Maternal Study Guide PDF

**\*VIABILITY / VIABLE** *\>baby can survive outside of the womb* **\*GRAVIDA** ***\>**number of pregnancy* **\*PARA** *\>total number of pregnancy ([past 20 weeks)]* **\*2-3 DAYS** *\>life span of sperm* **\*TESTOSTERONE** *\>primary hormone or male* *\****PROGESTERONE** *\>primary hormo...

**\*VIABILITY / VIABLE** *\>baby can survive outside of the womb* **\*GRAVIDA** ***\>**number of pregnancy* **\*PARA** *\>total number of pregnancy ([past 20 weeks)]* **\*2-3 DAYS** *\>life span of sperm* **\*TESTOSTERONE** *\>primary hormone or male* *\****PROGESTERONE** *\>primary hormone of female* *\>development of ductile structure of the breast* *\>maintain pregnancy* **\*OBSTETRICS** *\>concentrated study on pregnancy* **\*GYNECOLOGY** *\>medical practice dealing of female reproductive* **\*SORANUS OF EPHESUS** *\>who study the anatomy* **\*EPHRAIM McDowell** *\>develops the surgical procedure of the first ovaritume on * **\*J. Marion Sims** *\>first to treat/perform vascouqginql fistula.* **\*19TH CENTURY** *\>year started that male can handle female pregnancy* **\*POLYGAMUS FAMILY** *\>multiple type or parents* **\*COITOS INTERUPTOS** *\>sex/withdrawal* **\*FEMALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE\*** **[\>FALLOPIAN TUBE]** **[\>CERVIX]** **[\>UTERUS]** **[\>VAGINA]** **\*FEMALE EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE\*** **[\>LABIA MINORA]** **[\>LABIA MAJORA]** **[\>VULVA]** **\*FUNCTIONS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE\*** *\>produce sperm and transport* *\>sperm,semen,testosterone,androgen* **\*MONO FAMILY** *\>only one parent* **\*GENOGRAM** *\>a diagram details family structure* **\*GAMETES (sex cells)** *\>both male and female produced* **\*PROSTATE GLAND** *\>has protein* **\*URETHRA** *\>helps sperm out from the male bodies* **\*SCROTUM** *\>to protect the testes from trauma* **\*DARTOS MUSCLE/LAYER** *\>it contract the testes if its cold or warm* **\*SPERM MATURITY CYCLE\*** [FORMATION \> REPRODUCTION \> MATURATION] **\*TESTES** *\>4.5cm long, 2.5cm wide and 3cm thick* **\*TUNICA ALBOGINEA (divided to 200-300 lobes)** *\>covers the testes* **\*SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES** *\>produces sperm* **\*EPIDIDYMIS** *\>maturation of the sperm* **\*HYDROCELE / HYDROCELL** *\>type of swelling scrotum* **\*DUCTAL SYSTEM** *\>vas deferens or ductus deferens* **\*EJACULATORY DUCTS** *\>2 tubes about 2cm long* **\*ACCESSORY GLANDS AND SEMEN** *\>seminal vesicles / rich in alkaline* **\*2ML-5ML FLUID** *\>typical ejaculate* **\*20MILLION-100MILLION** *\>per ml of sperm to produce by male* **\*BULBOURETHRAL (couper's) GLANDS** *\>enhancement of sperm mobility nourishment of sperm / protection of sperm* **\*SEMEN** *\>alkaline fluid and sperm combination* *\>whitish secretion* **\*EMISSION** *\>discharge of semen from urethra* **\*VAGINA** *\>sex cells* *\>birth canal* *\>bulbocavernosus muscles* *\>kegel's exercise* **\*UTERUS (7.5cm long, 5.0 cm wide)** *\>for baby to growth* *\>core of reproduction* *\>organ of menstruation* *\>hollow muscular, thick-walled-pear-shaped organ* **\*40mg-60mg** *\>weight of uterus for non pregnant woman* **\*FALLOPIAN TUBE *(OVIDUCTS)*** *\>10cm trumpet-shaped long* *\>transport and fertilization* *\>extending from the sides of the uterus between the body and the fundus* **\*BREAST *(Mammary Glands)*** *\>located at the 2nd and 6th ribs* *\>covered by skin with darker colored nipple and areola contains **[Montogomery's Glands]*** *\>for breastfeeding* **\*SPERM PATHWAY\*** ***[Testes \> sperm \> epididymis \> vas deferens \>seminal vesicle \> ejaculatory duct \> prostate gland]*** **\*BARTHOLINS GLANDS (vulvaginial glands)** *\>vaginal lubrication* *\>clear, thick, alkaline mucos* **\*HYMEN** *\>vascularized mucos membrane* **\*FOURCHETTE** *\>ridge of tissue formed posteriorly at her labia majora and minora* **\*FOSSA NAVICULARIS** *\>space between fourchette and vaginal opening* **\*G-SPOT ( Grafenberg)** *\>erogenous area of the vagina* *\>strong sexual arousal* **\*SKENE'S GLANDS (Paraurethral glands)** *\>lubricate the external genitalia during intercourse* **\*CLITORIS** *\>center of our reproductive anatomy* **\*FAMILY TYPES\*** *\> Nuclear family* *\>Extended or multigenerational family* *\>Single-parent family* *\>Conhabitation family* *\>Blended family* *\>Communal family* *\>Gay or lesbian family* *\>Foster family* *\>Adoptive family* **\*BROAD LIGAMENT** *\>lateral* **\*ROUND LIGAMENT** *\>anterior* **\*CYCLE\*** ***[6 weeks \> Post-partum \> Return to non-pregnant]*** **\*ANTIVERSION / ANTIVERTED** *\>normal position of uterus to get pregnant* **\*RETROVERSION** *\>tip backward* **\*ANTI-FLECTION** *\>flex uterus* **\*RETRO-FLECTION** *\>flex backward* **\*PERINEUM** *\>great expansion during delivery* **\*LACTOBACILLI MICROBES** *\>protect doderlein bacilli for any harmful bacteria* **\*CUL-DE-SAC OF DOUGLAS** *\>separate the vaginal to rectum* **\*STRUCTURE OF UTERUS\*** ***[FUNDUS \> UTERINE CAVITY \> CERVIX \> MYOMETRIUM \> PERIMETRIUM \> ENDOMETRIUM ]*** **\*ENDOMETRIUM** *\>consist of shed during menstruation* **\*LIGAMENTS (total of 10)** - - - - - - **\*CERVIX** *\>neck of the womb* *\>to lubricate vaginal canal* *\>bacteriostatic agent* *\>provide alkaline* **\*3 LAYERS OF CERVIX** ***\>Endocervix (**inner surface**)*** ***\>Ectocervix (**outer surface of the cervix**)*** ***\>Cervix*** **\*4 PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE\*** ***\>Ampulla*** ***\>Intramural*** ***\>Isthmus*** ***\>Infundibulum*** **\*OVARIES (*6-19gms)*** *\>two female gonads that are located on either side of the uterus* **\*VAGINAL MUCOS** *\>reddish blood (bcos of the sealant)* **\*AMMUTIC FLUID** *\>bag of water before giving birth* **\*ACCESSORY ORGAN** *\>bony pelvis (refer to labor process)* \***FUNCTION OF THE BREAST** *\>nourishment to antibodies to the infants (biological functions)* **\*COLUSTRUS** *\>protect antibodies to infants* **\*ESTROGEN *(part of reproductive function)*** *\>development of ductile structure of the breast* *\>growth spurt* *\>breast development* *\>menarche* *\>vaginal secretion* *\>growth of pubic hair and axillary hair* **\*INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF BREAST** ***\>LOBES (**15-20 lobes found in breast**)*** ***\>LOBULES (**composed of clusters of acini cells**)*** ***\>ACINI CELLS (**milk secreting cells**)*** ***\>LACTIFEROUS DUCT (**passageway of milk**)*** ***\>LACTIFEROUS SINUS (**reservoir of milk**)*** **\*PUBERTY *(reproductive function)*** *\>capable of sexual intercourse in age (10-14 years old)* **\*HPL (Human Placental Lactogen)** *\>promotes breast development during pregnancy* **\*OXYTOCIN** *\>let down reflex* *\>hormones is inhibited by progesterone* **\*PROLACTIN** *\>milk production* **\*ANDROGEN** *\>group of sex hormone* **\*MENSTRUATION** *\>periodic discharge of the vagina of blood* **\*4 SHAPES OF PELVIS\*** ***\>GYNECOID (favorable of vaginal delivery)*** ***\>ANTHROPOID (favorable or vaginal delivery)*** ***\>ANDROID (not favorable of vaginal delivery)*** ***\>PLATYPELLOID*** **\*DIFFERENT MENSTRUAL CONCERNS\*** ***\>AMENORRHEA (absence of menstrual flow)*** ***\>OLIGOMENORRHEA (scantly flow)*** ***\>MENORRHAGIA (excessive flow)*** ***\>METORRHAGIA (abnormal bleeding between regular menstrual periods)*** ***\>DYSMENORRHEA (painful menstruation)*** ***\>HYPOMENORRHEA (abnormally low bleeding / 30ml per menstrual cycle)*** ***\>HYPERMENORRHEA (excessive bleeding over 90ml)*** ***\>MENOMERORHAGIA (abnormal uterine bleeding also known as MENOMETRORRHAGIA)*** ***\>POLYMENORRHEA (short menstrual cycle)*** ***\>MENOPAUSE (cessation of menses /aged 40-55yrs old)*** ***\>POSTMENOPAUSAL PERIOD (time life of following menopause)*** ***\>PERIMENOPAUSAL PERIOD (ovaries gradually stop working)*** ***\**MENOMETRORRHAGIA** *\>extremely heavy and / or prelonged* **\*THE FACTOR THAT INFLUENCE PUBERTY\*** ***\>GENETIC FACTORS ( 50%-80% variation in pubertal timing)*** ***\>ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (endocrine disruptors from pollutants and exposure to chemical compounds)*** ***\>OBESITY*** ***\>MALNUTRITION AND STRENOUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DELAY PUBERTY*** ***\**THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION\*** ***\>THE LARCHE (development of breast)*** ***\>PUBARCHE (development of pubic and axillary hair)*** ***\>MENARCHE (first menstrual period)*** ***\>ADRENARCHE (awakening of adrenal gland)*** **\*MENSTRUAL CYCLE (Ovarian Changes)\*** ***\>PREOVULATORY OR FOLLICULAR PHASE (secretion of follicle,hypothalamus releases,estrogen produced)*** ***\>LUTEAL PHASE (corpus luteum is formed,decline of estrogen and progesterone, secrete more FSH and LH)*** **\*MITTELSCHMERZ** *\>abdominal cramping* **\*MENSTRUAL CYCLE (uterine changes)\*** ***\>MENSTRUAL PHASE 1-5 days (consist of 4-6 days of bleeding as the endometrium breaks down)*** ***\>PROLIFERATIVE PHASE 6-13days (last about 9 days,scretion of LH,ovulation occurs between 12-16 days,estrogen increases)*** ***\>SECRETORY OR LUTEAL PHASE 14-25days (increase in LH level)*** ***\>ISCHEMIC PHASE 26-28days (no pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone level decline)*** ***\**2 PARTS OF MYOTONIA\*** ***\>Muscular Tension*** ***\>Vasocognetion*** **\*HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE\*** ***\>Excitement*** ***\>Plateau (**before orgasm)* ***\>Orgasm*** ***\>Resolution*** **\*FERTILIZATION** *\>Maturation of both sperm and ovum* *\>ability of the sperm to penetrate* **\*ZYGOLE** *\>1-2 weeks* **\*EMBRYO** *\>after 8 weeks* **\*HYALURONIDASE** *\>prolytic enzyme* **\*FETUS** *\>8 weeks to birth* **\*IMPANTATION** *\>contact between the growing structure and the uterine endometrium* *\****MULBERRY ( Morula )** ***\>Trophoblast (outside of the blastocyst & 2 months. Pathways ; to placenta or corpus lutume)*** **\*BLASTOCYST (composed of cavity)** *\>protect and nourish the developing fetus* **\*2 TYPES OF CAVITY\*** ***\>Amniotic cavity*** ***\>Yolk Sac (small cavity)*** **\*3 GERMS LAYER OF CAVITY\*** ***\>Ectoderm (outer / external organ)*** ***\>Mesoderm (middle / tissues or blood vessels)*** ***\>Endoderm (inner most / respiratory tract)*** **\*DECIDUA** *\>endometrium continues to grow in thickness and vascularity* **\*THREE SEPARATE AREAS OF DECIDUA\*** *\>Decidua Basalis* *\>Decidua Capsularis* *\>Decidua Vera* **\*CARDIFF METHOD** *\>the time interval it takes for the mother to feel 10 fetal movements* **\*BASELINE** *\>refers to the average rate of the fetal heart beat per minute* **\*NON STRESS TEST (NST)** *\>measures the response of the FHR to fetal movement* **\*RHYTHM STRIP TESTING** *\>assessment of the FHR in terms of baseline* **\*STRESS TEST / CONTRACTION TEST** *\>evaluating fetal ability to withstand decrease o2 supply* **\*NIPPLE STIMULATION STRESST TEST** *\>breast self stimulation* *\>carries the risk of hyper stimulation* **\*LEOPOLDS MANEUVER 4 GRIPS\*** ***\>CEPHALIC (**presentation and location of the baby)* ***\>FETAL BACK (**locate the fetal back using the bell)* ***\>ENGAGED** (movable,floating not yet uncontact w pelvic)* ***\>ATTITUDE** (flex/extend, brow part)* **\*CS DELIVERY** *\>babies in liquid* **\*SANDOYSKY METHOD** *\>fetus usually moves a minimum of 2x every 10 min.* **\*ASSESSMENT FETAL WELL-BEING\*** **\>*FETAL MOVEMENT (also called quickening, typically follows a consistent pattern)*** ***\>FETAL HEART SOUNDS / RATE (heart rate should be 120-160 beats /min*** ***\>BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE (assesses several variable; [FETAL BREATHING MOVEMENTS, FETAL BODY MOVEMENTS, FETAL MUSCLE TONE, FETAL AMNIOTIC FLUID VOLUME, FETAL HEART RATE REACTIVITY, PLACENTAL GRADE.)]*** ***\>ULTRASOUND (provides immediate results without potential harm to the fetus or the mother)*** ***\>MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM*** ***\>INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (skin covered by soft downy hairs and a cream cheese like subtance)*** ***\**MULTIPAROUS** *\>16 weeks* **\*PRIMIPARA** *\>20 weeks* **\*QUICKENING** *\>1st fetal movements perceived by the mother* **\*VERNIX CASEOSA** *\>cream cheese like subtance* *\>it protect also the baby from hypothermia* **\*120-160BPM** *\>heart rate for infant* **\*12-20** *\>RR for adult* **\*30-60** *\>RR for new born (found at abdomen)* **\*60-80 BPM** *\>heart rate for adult* **\*ACCELERATION** *\>increase of fetal heart everytime there is contraction* **\*DECCELERATION** *\>decreased of fetal work rate* **\*CEPHALIC** *\>fetal head come first* **\*REACTIVE** *\>there is 2 acceleration of your fetal hb lasting 15 seconds after movement* **\*REACTIVE** *\>if no acceleration occur with the fetal movement* **\*STRESS CONTRACTION** *\>method of the evaluating fetal ability* **\*NIPPLE STIMULATION** *\>promotes secretion of extension* **\*MECONIUM** *\>first stool of the baby* *\>color black tarry or dark green* **\*TACHYCARDIA** *\>a heart rate over 100 beats per min.* **\*TACHYPNEA** *\>rapid breathing* **\*BRADYPNEA** *\>abormally slow breathing* **\*APNEA** *\>absence of breathing* **\*TCG MACHINE** *\>to monitor contraction* **\*LEOPOLD MANEUVERS** *\>low-cost noninvasive method of abdominal palpation* **\*AMNIOTIC FLUID** *\>color should be cleared* **\*NAGELE'S RULE** *\>date of confinement* *\>date of delivery* **\*FORMULAS** ***\>Jan-March ([+9+7)]*** ***\>April-Dec ([-3+7+1)]*** **\*PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES \#1\*** ***\>SOCIAL (affect friends,collagues and family)*** ***\>CULTURAL (beliefs)*** ***\>FAMILY (rivalry / emotional stress)*** ***\>PERSONAL INFLUENCES (trauma / more in anxiety)*** ***\**COMMON PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR W PREGNANCY\*** ***\>FIRST TRIMISTER (3months)*** * accepting the pregnancy* ***\>SECOND TRIMISTER (4-6months)*** * accepting the fetus* ***\>THIRD TRIMISTER (7-9months/until delivery)*** * preparing for the baby and end of pregnancy* **\*PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES \#2 (Emotional Response)\*** ***\>Grief*** ***\>Narcissim*** ***\>Introversion versus Extroversion*** ***\>Body Image and boundary*** ***\>Stress*** **\*COLOSTRUM** *\>yellowish discharge of the breast* **\*PRESUMPTIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY (subjective)\*** ***\>AMENORRHEA (2 weeks)*** * low level follicle level* ***\>BREAST CHANGES (2 weeks)*** * high of estrogen* * enlargement and tenderness* ***\>NAUSEA AND VOMITING (2 weeks)*** * morning sickness / excessive vomiting can lead to dehydration* ***\>URINARY FREQUENCY (3 weeks)*** * cause of enlarging of the uterus to bladder* ***\>FATIGUE (12 weeks)*** * cause the body is adjusting to the effect of the body* ***\>UTERINE ENLARGEMENT (12 weeks)*** * can palpate to synthesis pubis/pubic* ***\>QUICKENING (18 weeks)*** * fetal movement* ***\>SKIN CHANGES / PIGMENTATION (24 weeks)*** * due to hyperactive sweat* ***\>STRIAE GRAVIDARON (Striae Albicantes)*** * dark/pink stretchmarks* ***\>CHLOASMA*** * mask of pregnancy (dark area)* ***\>SPIDER HEMANGIOMAS*** * red and blunching due to hormonal changes* ***\>PALMAR ERYTHEMA*** * redness and itching of the hand due to increase of estrogen* ***\>LINEA NIGRA*** * brown line running to umbilicus down to synthesis pubis* **\*PROBABLE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY (objective)\*** ***\>HCG SERUM TEST (1 week)*** *** **elovated* ***\>CHADWICK SIGN (6 weeks)*** * bluish discoloration of the vagina due ti increase of blood supply* ***\>GOODELL SIGN (6 weeks)*** * softening of the cervix* * increase of mucos / oberculum* ***\>HEGAR SIGN (6 weeks)*** * softening of the lower uterine segment* ***\>SONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF GESTATIONAL SAC (6 weeks)*** ***\>BALLOTMENT (16 weeks)*** * passive fetal movement / when you push the big tummy and feel the wavy.* ***\>BRAXTON HICK CONTRACTION (20 weeks)*** * uterine tightening (painless)* ***\>POBABLE (20 weeks)*** * fetal outline felt by examiner* * through palpation of the abdomen* **\*POSITIVE SIGN OF PREGNANCY\*** ***\>AUDIBLE FETAL HEART SOUND*** * 10-12 weeks using doppler* * 18-20 weeks using stethoscope* ***\>SONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF FETAL OUTLINE*** ***\>FETAL MOVEMENT FELT BY THE EXAMINER*** ***\*PUBOCOCCYGEAL*** *\>the muscle that makes up the floor of the abdominopelvic cavity* **\*HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM**