First Voyage Around The World PDF

Before 1565 – the old Filipino Society and before the colonizers The first European expedition to explore the Philippine archipelago was that led by Ferdinand Magellan, in the service of the king of Spain. The expedition first sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on the 16th March 1521. ...

Before 1565 – the old Filipino Society and before the colonizers The first European expedition to explore the Philippine archipelago was that led by Ferdinand Magellan, in the service of the king of Spain. The expedition first sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on the 16th March 1521.  After Magellan's voyage, subsequent expeditions were dispatched to the islands. Four expeditions were sent: Garcia Jofre Loaisa (1525) Sebastian Cabot (1526) Alvaro de Saavedra (1527) Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542) – named the islands of Samar and Leyte, Felipinas in honor of Prince Philip of Spain who later on became King Philip II. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_ II_of_Spain and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564) – was the most successful as it resulted in the discovery of the tornaviaje or return trip to Mexico across the Pacific by Andrés de Urdaneta. This discovery started the Manila galleon trade, which lasted two and a half centuries. 1565 – 1898 Foundation of Spanish Empire lead by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Particularly happened in Sugbu (Cebu) and Panay. They then conquered Manila by 1571. 1898 - 1935 Independence from the Spanish Empire (June 12, 1898 The arrival of Americans (August 1898) Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898) Voyage from Old French voiage "travel, journey, movement, course, errand, mission, crusade“ 1. an act or instance of traveling : JOURNEY 2. a course or period of traveling by other than land routes a long seavoyage 3: an account of a journey especially by sea https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/voyage Bon voyage, literally means "good voyage" in French, and it can be used as an exclamation, a playful or sophisticated way to send someone off on a journey. You could also throw a bon voyage party, if you were celebrating with a friend who was about to embark on a long trip. English-speakers first began using the expression in the late 1600s. First Voyage Around the World Antonio Pigafetta  In the 15th century, spices were at the epicenter of the world economy, much like oil is today. Highly valued for flavoring and preserving food as well as masking the taste of meat gone bad, spices like cinnamon, clove, nutmeg and especially black pepper, were extremely valuable. Since spices could not be cultivated in cold and arid Europe, no effort was spared to discover the quickest sea route to the Spice Islands. Portugal and Spain led the competition for early control over this critical commodity.  In 16th C, Spain and Portugal leading European ‘super powers’ Pope Alexander VI (Borgia) - Divides ‘world’ between Spain and Portugal down Atlantic in 1493, known as Line of Demarcation Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese Fernão de Magalhães, Spanish Fernando, orHernando, de Magallanes, was born in Oporto, Portugal, in 1480. His parents were members of the Portuguese nobility, and the young Magellan found himself in the service of royalty at an early age. He was only twelve when he began serving the queen of Portugal as a page, a position of employment for youths in royal courts.  As a young member of Queen Leonora's School of Pages in Lisbon (the Portuguese capital) Magellan was encouraged to learn subjects that would aid him greatly later, such as cartography (mapmaking), astronomy, and celestial navigation (learning how to steer a ship based on the positions of the stars). Europeans had reached the Spice Islands by sailing east, but none had yet to sail west from Europe to reach the other side of the globe. Magellan was determined to be the first to do so. Magellan approached King Manuel of Portugal to seek his support for a westward voyage to the Spice Islands. The king refused his petition repeatedly. In 1517 a frustrated Magellan renounced his Portuguese nationality and relocated to Spain to seek royal support for his venture.  The Armada De Moluccas set sail. Magellan commanded the lead ship Trinidad and was accompanied by four other ships: the San Antonio, the Conception, the Victoria, and the Santiago. The expedition would prove long and arduous, and only one ship, the Victoria, would return home three years later, carrying a mere 18 of the fleet’s original crew of 270. Antonio Pigafetta - was an Italian scholar and explorer from the Republic of Venice. He was born into a wealthy Vicenza family. He traveled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew by order of the King Charles I of Spain on their voyage around the world. - During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant and kept an accurate journal which later assisted him in translating the Cebuano language. - It is the first recorded document concerning the language. Antonio Pigafetta Pigafetta belonged to a rich family of Vicenza. In his youth he studied astronomy, geography and cartography. He served on board the ships of the Knights of Rhodes at the beginning of the 16th century. Until 1519, he accompanied the papal nuncio, Monsignor Chieregati, to Spain. Pigafetta was one of the 18 men who returned to Spain in 1522, out of the approximately 240 who set out three years earlier. The voyage completed the first circumnavigation of the world; Juan Sebastián Elcano had served as captain after Magellan's death during the voyage in 1521 in the Philippines. Pigafetta's surviving journal is the source for much of what we know about Magellan and Elcano's voyage.  The First Voyage Around the World  In Pigafetta’s account, their fleet reached what he called the LADRONES ISLANDS or the “Islands of the Thieves.” He recounted: “These people have no arms, but use sticks, which have a fish bone at the end. They are poor, but ingenious, and great thieves, and for the sake of that we call these three islands the Ladrones Islands.”  On March 16, 1521, Pigafetta reported that they came upon a high land, at a distance of three hundred leagues from the island of Landroni, and island named Zamal, now Samar but Magellan decided to land in another uninhabited island for greater security where they could rest for a few days. On MARCH 18, nine men came to them and showed joy and eagerness in seeing them. Magellan realized that the men were reasonable and welcomed them with food, drinks and gifts.  Pigafetta detailed in amazement and fascination the palm tree which bore fruits called cochos and wine. “At that time they had nothing to give him, and they made signs to us with their hands that in four days they would bring us Umai, which is rice, cocos, and many other victuals. To explain the kind of fruits above-named it must be known that the one which they call cochi, is the fruit which the palm trees bear. And as we have bread, wine, oil, and vinegar, proceeding from different kinds, so these people have those things proceeding from these palm trees only.”  He characterized the people as “very familiar and friendly” and willingly showed them different islands and the names of these islands. The fleet went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) and there they found what he referred to as the “Watering Place of Good Signs.” for it is in this place that they found the first signs of gold in the island. They named the island together with a nearby island as the archipelago of St. Lazarus. Excerpt from The First Voyage Around the World  On March 25th, Pigafetta recounted that they saw two balanghai (balangay), a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaus. The leader whom he reffered to the king became closely bonded with Magellan as they both exchanged gifts to one another. – After a few days, Magellan was introduced to the king’s brother who was also a king of another island where Pigafetta reported that they saw mines of gold. The gold was abundant that parts of the ship and of the house of the king were made of gold. This king was named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua), and the first king was Raia Siagu.  In the island belonging to the king who came to the ship there are mines of gold, which they find in pieces as big as a walnut or an egg, by seeking in the ground. All the vessels which he makes use of are made of it, and also some parts of his house, which was well fitted up according to the custom of the country, and he was the handsomest man that we saw among these nations.  He had very black hair coming down to his shoulders, with a silk cloth on his head, and two large gold rings hanging from his ears, he had a cloth of cotton worked with silk, which covered him from the waist to the knees, at his side he wore a dagger, with a long handle which was all of gold, its sheath was of carved wood. Besides he carried upon him scents of storax and benzoin. He was tawny and painted all over. The island of this king is named Zuluan and Calagan, and when these two kings wish to visit one another they come to hunt in this island where we were. Of these kings the painted king is called Raia Calambu, and the other Raia Siani.  On Sunday, the last day of March, and feast of Easter, the captain sent the chaplain ashore early to say mass, and the interpreter went with him to tell the king that they were not coming on shore to dine with him, but only to hear the mass. The king hearing that sent two dead pigs. When it was time for saying mass the captain went ashore with fifty men, not with their arms, but only with their swords, and dressed as well as each one was able to dress, and before the boats reached the shore our ships fired six cannon shots as a sign of peace.  At our landing the two kings were there, and received our captain in a friendly manner, and placed him between them, and then we went to the place prepared for saying mass, which was not far from the shore. Before the mass began the captain threw a quantity of musk rose water on those two kings, and when the offertory of the mass came, the two kings went to kiss the cross like us, but they offered nothing, and at the elevation of the body of our Lord they were kneeling like us, and adored our Lord with joined hands. The ships fired all their artillery at the elevation of the body of our Lord.  After that the captain had some sword-play by his people, which gave great pleasure to the kings. Then he had a cross brought, with the nails and crown, to which the kings made reverence, and the captain had them told that these things which he showed them were the sign of the emperor his lord and master, from whom he had charge and commandment to place it in all places where he might go or pass by.  He told them that he wished to place it in their country for their profit, because if there came afterwards any ships from Spain to those islands, on seeing this cross, they would know that we had been there, and therefore they would not cause them any displeasure to their persons nor their goods; and if they took any of their people, on showing them this sign, they would at once let them go.  After dinner we all returned in our dress coats, and we went together with the two kings to the middle of the highest mountain we could find, and there the cross was planted. After that the two kings and the captain rested themselves; and, while conversing, I asked where was the best port for obtaining victuals. They replied that there were three, that is to say, Ceylon, Zzubu, and Calaghan, but that Zzubu was the largest and of the most traffic. Then the kings offered to give him pilots to go to those ports, for which he thanked them, and deliberated to go there, for his ill-fortune would have it so.  After the cross had been planted on that mountain, each one said the Paternoster and Ave Maria, and adored it, and the kings did the like. Then we went down below to where their boats were. There the kings had brought some of the fruit called cocos and other things to make a collation and to refresh us.  This kind of people are gentle, and go naked, and are painted. They wear a piece of cloth made from a tree, like a linen cloth, round their body to cover their natural parts: they are great drinkers. The women are dressed in tree cloth from their waists downwards; their hair is black, and reaches down to the ground; they wear certain gold rings in their ears. These people chew most of their time a fruit which they call areca, which is something of the shape of a pear; they cut it in four quarters, and after they have chewed it for a long time they spit it out, from which afterwards they have their mouths very red.  They find themselves the better from the use of this fruit because it refreshes them much, for this country is very hot, so that they could not live without it. In this island there is a great quantity of dogs, cats, pigs, fowls, and goats, rice, ginger, cocos, figs, oranges, lemons, millet, wax, and gold mines. This island is in nine degrees and two-thirds north latitude, and one hundred and sixty-two longitude from the line of demarcation: it is twenty-five leagues distant from the other island where we found the two fountains of fresh water. This island is named Mazzava.  Sunday morning, the fourteenth day of April, we went on shore, forty men, of whom two were armed, who marched before us, following the standard of our king emperor. When we landed the ships discharged all their artillery, and from fear of it the people ran away in all directions. The captain and the king embraced one another, and then joyously we went near the scaffolding, where the captain and the king sat on two chairs, one covered with red, the other with violet velvet. The principal men sat on cushions, and the others on mats, after the fashion of the country. Answer this question: What is the contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand narrative of the Philippine history?  end Prepared by EMHV - LAED