Magellan's Voyage PDF

Magellan's Voyage Spanish search for Spice Island (or the Indies)  European Explorations Moluccas, Indonesian Maluku, also known as Spice Islands, Indonesian islands of the Malay Archipelago, lying between the islands of Celebes to the west and New Guinea to the east. The Phili...

Magellan's Voyage Spanish search for Spice Island (or the Indies)  European Explorations Moluccas, Indonesian Maluku, also known as Spice Islands, Indonesian islands of the Malay Archipelago, lying between the islands of Celebes to the west and New Guinea to the east. The Philippines, the Philippine Sea, and the Pacific Ocean are to the north; the Arafura Sea and the island of Timor are to the south. - WRITTEN BY: Virginia Gorlinski https://www.britannica.com/place/Moluccas#ref289818 European Explorations European Explorations European Explorations Vasco Da Gama (1460-1524)  European Explorations Vasco Da Gama - The Portuguese nobleman Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) sailed from Lisbon in 1497 on a mission to reach India and open a sea route from Europe to the East. - After sailing down the western coast of Africa and rounding the Cape of Good Hope, his expedition made numerous stops in Africa before reaching the trading post of Calicut, India, in May 1498. - Da Gama received a hero’s welcome back in Portugal, and was sent on a second expedition to India in 1502, during which he brutally clashed with Muslim traders in the region. Two decades later, da Gama again returned to India, this time as Portuguese viceroy; he died there of an illness in late 1524. - https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/vasco-da-gama  European Explorations Vasco Da Gama European Explorations  10 Portuguese explorers who changed the world 1. Vasco da Gama 2. Pedro Álvares Cabral 3. Ferdinand Magellan 4. Christopher Columbus 5. Diogo Cão 6.Diogo Silves 7. Bartolomeu Dias 8. Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real 9. João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira 10. Duarte Pacheco Pereira The Treaty of Tordesillas The Treaty of Tordesillas  The Treaty of Tordesillas On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created. The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “New World” of the Americas between the two superpowers. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a line in the Atlantic Ocean, about 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, then controlled by Portugal. All lands east of that line (about 46 degrees, 37 minutes West) were claimed by Portugal. All lands west of that line were claimed by Spain. -https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jun7/treaty-tordesillas/  The Treaty of Tordesillas Spain and Portugal adhered to the treaty without major conflict, and the results linger throughout the Americas today. Most Latin American nations are Spanish-speaking countries, for instance, but Portuguese is the leading official language in Brazil. This is because the eastern tip of Brazil penetrates the line agreed to in the Treaty of Tordesillas, so the region was colonized by Portugal. The treaty ignored any future claims of the British and French, the other European superpowers of the time. The British, French, and Russian empires did not claim parts of the Americas for years after the Treaty of Tordesillas. -https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jun7/treaty-tordesillas/  The Treaty of Tordesillas Most importantly, however, the Treaty of Tordesillas, completely ignored the millions of people already living in established communities in the Americas. The treaty stipulated that any lands with a “Christian king” would not be colonized. Christianity had not spread to the Americas, and the resulting colonization proved disastrous for indigenous cultures such as the Inca, Taino, Aztec, Tupi, and thousands of other bands throughout the Americas. -https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jun7/treaty-tordesillas/ TERRITORY CLAIMED Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480–1521) born in Sabrosa, Portugal In search of fame and fortune, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands. En route he discovered what is now known as the Strait of Magellan and became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. Died April 27,1521 in Mactan Cebu  How Magellan became a Spaniards? King Manuel of Portugal King Charles I of Spain By now an experienced When Magellan arrived in Seville in October 1517, seaman, Magellan he had no connections and spoke little Spanish. He soon met another transplanted Portuguese named approached King Manuel of Diogo Barbosa, and within a year he had married Portugal to seek his support Barbosa’s daughter Beatriz, who gave birth to their for a westward voyage to son Rodrigo a year later. The well-connected Barbosa family introduced Magellan to officers responsible for the Spice Islands. Spain’s maritime exploration, and soon Magellan The king refused his petition secured an appointment to meet the king of Spain. repeatedly. In 1517 a The grandson of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, frustrated Magellan who had funded Columbus’ expedition to the New World in 1492, received Magellan’s petition with the renounced his Portuguese same favor shown by his grandparents. Just 18 years nationality and relocated to old at the time, King Charles I granted his support to Spain to seek royal support Magellan, who in turn promised the young king that for his venture. his WESTWARD SEA VOYAGE would bring immeasurable riches to Spain.  Magellan fleet’s Magellan commanded the lead ship Trinidad and was accompanied by four other ships: the San Antonio, the Conception, the Victoria, and the Santiago. The expedition would prove long and arduous, and only one ship, the Victoria, would return home (3) three years later, carrying a mere 18 of the fleet’s original crew of 270.  Italian nobleman Studied astronomy, geography and ANTONIO PIGAFETTA cartography ( c. 1491 – c. 1531) Presented his credentials to Magellan and to the Casa de la Contratacion, the office in charged of voyages to New World. Accompanied Magellan in his fateful circumnavigation of the World Survived the challenges and catastrophes that the expedition encountered along the way and he even got wounded in the Battle of Mactan. Pigafetta’s travelogue is one of the most primary source in the study of the pre- colonial Philippines. His Account also a major reference to the events leading to Magellan’s arrival in the Philippines.  The First Voyage Around the World 1519-1522 Was Published after Pigafetta returned to Italy About the Book ❖ His writing described vividly the physical appearance, social life, religious beliefs and cultural practices of the people they encountered in the islands of Samar, Leyte and Cebu. Contribution and relevance of Pigafetta’s document On Economics and Trade There was an evidence of agricultural activities based on their produce. They engaged in trade with neighboring countries such as China. On arts, customs, traditions and religion As described, Filipinos have their unique musical instruments; They have arts as seen in their bodies being tattooed (in some villages); Performed rituals during dining and some gatherings; They have a lot of burial practices; Worship of anitos (wooden idols) and ritual for healing of ill persons. On the other hand, the document also narrated the status (inferiority) of the Filipinos in some ways such as; Warfare - weapons Manner of dressing System of writing  He got all this information through the help Enrique de Malacca, Magellan’s slave/interpreter. Timeline of Magellan’s and Elcano’s Eexpeditions ROUTE: WESTWARD SEA VOYAGE Timeline of Magellan’s expedition September 20,1519, start of Magellan expedition September 26, 1519, the Canary island. December 13,1519, (Rio de Janeiro bay) January 12,1520 , (Rio de Plata). March 31,1520, Puerto San Julian. Santiago ship wrecked during a terrible storm. October 21,1520, (Straight of Magellan) San Antonio ship turned and fled across the Atlantic Ocean back to Spain. November 28,1520, Cabo Deseado March 6,1521, Ladrones Island March 16, 1521, Homonhon. March 28, 1521, Limasawa. April 27, 1521, Mactan; Magellan Died in the Battle MAGELLAN EXPEDITION ROUTE: WESTWARD SEA VOYAGE  Pacific Ocean They were the first known Europeans to see the great ocean, which Magellan named Mar Pacifico, the Pacific Ocean, for its apparent peacefulness, a stark contrast to the dangerous waters of the strait from which he had just emerged. In fact, extremely rough waters are not uncommon in the Pacific Ocean, where tsunamis, typhoons and hurricanes have done serious damage to the Pacific Islands and Pacific Rim nations throughout history. Ladrones Islands or the Island of the Thieves”  SAMAL Ten days after they reach Ladrones Island, Pigafetta reported that they reached what Pigafetta called the isle of Zamal (Samal) but Magellan decided to land in another uninhabited island for grate security where they could rest for few days. March 18, nine men came to them and showed joy and eagerness in seeing them.  Homonhon The fleet went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) And there they found what Pigafetta refered to as the “Watering Place of Good Signs”. - It is the first signs of gold in the island. The named the island with the nearby islands as the “archipelago of St. Lazarus” then, They left the island.  March 25th, Pigafetta recounted that they saw two ballanghai (balangay), a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaua. The Leader, who Pigafetta reffered to as the king of the ballanghai(balangay) king was Raia Siagu., sent his men to ship of Magellan. The European entertained this men and gave them gifts.  When the king of Balangay offered to give Magellans a bar of gold and chest of ginger, Magellan declined. Magellan sent the interpreter to the king and asked for money for the needs of his ship and expressed that he came into island as a friend and not as an enemy. The king responded by giving Magellan the need of provisions of food in chinaware. Magellan exchanged gifts of robes in Turkish Fashions, red cap, and gave the people knives and mirrors. First interaction with the Locals  The King and Magellan then expressed their desire to become brothers. After few days, Magellan was introduced to the king’s brother who was also king of another island. They went to this Island and Pigafetta reported that they saw mines of gold.  The house of the second king were made of gold, even some parts of his ship. Pigafetta described the King as the most handsome of all the men that he saw in this place. This king was named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua).  The First Mass in the Philippines On March 31st, which happened to be Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore. The king heard of this plan and sent two dead pigs and attended the Mass with other king. After the Mass, Magellan ordered that the cross, the nail, and the crown in place. Magellan explained that this were signs of his emperor, he was ordered to plant it in the place that he would reached. Magellan furthered explained that the cross would be beneficial for their people because once other Spaniards saw this cross would not cause them troubles, and any person might be held captives by them would be release. The King concurred and allowed for the cross to be Planted.  After 7 days, Magellan and his men decided to move and look for islands where they could acquire more supplies and provisions. They learned Island of the Ceyon(Leyte), Bohol, and Zzubu (Cebu) and intended to go there. Raia Calambu offered to pilot them in going to Cebu, the largest and the richest Islands. CEBU  CEBU By April 7th Magellan and his men reached the port of Cebu. The King of Cebu, through Magellan’s interpreter, demanded that they pay tribute as it was customary, but Magellan refused. Magellan said that he was a captain of a great empire and that it would not pay tribute to other kings.  Blood Compact Magellan interpreter explained to the King of Cebu that Magellan’s king was the emperor of a great empire and that would do them better to make friends with them than forge enmity. By next day, Magellan’s men and the king of Cebu, together with other principal men of Cebu, met in an open space. There, the king offered a bit of his blood and demanded that Magellan do the same.  Datu Humabon King of Cebu Magellan came face-to-face with Datu Humabon, whom most accounts described as short, fat, and brown-skinned, his broad face having high cheekbones and a flat nose, and his arms tattooed with purple and red geometric patterns that extended to his torso. He wore a yellow silk turban, a scarf embroidered with a needle about his head, and a loincloth. A necklace of large pearls hung from his neck, two large gold earrings with precious gem bedecked his ears, and gold rings girded his thick fingers. https://aboutphilippines.ph/documents-etc/RAJAH-HUMABON-King-of-Cebu.pdf  On the 14th of April, the people gathered with the king and the other principal men of the islands. Magellan spoke to the king and encouraged him to be a good Christian by burning all of the idols and worship the cross instead. Humabon - along with his wives, relatives, courtiers, and practically the entire populace of Cebu - was baptized by Father Pedro Valderama. He was named Carlos, in honor of King Charles I of Spain, while his principal wife was named Juana, after King Charles’ mother, Johanna. Magellan also gave her an image of the child Jesus as a gift (statue of the Sto. Niño)and had a large cross, erected, to mark the baptismal site. - https://aboutphilippines.ph/documents-etc/RAJAH-HUMABON-King-of-Cebu.pdf BAPTISMS of 800 Cebu Natives Baptisms of 800 natives with Humabon becoming King Carlos, and Humamay becoming Queen Juana after the Queen mother of Spain. Start of formal Christianity in Asia circa 1521.  Battle of Mactan On the 26th of April, Zula, a principalia man from the island of Matan (Mactan)went to see Magellan and asked him for boat of full of men so that he would be able to fight the chief named Silapulapu (Lapulapu) -According to Zulu, refused to obey the king and was also preventing him from doing so.  Magellan died in the Battle Magellan offered three boats instead and expressed his desired to go to Mactan himself to fight the said chief. Magellan Forces arrived to Mactan in daylight. the battle began. Magellan was pierced with a poisoned arrows. Aimed in his right leg. Magellan was specifically targeted because the natives new that he was the captain general. One native with a great sword delivered the a blow in Magellan’s left leg, brought him face down and the natives ceaselessly attacked Magellan with lances, swords, and even with their bare hands.  In Cebu Datu Humabon- the first Filipino to avene the honor of women. After the Lapulapu victory in Mactan, upon the instigation of Enrique, Humabon poisons and slays his Spanish guests. The cross falls... fi l e:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Documents/RAJAH-HUMABON-King-of-Cebu.pdf  Juan Sebastian de Elcano Juan Sebastián del Cano, del Cano also spelled Elcano and de Elcano, (born c. 1476, Guetaria, Castile [now in Spain]—died August 4, 1526, at sea), Basque navigator who completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth. In 1519 Cano sailed as master of the Concepción, one of five vessels in Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet, which had sailed west from Europe with the goal of reaching the Spice Islands (the Moluccas) in the East. After Magellan’s death in the Philippines in April 1521, a series of men took command of the expedition, but none of them stayed in charge for longer than a few months. As one of the few remaining men, Cano took charge of one of the two surviving ships, the Victoria, later that year. He safely brought the expedition home to Spain in September 1522, despite scurvy, starvation, and harassment by the Portuguese. Only 18 Europeans had survived the voyage, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Sebastian-del-Cano which constituted the first journey around the globe. The first ship that successfully circumnavigate the world.  Elcano returned to Spain w/ 18 Europeans survivors Spain sends other expedition  After the Spain had celebrated Elcano’s return, King Charles I decided that Spain should conquer the Philippines. Five subsequent expeditions were then sent to the Islands. These were led by Garcia Jofre Loaisa (1525), Sebastian Cabot (1526), Alvaro de Saavedra (1527), Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542) and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564). Only the last two actually reached the Philippines; and only Legazpi succeeded in colonizing the Islands.  Ruy Lopez de Villalobos Ruy Lopez de Villalobos set sail for the Philippines from Navidad, Mexico on November 1, 1542. He followed the route taken by Magellan and reached Mindanao on February 2, 1543. He established a colony in Sarangani but could not stay long because of insufficient food supply. His fleet left the island and landed on Tidore in the Moluccas, where they were captured by the Portuguese. Villalobos is remembered for naming our country “Islas Filipinas,” in honor of King Charles’ son, Prince Philip, who later became king of Spain.  The Legazpi Expedition Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - Concurred the Philippines When Philip II succeeded his father to the throne in 1556, he instructed Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of Mexico, to prepare a new expedition – to be headed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who would be accompanied by Andres de Urdaneta, a priest who had survived the Loaisa mission. On February 13, 1565, Legaspi's expedition landed in Cebu island. After a short struggle with the natives, he proceeded to Leyte, then to Camiguin and to Bohol. There Legaspi made a blood compact with the chieftain, Datu Sikatuna as a sign of friendship. Legaspi was able to obtain spices and gold in Bohol due to his friendship with Sikatuna. On April 27, 1565, Legaspi returned to Cebu; destroyed the town of Raja Tupas and establish a settlement. On orders of the King Philip II, 2,100 men arrived from Mexico. They built the the port of Fuerza de San Pedro which became the Spanish trading outpost and stronghold for the region. Hearing of the riches of Manila, an expedition of 300 men headed by Martin de Goiti left Cebu for Manila. They found the islands of Panay and Mindoro. Goiti arrived in Manila on May 8, 1570. At first they were welcomed by the natives and formed an alliance with Rajah Suliman, their Muslim king but as the locals sensed the true objectives of the Spaniards, a battle between the troops of Suliman and the Spaniards erupted. Because the Spaniards are more heavily armed, the Spaniards were able to conquer Manila. Soon after Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived to join Goiti in Manila. Legaspi built alliances and made peace with Rajahs Suliman, Lakandula and Matanda. In 1571, Legaspi ordered the construction of the walled CITY OF INTRAMUROS and proclaimed it as the seat of government of the colony and the capital of the islands. In 1572, Legaspi died and was buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros. In 1574, Manila was bestowed the title "Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de España" (Distinguished and ever loyal city of Spain) by King Philip II of Spain. Motives of Spanish Colonization of the Philippines GOLD GOSPEL GLORY Carlito d. Garcia / the Filipinos and their struggles for freedom and survival : Philippine History for College Students. Rev. ed. C2015 End  Reference: Candelaria, J. P., & Alphorha, V. C. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Rex Book Store. https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/ferdinand-magellan http://www.philippine-history.org/spanish-colonial-masters.htm Video clips: The First Trip Around the World | 5 Minutes to Explain - Magellan's Circumnavigation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WcVyGFaiiY XTX3 Xiao Time X3: Ang Pagdating ni Magellan at Labanan sa Mactan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfSqZ9V9p7w