MCDB 1A Fall 2024 Review Sheet for Midterm Exam 1 PDF

MCDB 1A Fall 2024 Review Sheet for Midterm Exam 1 Kranzfelder Biochemistry (week 0-2) Lecture 1: First day of class First day of class stuff 😊 Des...

MCDB 1A Fall 2024 Review Sheet for Midterm Exam 1 Kranzfelder Biochemistry (week 0-2) Lecture 1: First day of class First day of class stuff 😊 Describe the common unifying themes (or core concepts) of biology. Lecture 2: IntroducNon to the Chemistry of Life (Water) Indicate 1) the electron distribuNons in each covalent bond, 2) the parNal charges on each atom, and 3) each hydrogen bond in several water molecules that are interacNng Compare hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds in terms of the mechanisms and strength of aRracNon between the atoms involved Describe how H2O dissociates into hydroxide ions (OH-) and hydrogen ions (H+) Define the terms acid, base, and pH. Sketch the pH scale and note where on the scale you find strong acids, strong bases, and water Lecture 3: Macromolecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids Describe the variety and chemical properNes of some biologically important chemical groups Assemble polymers from monomer units DisNnguish among the different forms of carbohydrates molecules, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides Compare and contrast different forms of lipids, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids Lecture 4: Macromolecules: Proteins and Nucleic Acids Describe at least three funcNons that proteins serve in cells Label the four components of an amino acid and explain the role of each in terms of how the molecule funcNons in a protein Describe each of the four levels of protein structure and explain how each influences the protein's final size, shape, and chemical properNes IdenNfy the general structure of a nucleoNde, including a sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups Lecture 5: Nucleic Acids as geneNc informaNon & DNA ReplicaNon Describe the structure of a DNA strand and the DNA double helix. Define complementary base pairing, and explain its connecNon to the observaNon that DNA strands are anNparallel Explain the statement: “A newly synthesized DNA strand is half old and half new”  MCDB 1A Fall 2024 Review Sheet for Midterm Exam 1 Kranzfelder Given a diagram of a DNA molecule during replicaNon, idenNfy the following: the origin of replicaNon, direcNons of replicaNon, replicaNon fork, the leading strand, and lagging strands Describe the funcNon of several proteins at the replicaNon fork: helicase, topoisomerase, DNA polymerase, and primase Lecture 6: TranscripNon Summarize the flow of informaNon in cells from gene to protein, including mRNA, DNA, and proteins On diagrams of transcripNon iniNaNon, elongaNon, and terminaNon, idenNfy the template and coding strands, iniNaNon complex, promoter site, RNA polymerase, the direcNon of RNA polymerase movement, and direcNon of RNA synthesis Lecture 7: TranslaNon Describe RNA processing (modificaNon), especially addiNon of 5’ cap and 3’ poly A tail and process of splicing that produces mature eukaryoNc mRNA On diagrams of translaNon iniNaNon, translaNon elongaNon, and translaNon terminaNon, idenNfy the small and large ribosomal subunits, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, reading frame, start codon, stop codon, release factor, and tRNA binding sites (E, A, and P) Explain how the geneNc code specifies the relaNonship between the sequence of codons in mRNA and the amino acid sequence of a polypepNde. Cell Biology (Week 3) – dra