Medieval Europe Revision Booklet PDF

Medieval Europe Revision - Study Notes The Feudal System The Feudal System: The Feudal System is for organising the land use and controlling people was feudalism or the feudal system Charlemagne introduced Feudalism in the 9th century...

Medieval Europe Revision - Study Notes The Feudal System The Feudal System: The Feudal System is for organising the land use and controlling people was feudalism or the feudal system Charlemagne introduced Feudalism in the 9th century to control large areas in France. In 1066, William of Normandy (William l) introduced Feudalism in England. William claimed England’s land as his own and then divided it to the lords who were loyal to him. Each member of society in the Feudal system had a role to play as the system was based on reciprocated relationships, between a lord and his vassal. Medieval Society Under Feudalism: Monarch/King Gave land to the tenants in chief who paid rent in form of loyalty and military support Tenants in chief (lords Provided fully equipped knights to serve 40 and bishops) days per year in the monarch army. Gave the king money, advice and prayers as appropriate Sub tenants (knights Fought wars for the king (knight) or praying and lesser clergy for his success (clergy) members) Guard and protecting the person and the property of the chief tenant The knights could not manage all of their land either, so they kept some for themselves and allowed the peasants to rent the rest. Peasantry Paid for the use of the spare land by working the knight or lord’s land Paying taxes in the form of crops.  People in the Medieval World Nobility: Nobles were granted land (manorialism) by king and in return provided military support and money They governed their land, collected taxes and maintained order. Vassals to the king but lords to their own vassals (knights) Obligation to peasants who worked their land (had to protect them) Lords lived on the income from their estates. Noblewomen married someone who would add to her family’s wealth and influence Lady took charge of the household whilst the husband was absent serving the king. Children received education to prepare them for their future roles and responsibilities. The Lord's son might be educated in mathematics, philosophy and grammar. Lord’s daughter would learn to organise a household and be trained in music, singing and good manners. Knights: Knights were vassals to the nobles, receiving land in exchange for military service. They were the warrior class responsible for protecting the land and enforcing the lord’s rule. They could also have their own vassals as they had authority over the peasants on their land. Followed the code of chivalry Usual way to win a knighthood was to be born into a noble family. Other times a knight could proclaim another man a knight. Process to become a knight: Page (Boy Servant) At the age of eight, a boy was sent to the court of a lord to learn the skills he would need as a squire and knight (clean clothing, serve lord at the table, cook and familiarise himself with the weapon. I Learned to ride a horse. Squire 14 years of age Act as an assistant to a knight, learn to clean equipment, ride with master on business, fight in a braille if need be and carry a lance and shield. Some squires never became knights and were esquires (professional knight assistance) Knight After a few years, man would be asquire.  In Front of witness he would take his oaths and lord would confer his knighthood. Code of Chivalry Knights followed the code of chivalry Rule of ethics, honour and courtesy that knights followed Began its development in the 1100s and can be described through three terms: Courtesy, Religion, institution of Religion Clergy Members: Members of the Church Responsible for religious services, education and care for the poor and sick. Church owned vast lands and had significant political power High ranking clergy (bishops0 often came from noble families Parish Priests interacted closely with peasants. Pople Had supreme authority over the Church In charge of religious and political decisions. Cardinal Advisors of the Pope, provided spiritual , political and religious advice to the Pope Archbishop Tasked with overseeing group of bishops in the archdiocese Bishop Manage a group of Parish Priests in the diocese Feudal lord Parish Priest Religious leader of a manor/town Peasants: Expected to provide for and protect their families to fulfil the feudal obligations. Took part in all forms of farm work and served as soldiers. Made up the largest part of the population (90%) Worked the land producing foods and goods. Had a direct relationship with their lord whom they owed labour, crops and other services. Received protection from the lord and the right to work their land. Tenants/Freemen Serfs/Villeins Cottars Bought their Owned by the lord They had no land freedom and paid and bound to the other than their rent and services land. cottage plot and for the land they survived by  used. craftwork or by working for other peasants or the lord of the manor. Medieval Guilds What were guilds? Guilds were mediaeval organisations that set work standards for members in trade. How did someone become a member of a guild? Artisans and craftsman were highly skilled so these guilds helped share their secrets with and ensure unqualified craftsman did not try to work in their local area Apprentice Children (between the ages of 7-13) would be sent as an apprentice to live with a qualified craftsman of the guild. Children would do simple and repetitive work to learn the skills of the craft. Journeymen After 7-9 years of unpaid apprenticeship, apprentice would be designated a journeyman in the guild The worker was competent in his craft and could go out and work for wages. Master Craftsman After several years, the journeyman might seek the status of master To get this, worker must submit best piece of craftsmanship to guild house where it would be judged Being qualified as a master allowed craftsmen to take an apprenticeship. Guild Services To members Set working conditions Covered members with a type of health services Provided funeral expenses Provided downies for poor girls To the Community Built almshouses for victims of misfortune Guaranteed quality work Took turns policing the streets Donated windows to the Church Living on a Manor Manorialism:  Land was divided into manors which were large agricultural estates owned by nobles. The Manor: The village and surrounding land were called a manor The lord (or lady) controlled the manor and the manor house The lord/lady’s farm area made up one third of the total land. Villages farmed the rest of the land. Every village had a common which villages shared as grazing ;and for their animals. The village also included the Church land (the glebe) There were 100-300 people in the villages. Located next to a stream or river which was used as a water supply for washing clothing and waste products Peasants lived in 1-2 roomed wooden huts whereas the wealthy lived in stone houses or castles that were two or more stories high with multiple rooms.  Medieval Church Christianity and the expansion of the church: Christianity started around 2000 years ago and is based on the teachings of Jesus. Christianity was spread by Jesus’s followers, who travelled to many parts of the empire and set up Churches. During the rule of Emperor Constantine, Christianity was allowed to be practised. In AD 391 it became the official religion of the Roman empire. From this time on the power and influence of the Christian Church began to grow and spread. Medieval Church: In 1054, Christianity formally split into Catholicism (Rome) and into the Orthodox Church (Constantinople). Catholicism was the most powerful religion in Europe by the 1100s To gain favour from God, many nobles left land, property and money to the Catholic Church Belief: People who followed God’s teaching would go to Heaven and those that did not would go to Hell. People honoured by God by going to Mass on Sunday and honouring other holy days throughout the world. People supported their church leaders by paying them the indulgence (a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sin)  The Crusades The Age of Faith In mediaeval times, Christianity was prominent in the western world whereas islam was the main religion in the east. Jerusalem: The city of Jerusalem is a holy place for Judaism, Christianity and islam. Jersulam was important for Chrisrtians who went on pilgrimages as a way of doing penance for their sins In the 11th century, muslim seljuk turks from iran attempted to invade and conquer the territory of the middle east, specifically, Palestine which Christians called the Holy Land because it was where Christ lived and preached The Selijuks also threatened Constantinople emperor Alexis asked the Pope for help Pope Urban the second responded by launching the Crusades in 1095 The Crusades (1095-1291): Series of military campaigns that Christians fought against Muslims and others they believe were enemies of Christianity historians think Pope Urban the second called The Crusaders to: provide safety for Pilgrims, bring Jerusalem and the holy land around it under Christian rule, provide an outlook for violence and thirst for fighting many young knights indulged in Wars, unify Christianity behind the common cause and reunite Catholic and Orthodox church The Third Crusade (1187-1192): Began after selling capture Jerusalem in 1187 after a battle is won and lost by both sides crusader King Richard first of England (the Lionheart) realised he could not achieve his primary aim to win back Jerusalem Sign the Treaty of Jaffa, ensured the safety of pilgrims, Christian sites and Christians living in Jerusalem, allowed Crusaders to keep control of their cities along the Eastern Mediterranean, and promised Muslims and Christians could live freely in other territories. When it says using the sources and your own knowledge you have to include information not included in the sources as well as information from the sources