ME-EngOCC-11-Q1-0601_PS_What-Are-Speech-Acts_ PDF

Learn about It Welcome to Oral Communicati Try it! Warm-Up “It’s warm in here,” says a student coming into the classroom. Give the following: literal meaning underlying meaning action that could be done base...

Learn about It Welcome to Oral Communicati Try it! Warm-Up “It’s warm in here,” says a student coming into the classroom. Give the following: literal meaning underlying meaning action that could be done based on the statement  Try it! Warm-Up Now, let’s notice that the simple statement ‘it’s warm in here’ could be interpreted in three ways. As mentioned a while ago, the statement could mean that the speaker is just plainly commenting about the temperature. However, the speaker might also associate it with the emotions of anger or intensity of feelings in the room. Lastly, the speaker may be uttering ‘it’s warm in here’ in order to suggest that someone must turn on the ventilation or lower the  Review What do you know about the following words? communication utterances interlocutor Lesson 6.1 Speech Acts  Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to distinguish types of speeches and speech style (EN11/12OC-Ifj-17). Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to do the following: Identify the two types of utterances. Distinguish the type of utterances in conversations and other forms of discourse.  Learn about It Speech Act Theory Language or words are used as a tool to convey messages, ideas, and opinions. However, speech goes beyond the words that you literally say. Each time you speak, you are actually doing something; that is, you are performing an action. This is referred to as a speech act.  Learn about It In 1962, John Langshaw Austin proposed the speech act theory. This theory was further developed by John Rogers Searle in 1969. It is based on the premise that words not only convey information but that they can also carry out actions. Both Austin and Searle are concerned with what the speaker means—which is his or her intention—when he or she says something rather than what the utterance literally means in a language.  Learn about It The speech act theory regards language as an action instead of as a medium for conveying and expressing ideas. This is often used in the field of philosophy of languages. Previously, it was conceived that the very basic unit of communication is words, symbols, or sentences. However, the speech act theory disagrees with this, stating that the very basic unit of communication is the production or issuance of words, symbols, and sentences. These basic units serve as the building blocks of mutual understanding between people  Learn about It Speech Act Theory proposed by John Langshaw Austin in 1962 further developed by John Rogers Searle in 1969 concerned with what the speaker means— which is his or her intention—when he or she says something rather than what the utterance literally means in a language  Learn about It Kinds of Utterances 1.Constative utterances describe a situation or insinuate assertions. Examples: “She can write.” “Tahani is getting married.” “The weather seems fine.”  Learn about It Kinds of Utterances Constative utterances -In the utterances above, the interlocutor simply stated descriptions or observations.  Learn about It Kinds of Utterances 2.Performative utterances are words that incite action. Examples: “Leave.” “I order you to keep silent.” “Submit your project now.”  Learn about It Kinds of Utterances Performative utterances -In these examples, the speaker wants the person he is speaking with to perform an action, so he uses certain words in a certain context that direct the other person to perform the  Learn about It Later on, Austin found that there is no clear distinction between these two types of utterances. For instance, saying “The door is open” may incite action, as the listener may take it to mean that the speaker wants him or her to enter or exit the room through the door. Because of the lack of clear distinction, Austin then reviewed the matter and created new classifications of speech acts: locution, illocution, and  Learn about It Classification of Speech Acts 1.locution 2.illocution 3.perlocution  Learn about It 1.locutio n -refers to the actual words or phrases used in a speech act —the specific language and structure of the utterance. It focuses on the literal meaning or content of what is said, without considering the intention behind it or its effect on the listener. In linguistics, it's the "what" of communication —the spoken or written expression itself.  Learn about It 1.locutio n -A locutionary act is defined as the act of producing meaningful utterance. However, Searle replaced this concept with what he calls the propositional act. It pertains to the act of “saying something” in the normal sense.  Learn about It Locution could be performing one of the following functions: asking or answering a question announcing a verdict or an intention giving information pronouncing words making an appeal giving criticism identifying or describing  Learn about It locution example -In the sentence, "Can you pass the salt?", the locution is the literal arrangement of words asking about the ability to pass the salt.  Learn about It 2. illocution -refers to the intended meaning or function behind an utterance, beyond just the words spoken. It is the purpose or intention of the speaker when making an utterance, such as giving a command, making a request, offering advice, or asking a question.  Learn about It -In 2. illocution speech act theory, the illocutionary act is what the speaker is doing with their words. For instance, if someone says, "Can you pass the salt?" the locution (the literal meaning) is a question about ability, but the illocution (the intention) is a polite request to actually pass the  Learn about It Examples of illocutionary acts: Assertion: "The sky is blue." (The speaker is stating a fact.) Promise: "I will call you tomorrow." (The speaker is committing to an action.) Order: "Close the door." (The speaker is commanding someone to take an action.) Apology: "I'm sorry for being late." (The speaker is expressing regret.)  Learn about It In summary, the illocution is about what the speaker is trying to achieve with their words, whether it's to inform, request, promise, or perform some other communicative action.  Learn about It 3. -refers to the effect or impact that an utterance has on perlocution the listener or audience. It focuses on the consequences of what is said, including how the listener interprets, reacts to, or feels about the utterance. In speech act theory, the perlocutionary act is concerned with the results of the communication, rather than just the words used or the  Learn about It For example: If someone says, "Could you please close the window?" the locution is the actual request, the illocution is the intention behind that request, and the perlocution could be the listener actually closing the window or feeling obliged to do so.  Learn about It In summary, perlocution is about the outcome of communication—what happens as a result of the utterance and how it influences the listener's thoughts, feelings, or actions.  Learn about It Locution: This is about the words themselves. It refers to the literal meaning or the specific statement made. Example: Saying "It's cold in here." Illocution: This is about the intention behind the words. It refers to what the speaker is trying to accomplish with the statement, such as making a request, giving an order, or making a promise. Example: Saying "It's cold in here" might be intended as a request to close a window. Perlocution: This is about the effect on the listener. It refers to how the listener reacts to the statement or what the statement leads the listener to do or feel. Example: Because of "It's cold in here," the listener might feel compelled to close the window.  Learn about It In summary: Locution-What is said (the words). Illocution- What is meant (the intention). Perlocution-What happens as a result (the effect on the listener). Essential Question How do speech acts affect communication?  Values Integration The speech act theory states that to speak is to act. Whenever we say or utter something, we do it for certain intentions. However, we still happen to misinterpret or misunderstand things. What values should we inhibit in order to prevent misunderstanding whenever we communicate? Questions ? Study for the SUMMATIVE exam on Wednesday Than k  Bibliography Changing Minds. n.d. Speech Act Theory. Accessed May 8, 2018. http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/speech_act.htm. Cohen, L. Jonathan. “Searle’s Theory of Speech Acts.” The Philosophical Review 79, no. 4 (October 1970): 545-57. Accessed May 7, 2018. Searle, John R. 1999. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. TedEd. n.d. Speech acts: Constative and performative - Colleen Glenney Boggs. Accessed May 8, 2018. https://ed.ted.com/lessons/speech-acts-constative-and-performative-colleen-glenney-boggs.