MAPEH Reviewer: Traditional Chinese and Japanese Music (PDF)

MAPEH Reviewer **Music** - **Traditional Chinese Music** - Chinese vocal music has traditionally been **sung in a thin, non-resonant voice, or in falsetto** - Chinese vocal music is usually **solo** rather than choral - All traditional Chinese music is **melodic** rather than harmon...

MAPEH Reviewer **Music** - **Traditional Chinese Music** - Chinese vocal music has traditionally been **sung in a thin, non-resonant voice, or in falsetto** - Chinese vocal music is usually **solo** rather than choral - All traditional Chinese music is **melodic** rather than harmonic - Chinese traditional music is played on **solo instruments or in small ensembles** of plucked and bowed stringed instruments, flutes, and various cymbals, gongs, and drums. - The tonality of Chinese music is **pentatonic**. This means it uses a scale of five notes for melodies. Harmonies are also created within this structure. - The texture of Chinese music is often **monophonic.** - Only one instrument is playing, **or heterophonic**. A heterophonic texture is one where a core melody is simultaneously played with decorated versions of the same melody. - **Timbre** is very important in Chinese music. - Timbre known as **tone color or tone quality**. It also distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments. Example: **Hsiao and Mo Li Hua** - **Traditional Japanese Music** 1. **Shōmyō is** a ritual music sung in **a Buddhist ceremony** by a group of Buddhist monks -- literally translated, the word 'shōmyō' combines the characters for 'voice' and 'wisdom'. 2. **Gagaku is court music,** and is the **oldest traditional music in Japan.** It was usually performed mainly **for powerful nobility and upper classes** at Imperial Courts or the shrines and temples. a. **Kigaku** (Instrumental) b. **Seigaku** (Vocal) - **Theatrical forms** 1. **Kabuki:** Highly stylized dancing and singing, together with its **elaborate make-up.** 2. **Noh:** Often based on tales from traditional literature, with a **supernatural being transformed into human form** as a hero narrating the story -- usually involving a **mask** being worn. Example: **Sakura** **Musical Instruments** - **Chinese Musical Instruments** - Chinese orchestras traditionally consist of bowed strings, woodwinds, plucked strings and percussion. 1. **Yueqin: A moonshaped lute** with shorter neck and four strings, played with a spectrum, used for accompanying local operas 2. **Pipa: A four- stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped body**. It has an extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable expressive power. 3. **Erhu**: **Two-stringed fiddle** and one of the most popular Chinese instruments. 4. **Yunluo:** Literally \"**cloud gongs\" or \"cloud of gongs**\", the yunluo is a set **of ten small tuned gongs** mounted in a wooden frame. 5. **Zheng:** An ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched surface and an elongated-trapezoid with 13 to 21 strings stretched over individual bridges. 6. **Penglin:** These **are two small bells** made of high-tin bronze, and bottomless gourd-like in shape. 7. **Dizi:** Traditional Chinese flute. 8. **Sheng: Chinese mouth organ**, looks like a set of panpipes, with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. - **Japanese Musical Instruments** a. Percussion (Membranophone) 1. **Odaiko (Big drum**): The physical energy and sheer excitement of an Odaiko performance is an integral part of many Japanese matsuri. 2. **Tsuridaiko**: a large **hanging barrel drum** 3. **Tsuzumi:** a. Kotsuzumi(smaller) b. Otsuzumi(larger) 4. **Taiko**: Japanese drum that comes in various sizes and is used to play a variety of musical genres  b. String 5. **Koto**: - is **a 13-string zither**, about two meters long and made **of Paulownia wood.** 6. **Biwa**: **short-necked fretted lute**, often used in narrative storytelling. 7. **Shamisen**: The neck of the shamisen is **fretless and is slimmer** than that of a guitar or a banjo. c. Wind 1. **Shakuhachi**: It has **4 or 5 finger holes** on the front face and a thumbhole on the rear face. 2. **Nokan**: a parallel, bamboo flute is the only melodic instrument used in **noh.** 3. **Hichiriki**: is a double reed Japanese fue used in **gagaku music** with and ryūteki. 4. **Shinobue**: Japanese transverse flute or fue that has a **high-pitched sound.** 5. **Sho**: free reed musical instrument that was **introduced from China** during the Nara period. 6. **Ryuteki:** Japanese transverse fue made of bamboo.  **Arts** **Painting in East Asia** - **Chinese painting** - **guóhuà** meaning \"national\" or \"native painting\", as opposed to Western styles of art which became popular in China in the 20th century. - **Painting Subjects or Themes in China** 1. Flowers and birds 2. Landscapes 3. Palace and temples 4. Human figures 5. Animals 6. Bamboos and stones - **Landscape painting** was regarded as the **highest form** of Chinese painting. - **Silk** was often used as the medium to paint upon, but it was quite expensive. When the Han court eunuch, **Cai Lun**, invented the paper in the 1st Century AD it provided not only a cheap and widespread medium for writing but painting became more economical. - The ideologies of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism played important roles in East Asian art - Chinese art expresses the human understanding of the relationship between nature and human - **Six Principles of Chinese Painting** established by **Xie He** 1. 1\. Observe rhythm and movements. 2. Leave spaces for the eyes to rest 3. Use brush in calligraphy 4. Use colors correctly 5. Live up to tradition by copying the master's artwork. 6. Copy the correct proportion of the objects and nature. The Nymph of the Luo River by Gu Kaizhi Night revels of Han Xizai by Gu hongzhong - **Japanese painting** - **Kaiga, and gadō** is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese visual arts, encompassing a wide variety of genres and styles. - **Painting subjects in Japan** 1. Seen from everyday life 2. Narrative scenes crowded with figures and details. 3. Human figures - **Korean painting** - Korean paintings have subjects such as **landscapes, facial features, Buddhist topics, and an emphasis on celestial observation** in keeping with the rapid development of Korean astronomy. - **Mountain and Water** are important features in Korean landscape painting because it is a site for building temples and buildings. - Landscape painting represents both a **portrayal of nature** itself and a codified **illustration of the human view** of nature and the world. - **Painting subjects in Korea** 1. Landscape paintings 2. **Minhwa** (the traditional folk painting) 3. Four Gracious Plants (**plum blossoms, orchids or wild orchids, chrysanthemums)** 4. Bamboo 5. Portraits Grass and Insects by Shin Saimdang\ A Dancing Boy from the Album of Genre Paintings by Kim Hong-do **P.E.** - **Basketball:** Usually, two teams **of five players** play on a marked rectangular court with a basket at each width end. **Basketball is one of the world\'s most popular and widely viewed sports.** A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim **18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high** mounted to a backboard. - **History**: Invented in **December 1891** by the Canadian clergyman, educator, and physician **James Naismith.** - **Equipment** I. **Basketball Court** -- The size of the court for NBA and College games is **94 feet long and 50 feet wide**. It is smaller for High School and Junior High. II. **Ball** -- The basketball is an inflated sphere with an outer covering. It is **75 to 78 cm in circumference and weighs 600-650 grams**. Made of leather in NBA. III. **Basket** -- also **called goal**. It is made up of **horizontal circular metal rim with a net** hanging from it. It is mounted **3.05 m above floor level**. IV. **Backboard** -- The rigid rectangular board behind the rim. Standard widths are 24"-42", 44: -48", 60"-72". - **Terminologies** I. **Assist** - a pass that subsequently results in a goal being scored. II. **Defensive Play** -- The team aims at preventing the opponents from shooting or gaining possession of the ball. III. **Defensive rebound** - a rebound caught by defenders. IV. **Dribbling** - Bouncing the ball off the floor with your hands as you cover the floor. V. **Drive** - an attacking moves at full speed. VI. **Dunk Shot**- Where a player jumps high, reaches above the ring, and stuffs the ball down through the hoop. VII. **Foul** - Violation of the rules of a game. VIII. **Passing** - Involves all players setting up a play to earn successful shots. IX. **Rebounding** - **one of the major aspects of the game**. It is your ability to jump with power to gain possession of the ball as it bounces to the rim after a failed shot before it touches the floor. X. **Referee** -- Officiating the official in Basketball. XI. **Running** -- Basic skill needed because in this sport, speed defines the best. XII. **Shooting** - Throwing the ball with an intention of getting into the ring. - **Principles of exercise (basketball)** - **Specificity** - Based on your specific goals and needs. Also known as the **Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands / SAID principle**. **Your body adapts to the specific demands on it**; therefore, exercises should be designed to be as close as possible to the specific goals and resemble specific sport movements. - **Progression -** **gradually increasing the load and the stress on the body**. Progressive overload principle can be achieved by changing the **F.I.T.T.** parameters (**Frequency, Intensity, Time of training, Type).** Progressive can be achieved by **increasing frequency, intensity, timing, and modifying the type of exercise**. - **Overload** - to improve fitness and strength, the **load on the body must be greater than what the body is accustomed to**. The stress must be **outside your comfort zone**. - **Regularity** - exercise must be **done at regular intervals and be consistent**. Ideally exercise should be done **3-5 times per week.** - **Tedium** - athletes need **variety in their training** to prevent boredom but also some types of overuse injuries such as strains or even stress fractures. When designing a training program, the FITT principles should also be applied. - **Importance of Coordination and Movement Efficiency** - **Mobility:** refers to the ability of your joints to actively move through the full range of motion. It\'s frequently confused with flexibility, which means the ability of a muscle to lengthen. - **Posture**: A lot of aspects of society support a bad posture. But you can counteract this through your basketball weight workouts. Posture, again, comes back to moving efficiently, decreasing muscle imbalances, and reducing your risk of injury - especially back pain. - **Balance**: move quickly and jumping gives way to a greater risk of falls. You also want to ensure your leg balance is on point to keep from drifting to one side or the other. - **Stability**: refers to the control you have over a movement. This often comes down to smaller muscle groups that support your joints throughout a given movement. **Health** **Importance of Courtship and Dating in Choosing Life Partner** - **Infatuation:** Getting **completely carried away** by unreasoning love. **An addictive** kind of feeling. - **Attraction**: **Admiration for someone** that may include the desire to get to know the person better. The type of feeling where we **recognize that the other person is flawed** and we are willing to know them better. - **Love**: Deep affection for someone and is based on a true desire for the other person's best interest. **The healthiest type of relationship** in which both people are committed to make the best out of each other. - **Courtship:** Precedes the engagement and marriage. The couple is getting to know each other. It is also an opportunity to know the background of each other. I. **ILOCOS and TAGALOG Regions** -- "Tapat" or "Harana" or serenading the woman. II. **BATANGAS** -- Men serve the family of the women by **doing the household chores**. They are also obliged to **pay respect to the women's parents** by saying "Mano po". III. **PANGASINAN** -- they make use of "**Taga-Amo**" a form of **love potion** or that can be rubbed on the skin of the admired. IV. **PALAWAN** -- "**Pasaguli**" or love riddles. This is to assess the **sentiments of their parents**. After pasaguli, they will perform "**PABALIC"** where they **settle the price that the woman's family would get** from the suitor. V. **MINDANAO** -- "**Palabas, sarakahan, tupul, magpasumbahi**" the suitor would **threaten to stab his heart in front of the woman's father** and if the father refuses to give her daughter's hand, the suitor is smitten by a knife. - **Courtship** gives the couple time to get to know the person better. It gives the couple time to understand each other and determine if you can get along with minimal conflicts. - **Dating:** Involves two or more people generally assessing each other's suitability for a potential relationship. It can also be enjoyed while you are already in a relationship. I. **Standard Date** -- involves two people. II. **Double Date** -- two couples go on a date at the same time and place. III. **Group Date** -- where any number of couples can enjoy the date. - **Dating** strengthens relationships, provides partners to spend quality time together, observe one another's character, and know each other better. - **Engagement:** Agreement between two people in love for them to be able to know each other and their families well enough to be sure that they are **ready for a life-long companionship.** This is the period between dating and marriage, where the couple begin to prepare for their **wedding and future with each other.** **\ ** **Keys to successful marriage life** - **Marriage: Highest form of relationship that requires a lot of patience, understanding, compromising and sacrifice for it to work out**. It is the most significant event that may happen to your life. It is two unique individuals, who understand, respect, care, and love each other. Marriage is an inviolable social institution. Its nature, consequences and practices are governed by law and not subject to stipulation except that the marriage settlements may to a certain extent fix the property relations during the marriage. (Civil Code of the Philippines) In Filipinos view, marriage is a **sacrament and a lifelong commitment** wherein husband and wife should work for the success and harmonious relationship at home and among family members. - factors necessary to consider in choosing a lifetime partner to work out for a successful married life - **Maturity**: Can make good decisions, responsible in handling relationships. - **Fidelity**: Can make the relationship lasting, sincere and true to his / her promises. - **Commitment**: Can make peaceful and lasting relationship, dedicated in fulfilling his / her responsibilities. - **Love**: Strengthens relationship, understands one is partner. - **Economic Readiness**: Aims for better future of the family, financially stable, good provider for the needs of the family. - **Physical Maturity**: Proud of having good partner, have healthy body. - **Character:** Responsible and honest, hard-working and industrious, respectful and compassionate, God-fearing and dedicated in fulfilling his / her responsibilities. **Pregnancy and the Changes it does on a Mother's Body** - **Pregnancy** - also known as gestation, is the time during **which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.** - **Discomfort** - a feeling of slight pain. - **Braxton Hicks** - are sporadic contractions and relaxation of the uterine muscle. Sometimes, they are referred to as prodromal or "**false labor\" pains**. - **Morning Sickness** - is a common symptom of pregnancy and is marked by **nausea and occasional vomiting.** - **Trimester** - the **three different stages of pregnancy**. - **Contractions** - is when the muscles of your uterus **tighten up like a fist and then relax**. - **Complications** - a secondary disease or condition **aggravating an already existing one**