the microscope light from the illuminator onto slide in place on the stage. the specimen. Coarse focus: Allows for rough Illuminator: Provides the light adjustment of the focus by source necessary to view the moving the stage or objective specimen. lenses quickly. Base: Supports the microscope Fine focus: Provides precise and houses the illuminator and focus adjustment by moving the other components. stage or objective lenses slightly. Entamoeba histolytica cyst Entamoeba histolytica tropozoites Giardia lamblia tropozoites 250x 1000x Balantidium coli Human Cheek Cells Plasmodium vivax 250x 1000x 1000x  Entamoeba histolytica The organism has two forms: a cyst and a trophozoite. The cyst, which is 10-20 micrometers in diameter with four nuclei, is resistant to harsh conditions and can survive outside the body. Upon reaching the large intestine, the cyst releases four amebae that undergo binary fission, producing eight trophozoites (10-60 micrometers in diameter). The trophozoite is the active form that causes damage in the body.  Giardia lamblia Exists in two forms. The cyst is oval-shaped, and is protected by a thick wall, containing four nuclei, making it resilient in harsh environments. Upon ingestion, it excysts in the small intestine, releasing pear-shaped trophozoites that are 9-21 µm in length and 5-5µm in breadth with two nuclei and four pairs of flagella for motility. The trophozoite attaches to the intestinal wall, causing symptoms of giardiasis.  Plasmodium vivax Also known as P. vivax, is one of the parasites that can cause malaria in humans. It's not the most deadly, but it is the most common. It has a similar life cycle to other malaria parasites. It begins by infecting human liver cells, creating schizonts.  Balantidium coli A protozoan that infects a wide range of animals, including pigs and nonhuman primates. It has two forms: a ciliated trophozoite and a cyst, with the cyst being the resistant, infectious form. This protozoan can also infect humans, potentially causing zoonotic transmission, primarily through the ingestion of contaminated water, food, fruits, or vegetables. GUIDE QUESTIONS what is the importance at microscope in parasitology? Diagnostic and research:. Detect and identify parasites Detailed observation of parasite morphology Facilitate the study of parasites life cycle, behavior, and interaction with the host What is the goLD standard for the diagnosis of malaria? The gold standard for diagnosing malaria is microscopic examination of thick and thin blood smear, which detects and identifies Plasmodium species and parasitemia levels. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTV) are also used for quick detection though less sensitive, while PCR offers high sensitivity, mainly in research settings  Based on your observations, how can you compare Parasitic cell and human cell Human cell: Both: Parasitic cell: Diverse and work maintain Requires nutrient Specialized to invade and exploit a the body's functions, including and suitable host, damaging host tissue to ensure growth, repair, and defence environment survival and reproduction Human cells operate within a They have adaptations that allow them to evade the and work cooperative systemtem together to host's immune system Parasitic are opportunistic, often harming the host to thrive.  DIFFERENTIATE AND COMPARE STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPE AND COMPOUND MICROSCOPE. GIVE THE USAGE OF STEREO MISCROSCOPE. STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPE To view very small specimens. Has optical resolution between 6x to 50x. Not preferably for viewing small and detailed object due to its limited optical resolution. Used to view three-dimensional objects such as coins and is applicable in various fields such as in surgery, paleontology, entomology, biological research , quality control, etc. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE Utilized to view very small specimens. Has higher optical resolution, typically ranges from 40x-1000x. Relies on multiple magnifying lens to produce an enlarged image. It's most commonly used in pathology labs to identify viruses and bacteria. This microscope can be used to examine plant cells and the bacteria that live on them. It is used to determine the presence or absence of minerals and metals in blood samples and other biological materials. ENUMERATE THE PROPER WAYS OF TAKING GOOD CARE OF THE MICROSCOPE. Handle with Care: When carrying the microscope, hold one hand on the base and one hand on the arm. Keep lenses clear of slides: You should never allow the lens to touch the slide you are looking at. Clean after using immersion oil: Always ensure the objectives are cleaned immediately after use. Cover when not use: Always keep your microscope covered when not in use and store in a cabinet. Look after the bulb: Turn off the illuminator and wait for it to cool for several minutes before storing. Store in a clean and dry place. It is needed to use special lens paper for cleaning the lenses. Always let your microscope be serviced professionally.  CONCLUSION In this activity, the students were able to determine the different parts and the corresponding functions of the compound and stereoscopic microscope. We were able to learn that compound microscope are often used to view very small specimen while stereoscopic microscope views larger and three-dimensional objects. There are numerous ways to handle microscope properly such as covering it when not in use. Lastly, the students were able to view some parasites that causes diseases in humans THANK YOU! REFERENCES: Koenig F. 2018 May 11. What is a Stereo Microscope? New York Microscope Company Microscope maintenance. (2013 ). Microscope- shop.com.aw Stereo Microscope vs. Compound Microscope: A beginners Guide. (2020, November 16). Nuhsbaum