Mechatronics Engineering Lec. 3 PDF

Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) LEC. 3 Level 2- Fall Semester By: Walaa Shoeib Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University.  Check Attendance ! 2 Overview of Output Signals in Mechatronic Systems 1 Signal Type...

Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) LEC. 3 Level 2- Fall Semester By: Walaa Shoeib Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University.  Check Attendance ! 2 Overview of Output Signals in Mechatronic Systems 1 Signal Type 2 Signal Format Types of output signals include Output signals can be analog, digital, or pulse signals. transmitted in various formats, These signals represent such as voltage, current, commands or data that control frequency, or pulse width. The actuators and other system choice of format depends on the components. specific actuator and its requirements. 3 Signal Interpretation Actuators are designed to interpret the received signals and convert them into mechanical motion or changes in physical properties. preencoded.png Introduction to Output Actuators Mechanical Components Actuators typically include mechanical parts like gears, shafts, and linkages that translate electrical or fluid energy into motion. Control Systems Actuators often have internal control systems that regulate their speed, position, or force based on input signals. Output Mechanisms The actuator's output mechanism can be linear (straight line movement) or rotary (circular movement), depending on the specific application. preencoded.png Hydraulic Actuators Working Principle Advantages Applications Hydraulic actuators utilize hydraulic High force output Construction equipment, heavy fluid and pressure to generate force Smooth and precise motion machinery, and aerospace systems and motion. This pressure is controlled often rely on hydraulic actuators. Relative ease of control by hydraulic pumps and valves. preencoded.png Pneumatic Actuators Compressed Air Speed Pneumatic actuators use compressed Pneumatic actuators are known for air as their power source. The their fast response time and ability to compressed air is supplied by air move quickly. compressors and controlled by valves. Cleanliness Applications Air is a clean and relatively safe Common applications include medium to use in actuators. This makes automated assembly lines, packaging them suitable for environments where machinery, and robotics. contamination is a concern. preencoded.png Electric Actuators 1 Electric Motors Electric actuators utilize electric motors as their power source. Motors convert electrical energy into rotational or linear motion. 2 Control Electronics Control electronics manage the motor's speed, torque, and direction. They are typically integrated with the motor to provide precise control. 3 Applications Electric actuators are widely used in automation, robotics, and consumer products, offering advantages like precision, efficiency, and low maintenance. preencoded.png  CHAPTER 2 Sensors & Transducers Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 8 Introduction to Sensors Sensors are essential components of modern technology. They detect and measure physical quantities from the WS environment, converting them into electrical signals. preencoded.png Types of Sensors 1 Temperature Sensors 2 Pressure Sensors Measure the force per unit area Measure the temperature of an applied to a surface. an object or environment. 3 Motion Sensors 4 Light Sensors Detect movement or changes in Measure the intensity or color of in position. color of light. preencoded.png Sensor Technology Fundamentals 1 Transduction The process of converting physical quantities into electrical signals. signals. 2 Signal Conditioning Amplifying, filtering, and converting the signals to a usable format. format. 3 Data Processing Analyzing and interpreting the sensor data. preencoded.png Sensing Principles Resistive Sensing Changes in resistance based on the measured quantity. Capacitive Sensing Changes in capacitance based on the measured quantity. Inductive Sensing Changes in inductance based on the measured quantity. preencoded.png Passive Transducers Resistance 1- Potentiometer 2- strain gauge 3- Thermistor 4- thermocouple 13  Potentiometers Rotary potentiometer It consists of resistive element connected between 1,3 Wiper connected with terminal 2 Linear potentiometer Consists of linear slider, which has a wiper slides along linear element, it has good visual indication of its setting Is made from graphite, wire, carbon, ceramic or metal mixture Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 14 Membrane potentiometer very thin linear variable potentiometers. By pressing down on various parts of the strip, the resistance linearly changes from 100Ohms to 10,000Ohms allowing the user to very accurately calculate the relative position on the strip. Can be used as an accurate positional indicator for CNC head positioning, variable user input (volume level input for example). 15 Strain gauge is its ability to convert mechanical strain into an electrical signal. The gauge consists of a wire or a foil patterned in a zigzaga that is attached to the surface of the material under observation. When the material is subjected to strain, the gauge undergoes deformation, which alters the electrical resistance of the metallic element. This change in resistance is directly proportional to the applied strain, allowing for accurate measurements. Used for measurement of strain due to stress in load cell, torque meters, diaphragm , accelerometer and flow meter. Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 16 Strain gauge measurement Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 17 Problems 18 Problems Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 19 Electronic Measurements- By/ Walaa Shoeib 20