Immunology PDF

Immunology Immunoglobulins IgA- viral protection IgE- allergy and parasite infestation IgG- second antibody protection IgM- primary antibody protection Allergies Basophils release histamine during an allergic response In pts with latex allergies → assess for allergies to bananas, ki...

Immunology Immunoglobulins IgA- viral protection IgE- allergy and parasite infestation IgG- second antibody protection IgM- primary antibody protection Allergies Basophils release histamine during an allergic response In pts with latex allergies → assess for allergies to bananas, kiwis, apricots, avocados, grape Sepsis Medical emergency in which the body’s response to an infection gets out of control, which can cause tissue damage and organ failure S/sx: Hypotension, tachycardia, SOB, fever, confusion Anaphylaxis Severe allergic reaction that requires immediate intervention S/sx: nausea/vomiting, SOB, rash, anxiety HIV Spread by contact through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk No cure but can be controlled. Pt is on standard precautions Priority: prevent infection Lab testing: positive ELISA, Western blot test, PCR If not treated, it can lead to AIDS AIDS Virus caused by HIV S/sx: low WBC, low CD4, low platelets, weight loss, fever, night sweats, weakness, infections Pt must maintain strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy Official diagnosis: CD4+ falls below 200 cells/mcl Incubation is variable, but typically occurs within 10 years after infection Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Autoimmune disease that causes extensive inflammation and tissue damage S/sx: butterfly rash, joint pain, fever, fatigue, weight loss, nephritis Triggers: sunlight, stress, drugs, pregnancy NI: teach patient to avoid sunlight exposure, provide steroids, advise patient to wash skin with mild soap