MAG REVIEW KA NA TEH PDF

**Word Stress?** Stressing means giving force to a word or syllable **BLENDING** sometimes called linking, words flow along one word seeming to blend into the next. LISTENING - is the act of paying attention to sound According to Barthes, listening can be understood on three levels: - **A...

**Word Stress?** Stressing means giving force to a word or syllable **BLENDING** sometimes called linking, words flow along one word seeming to blend into the next. LISTENING - is the act of paying attention to sound According to Barthes, listening can be understood on three levels: - **Alerting** The first level involves detection of environmental sound cues. - **Deciphering** The second level involves detecting patterns when interpreting sounds; - **Understanding** The third level means knowing how what one says will affect another. **Listening for Main Ideas** Focuses on identifying the central theme in spoken material. **Main Idea** The main idea is the central point or primary message that an author or speaker conveys **Skills Needed in Listening for Main Idea** 1. **Comprehension skills** - Refers to the ability to understand, interpret, and make sense of what is being read, heard, or seen. 2. **Critical Reasoning** - Is the process of analyzing and evaluating information, arguments, or ideas to make logical, well thought-out judgments. **Structure** Refers to the organization of the speaker\`s ideas Inference - It involves deducing meaning beyond the literal words spoken. **Summary Completion** - Is a task in natural language processing (NLP) where you are given partially completed summary of a text and you need to fill in the missing parts. **Paraphrasing** - Involves paraphrasing text in your own words while retaining the original meaning. **READING FOR INFORMATION** refers to the process of extracting and understanding key details from a text in order to gain knowledge, make decisions, or complete tasks. **1. FAST READING** Locate specific information; Two Types of Fast Reading **SCANNING** Quick absorption of the content **Skimming** Get good general impression of what the material is all about Slow reading **Two approaches:** **Analytical Approach** Used when you need to understand terminology, **Critical Approach** Used when you need to evaluate the material you are reading **Reading skills** are abilities that pertain to a person\'s capacity to read, comprehend, interpret and decode written language and texts **Decoding** is a skill that relies on your ability to sound out words you've heard but never seen written out. ***phonemic awareness*,** which is the ability to hear individual sounds in words and connect those sounds to letters. **Fluency** refers to a mix of different factors which can directly impact your ability to comprehend what you read. **Vocabulary** The ability to decode or determine the meaning of new words **Inference** connecting information from texts to our own ideas and opinions **Retention** Reading comprehension is typically all about retaining what we read. **TEXT STRUCTURE** is the way in which a writer organizes language and information within text to serve a specific purpose. **TYPESOF TEXT STRUCTURE** **DESCRIPTION** This structure provides detailed information about a topic **SEQUENCE OR CHRONOLOGICAL** presents events in the order they occur, **CAUSE AND EFFECT** illustrates the relationship between an event and its consequences **COMPARE AND CONTRAST** examines the similarities and differences between two or more **PROBLEM AND SOLUTION** is designed to present a problem and transition into a proposed solution for said problem. Models of Communication \- Aristotle Model -Lasswell's model -Shannon-Weaver model -Osgood-Schramm model  Linear - one way path Interaction - two way path Transaction - multi-communication Linguistic - study language Semantic- origin of language/used Phonetics - perhaps sounds Morphology - structure of words Syntax - structure of grammar