Meal Planning for People With Low Socioeconomic Status and During Emergencies PDF

MEAL PLANNING FOR PEOPLE WITH LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND DURING EMERGENCIES Dr. Walaa Mumena  OUTLINE Food security Food basket Nutritional deficiencies  INTRODUCTION Planning meals for individuals in low-income communities is cha...

MEAL PLANNING FOR PEOPLE WITH LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND DURING EMERGENCIES Dr. Walaa Mumena  OUTLINE Food security Food basket Nutritional deficiencies  INTRODUCTION Planning meals for individuals in low-income communities is challenging Health Services Education  FOOD SECURITY “when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active, healthy life” (World Food Summit,1996) 4 (FAO, 2007) 5  WHY FOOD SECURITY IS A CONCERN? Food insecurity linked to poor health status Food insecurity linked to poor intake of fruit, vegetables, meats and milk Food insecurity linked to higher intake of energy-dense & nutrients-poor foods Food insecurity linked to obesity in high and middle-income countries Food insecurity linked to undernutrition in low-income developing countries 6  UNDERNUTRITION Insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual's needs to maintain good health Underweight→ low weight-for-age Stunting → low height-for-age Wasting→ low weight –for-height 7  WHAT CAN WE DO? Emergency food assistance (WFP 900 distribution points in Syria) Target populations with high nutritional risk Start with isolated populations Provide 3 or 4 kg of food per person per week Balanced diet is not a concern only sufficient energy For short time, 1700 Kcal/d will prevent severe malnutrition WHO/FAO recommends 2,100 kcal per person, 10-12% protein and 17% fat, and micronutrients such as vitamin A, iron, iodine and zinc. Financial help 8  DELIVERY METHODS Air dropped Local’s help Food campaign Form of food is distributed based on situation Culture factor is considered when preparing food 9  FOOD BASKET Nutritionally-appropriate food basket is formulated to meet local needs, that it arrives on time and in coordinated fashion Foods that are needed in small amounts (e.g. iodized salt and fortified blended foods) but they are often important for positive nutrition outcomes 10  CONTENT OF FOOD BASKET Grains including rice, corn or Fortified powdered milk (A wheat flour &D) Based on region (Asian countries Vegetable oil, iodine salt vs. North African countries) Meat and alternatives Specific products could be Legumes available for individuals with Canned meat chronic diseases (gluten Canned fruits and vegetables free products..) 11 12  THE WFP FOOD BASKET Staple such as wheat flour or rice→ 400g Lentils, chickpeas or other pulses→ 60g Vegetable oil (fortified with vitamin A and D)→25g Sugar→ 15g Iodized salt→ 15g Energy=2100kcal 13  SUPPLEMENTARY RATION Access to some but not enough food Often consists of a fortified blended food, sugar and vegetable oil OR Ready-to-eat food fortified with vitamins and minerals 14 15 16 17 ‫ولك مثل أجره ‪5‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬  SAUDI FOOD BASKET FOR SYRIAN 75kg for family of 6 for 30 days Provide 3kg of food per person per week→ within the recommendation 19  OIL-FOR FOOD PROGRAM IN BAGHDAD 200g of tea 250g of chick peas 125g of beans 125g of lentils 1kg of cooking oil 2kg of sugar 3kg of rice 8kg of flour 125g of powdered milk 100g of iodized salt 6kg of baby formula 800g of baby food 20  IS ANY FOOD MISSING? What about the quality of protein? Plant protein vs. animal protein Incomplete protein→ could be complete using protein blends 21 22 NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES WHAT ABOUT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES?? Scurvy→ vitamin C deficiency  IS IT APPROPRIATE FOR LONG - TERM CON SUMPTION? Populations who are dependent on food aid are at higher risk of developing Pellagra→ vitamin B3 deficiency (niacin)➔ meats Beriberi→ vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)➔ meats, milk and nuts and seeds 25  PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION Marasmus➔ insufficient energy intake (wasting) Kwashiorkor➔ severe restrictions in protein intake (edema) Marasmic-kwashiokor➔ mask malnutrition due to edema MANAGEMENT OF PROTEIN - EN ERGY MALNUTRITION IODINE DEFICIENCY  IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA (IDA) Infant in developing countries are at higher risk ➔ lack of accessibility to fortified formula (breast fed and breast milk his not good source of iron) Complementary foods are mainly carbohydrates and/or legumes and typically rich in iron absorption inhibitors  SPECIALIZED NUTRITIOUS FOODS Fortified Blended Foods (FBFs) Ready-to-Use Foods High-Energy Biscuits Micronutrient Powders Iron-Containing micronutrient powders➔ Sprinkles in Africa FOOD AND N UTRITION FOR AFRICA (RESOURCE BOOK)