MCAT Review - Anatomy PDF

System Organ Function Anatomy Also Related To Understanding Central Nervous System Hindbrain balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, and general arousal processes contains the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation brain stem Weak Central Nervous System Midbrain sensorimot...

System Organ Function Anatomy Also Related To Understanding Central Nervous System Hindbrain balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, and general arousal processes contains the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation brain stem Weak Central Nervous System Midbrain sensorimotor reflexes to visual and auditory stimuli contains the inferior and superior colliculi; gives rise to some cranial nerves brain stem Weak Central Nervous System Forebrain complex percetual, cognitive and behavior processes such as emotion and memory (e.g. a developed forebrain is what separates the cognitive ability of humans from wild animals) contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbi system, and cerebral cortex cerebral cortex Unsure Central Nervous System "dominant" hemisphere language comprehension, motor function usually the left-hemisphere of the brain Strong Central Nervous System "nondominant" hemisphere sense of direction usually the right-hemisphere of the brain, even for left handed people Weak Central Nervous System Thalamus relay station for sensory information forebrain Strong Central Nervous System Hypothalamus in charge of homeostasis (body temperature, endocrine) forebrain Central Nervous System Septal Nuclei pleasure-seeking forebrain limbic system Weak Central Nervous System Amygdala emotions (fear and agression) forebrain limbic system Strong Central Nervous System Hippocampus memory and learning forebrain limbic system Strong Central Nervous System Fornix communication within limbic system forebrain limbic system Weak Central Nervous System Medulla Oblongata vital functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) brainstem Unsure Central Nervous System Pons sleep brainstem Weak Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex complex percetual, cognitive and behavior processes such as emotion and memory (e.g. a cerebral cortex is what separates the cognitive ability of humans from wild animals) outer layer of cerebrum Central Nervous System Cerebrum Central Nervous System Cerebellum posture, balance, motor coordination BELow the cerebrum Central Nervous System Brocca's Area motor production of speech frontal lobe Strong Central Nervous System Wernicke's Area language comprehension temporal lobe Strong Central Nervous System Pituitary secretes hormones Strong forebrain contains the cerebral cortex, limbi system, and basal ganglia Strong Strong hindbrain Strong Strong Vision Visual Pathway - retina ---> optic nerve ---> optic chiasm ---> optic tracts ---> lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus ---> visual radiations ---> visual cortex Vision Cones detects color fovea Strong Vision Rods detects light around the periphery of the retina Strong Weak Weak Hearing Auditory Pathway - cochlea ---> vestibulocochlear nerve ---> medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus ---> auditory cortex Hearing Cochlea detects sound inner ear Hearing Utricle detect linear acceleration in the ear otolithic organs Weak Hearing Saccule detect linear acceleration in the ear otolithic organs Weak Hearing Semicircular canals detect rotational acceleration in the ear Digestive Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon Strong Digestive Gallbladder stores bile Strong Digestive Liver creates bile detoxifies drugs Strong Digestive Stomach protein digestion via proteases that work in acidic pH Strong inner ear Weak Unsure