Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) Lecture Notes PDF

Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) LEC. 2 Level 2- Fall Semester By: Walaa Shoeib Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University. What is the Mechatronics This type of engineering focuses on mechanical and electrical systems and may inc...

Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) LEC. 2 Level 2- Fall Semester By: Walaa Shoeib Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University. What is the Mechatronics This type of engineering focuses on mechanical and electrical systems and may incorporate computer systems, robotics, control systems, electronics, and telecommunications. Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering 1 Statics and Dynamics 2 Materials Science Understanding forces, Selecting the right motion, and equilibrium materials for each equilibrium is component is critical for fundamental to designing for ensuring strength, designing and analyzing durability, and analyzing mechanical functionality. systems. Manufacturing Processes 3 Various techniques like machining, casting, and molding are molding are used to create the physical components of of mechatronic systems. preencoded.png Principles of Electrical Engineering Circuit Design Electronics Power Systems Understanding basic circuit Modern electronics, like Efficiently managing circuit concepts, like microprocessors and power sources, such as resistors, capacitors, and sensors, play a crucial role batteries and generators, and inductors, is essential in enabling complex generators, is vital for essential for powering and functionality and ensuring the reliable and controlling communication. operation of mechatronic mechatronic systems. mechatronic systems. preencoded.png  Check Attendance ! 5 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Systems Microprocessor Microcontroller Fundamentals Architecture Microprocessors are the Microcontrollers are specialized brains of mechatronic specialized microprocessors systems, executing designed for embedded instructions and performing applications, often incorporating performing calculations. incorporating peripherals for for specific functions. Programming Languages C, C++, and Assembly languages are commonly used to program microprocessors and microcontrollers, providing the necessary instructions for control and data processing. preencoded.png Sensors and Actuators 1 Sensors Sensors gather information about the environment, such as temperature, pressure, or position, providing critical feedback to the control system. 2 Actuators Actuators translate control signals into physical actions, actions, such as moving motors, opening valves, or or controlling lights. 3 Sensor-Actuator Integration The interplay between sensors and actuators creates a closed- closed-loop control system that enables precise and responsive actions. preencoded.png Component of mechatronics system Future Trends and Applications of of Mechatronics Internet of Things (IoT) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Connecting mechatronic systems to AI algorithms are being integrated systems to the internet enables data integrated into mechatronic systems data exchange, remote control, and systems to enhance decision-making, and sophisticated applications. making, learning, and adaptive control. Additive Manufacturing (3D Sustainability and Green Printing) Technologies 3D printing allows for rapid Mechatronics plays a crucial role in prototyping and custom fabrication in developing energy-efficient and of complex mechatronic components. and sustainable solutions for transportation, energy generation, generation, and other sectors. preencoded.png Input Signals of a Mechatronic System Mechatronic systems rely on input signals to perceive their environment and make informed decisions. These signals carry information about various parameters, enabling the system to respond appropriately. WS preencoded.png Types of Input Signals 2 Digital Signals 1 Analog Signals Continuously varying Discrete signals that signals that represent represent data in binary physical quantities like form (0s and 1s) for temperature or pressure. processing by computers. preencoded.png Sensor Technologies Sensor Type Measurement Applications Position Sensors Displacement, Robotics, machine distance control Temperature Heat HVAC systems, Sensors process control Pressure Sensors Force per unit area Hydraulic systems, medical devices preencoded.png Sensors: Types and Applications 1 Position Sensors 2 Temperature Sensors Measure the position or displacement of an object, using Detect temperature variations using thermistors or technologies like potentiometers or encoders. These are thermocouples. These play a vital role in maintaining optimal essential for feedback control in mechatronic systems. operating conditions for systems. 3 Pressure Sensors 4 Light Sensors Measure pressure levels in fluids or gases. These are crucial for Detect light intensity, used in applications like automated monitoring and regulating fluid flow in mechatronic systems. lighting systems or object detection. preencoded.png Signal Conditioning and Interfacing Amplification Boosting signal strength for processing. Filtering Removing unwanted noise and interference. Conversion Transforming analog signals to digital form or vice versa. preencoded.png Sensor Selection Criteria Accuracy Response Time How closely the sensor reading How quickly the sensor reacts to matches the true value. changes. Operating Range Cost The limits of the sensor's Balancing performance with measurement capabilities. budget constraints. preencoded.png Best Practices for Input Signal Handling 1 Calibration Ensuring accurate readings by comparing sensor output to known standards. 2 Noise Reduction Implementing shielding, filtering, and grounding techniques to minimize interference. 3 Signal Integrity Maintaining the quality and accuracy of signals throughout the system. preencoded.png Overview of Output Signals in Mechatronic Systems 1 Signal Type 2 Signal Format Types of output signals include Output signals can be analog, digital, or pulse signals. transmitted in various formats, These signals represent such as voltage, current, commands or data that control frequency, or pulse width. The actuators and other system choice of format depends on the components. specific actuator and its requirements. 3 Signal Interpretation Actuators are designed to interpret the received signals and convert them into mechanical motion or changes in physical properties. preencoded.png Introduction to Output Actuators Mechanical Components Actuators typically include mechanical parts like gears, shafts, and linkages that translate electrical or fluid energy into motion. Control Systems Actuators often have internal control systems that regulate their speed, position, or force based on input signals. Output Mechanisms The actuator's output mechanism can be linear (straight line movement) or rotary (circular movement), depending on the specific application. preencoded.png Hydraulic Actuators Working Principle Advantages Applications Hydraulic actuators utilize hydraulic High force output Construction equipment, heavy fluid and pressure to generate force Smooth and precise motion machinery, and aerospace systems and motion. This pressure is controlled often rely on hydraulic actuators. Relative ease of control by hydraulic pumps and valves. preencoded.png Pneumatic Actuators Compressed Air Speed Pneumatic actuators use compressed Pneumatic actuators are known for air as their power source. The their fast response time and ability to compressed air is supplied by air move quickly. compressors and controlled by valves. Cleanliness Applications Air is a clean and relatively safe Common applications include medium to use in actuators. This makes automated assembly lines, packaging them suitable for environments where machinery, and robotics. contamination is a concern. preencoded.png Electric Actuators 1 Electric Motors Electric actuators utilize electric motors as their power source. Motors convert electrical energy into rotational or linear motion. 2 Control Electronics Control electronics manage the motor's speed, torque, and direction. They are typically integrated with the motor to provide precise control. 3 Applications Electric actuators are widely used in automation, robotics, and consumer products, offering advantages like precision, efficiency, and low maintenance. preencoded.png Signal Conditioning: Amplification and Filtering Amplification Increases the amplitude of weak signals to make them suitable for processing. Filtering Removes unwanted noise or disturbances from signals, ensuring accurate data acquisition. Conversion Converts signals from one form to another, such as from analog to digital or vice versa. preencoded.png Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 23