MA Lab 1 Exam.docx

**[Lab 1: Trunk Muscles list (Cat and Human)]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Name** | **Origin* | **Inserti | **Action/ | **Human | **Cat | | | * | on** | Innervati | Image** | Image** | | | |...

**[Lab 1: Trunk Muscles list (Cat and Human)]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Name** | **Origin* | **Inserti | **Action/ | **Human | **Cat | | | * | on** | Innervati | Image** | Image** | | | | | on** | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Diaphragm | Xiphoid | Central | Primary | |  | | | ribs, and | diaphragm | on; | | | | | lumbar |. | contracts | | | | | vertebrae | | during | | | | | | | inhalatio | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | to allow | | | | | | | the lungs | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | expand. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | phrenic | | | | | | | nerve. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | External | Inferior | Superior | Elevates | |  | | | above. | below. | inspirati | | | | | | | on, | | | | | | | increasin | | | | | | | g | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | cavity | | | | | | | volume. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **interco | | | | | | | stal | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Internal | Superior | Inferior | Depresses | |  | | | below. | above. | forced | | | | | | | expiratio | | | | | | | n. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **interco | | | | | | | stal | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pectorali | Clavicle, | Greater | Adducts | |  | | | cartilage | humerus. | rotates | | | | | of the | | the arm. | | | | | first six | | Innervate | | | | | ribs. | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **medial | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | lateral | | | | | | | pectoral | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pectorali | 3rd to | Coracoid | Stabilize | |  | | | their | scapula. | scapula | | | | | costal | | by | | | | | cartilage | | drawing | | | | | s. | | it | | | | | | | inferiorl | | | | | | | y | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | anteriorl | | | | | | | y. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **medial | | | | | | | pectoral | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Serratus | Ribs 1-8 | Medial | Protracts | |  | | | | scapula. | against | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | wall. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **long | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Trapezius | Occipital | Lateral | Elevates, | |  | | | m | clavicle, | rotates | | | | | nuchae, | acromion, | the | | | | | and | and spine | scapula. | | | | | spinous | of the | Innervate | | | | | processes | scapula. | d | | | | | of | | by the | | | | | C7-T12. | | **accesso | | | | | | | ry | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | (cranial | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | XI)** and | | | | | | | cervical | | | | | | | spinal | | | | | | | nerves | | | | | | | (C3 and | | | | | | | C4). | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Levator | Transvers | Medial | Elevates | |  | | | of C1-C4. | scapula. | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **dorsal | | | | | | | scapular | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Rhomboide | Spinous | Medial | Retracts | |  | | | | scapula. | the | | | | | | | scapula. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **dorsal | | | | | | | scapular | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Rhomboide | Spinous | | | |  | | | T1. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Splenius | Nuchal | Mastoid | Extends, | |  | | | spinous | temporal | laterally | | | | | processes | bone and | flexes | | | | | of C7-T6. | lateral | the head. | | | | | | third of | Innervate | | | | | | the | d | | | | | | superior | by the | | | | | | nuchal | **dorsal | | | | | | line of | rami of | | | | | | the | spinal | | | | | | occipital | nerves**. | | | | | | bone. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | splenius | Spinous | Transvers | Extends, | |  | | | | of C1-C3. | laterally | | | | | | | flexes | | | | | | | the neck. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **dorsal | | | | | | | rami of | | | | | | | spinal | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Scalenus | Transvers | First and | Elevates | Medium, |  | | | of | | during | posterior | | | | cervical | | forced | (R & L) | | | | vertebrae | | inspirati | | | | | (C3-C7). | | on. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | **cervica | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | spinal | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Erector | Iliac | Ribs, | Extends | |  | | ((Include | lumbar | cervical | flexes | | | | s | vertebrae | vertebrae | the | | | | **Longiss |. | , | vertebral | | | | imus**, | | and | column. | | | | **Iliocos | | mastoid | Innervate | | | | talis**, | | process | d | | | | **Spinali | | of the | by the | | | | s**)) | | skull. | **dorsal | | | | | | | rami of | | | | | | | spinal | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Rectus | Pubic | Xiphoid | Flexes | |  | | | crest. | costal | Innervate | | | | | | cartilage | d | | | | | | s | by the | | | | | | of ribs | **lower | | | | | | 5-7. | thoracic | | | | | | | nerves | | | | | | | (T7-T12)* | | | | | | | *. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | External | Outer | Linea | Compresse | |  | | | eight | tubercle, | and | | | | | ribs. | and | flexes | | | | | | anterior | the | | | | | | iliac | trunk. | | | | | | crest. | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **lower | | | | | | | six | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Internal | Thoracolu | Linea | Compresse | |  | | | iliac | ribs. | abdomen, | | | | | crest, | | flexes | | | | | and | | the | | | | | inguinal | | trunk. | | | | | ligament. | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **lower | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | and first | | | | | | | lumbar | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Transvers | Inguinal | Linea | Compresse | |  | | | crest, | crest. | abdominal | | | | | and lower | | contents. | | | | | six ribs. | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **lower | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | and first | | | | | | | lumbar | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Deltoid | Lateral | Deltoid | Abducts, | |  | | | acromion, | of | extends | | | | | and spine | humerus. | the arm. | | | | | of | | Innervate | | | | | scapula. | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **axillar | | | | | | | y | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Latissimu | Spinous | Intertube | Extends, | |  | | | thoracolu | the | medially | | | | | mbar | humerus. | rotates | | | | | fascia, | | the arm. | | | | | iliac | | Innervate | | | | | crest, | | d | | | | | and lower | | by the | | | | | three | | **thoraco | | | | | ribs. | | dorsal | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Coracobra | Coracoid | Medial | Flexes | |  | | | scapula. | humerus. | the arm. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **musculo | | | | | | | cutaneous | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Supraspin | Supraspin | Greater | Abducts | |  | | | the | humerus. | d | | | | | scapula. | | by the | | | | | | | **suprasc | | | | | | | apular | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Infraspin | Infraspin | Greater | Laterally | |  | | | the | humerus. | Innervate | | | | | scapula. | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **suprasc | | | | | | | apular | | | | | | | nerve.** | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Sternomas | Manubrium | Mastoid | Rotates | |  | | | portion | temporal | the head. | | | | | of the | bone and | Innervate | | | | | clavicle. | the | d | | | | | | lateral | by the | | | | | | half of | **accesso | | | | | | the | ry | | | | | | superior | nerve**. | | | | | | nuchal | | | | | | | line of | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | occipital | | | | | | | bone. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Cleidomas | Clavicle | Mastoid | Flexes | \*Togethe | clei | | (In cats, | clavicle) | temporal | the head. | know as | domastoid | | the |. | bone | When both | sternocle | and | | cleidomas | | (part of | sides | idomastoi | sternomas | | toid | | the skull | work | ds | toid | | and | | behind | together, | as per | | | sternomas | | the ear). | they flex | visible | | | toid | | | the neck; | body | | | are | | | when one | | | | separate. | | | side | | | | ) | | | contracts | | | | | | | , | | | | | | | it | | | | | | | rotates | | | | | | | the head | | | | | | | to the | | | | | | | opposite | | | | | | | side. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **accesso | | | | | | | ry | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | (cranial | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | XI)**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Subscapul | Subscapul | Lesser | Medially | \*The |  | | | the | humerus | at the | muscle is | | | | scapula | (located | shoulder | subscapul | | | | (the | near the | and helps | aris | | | | concave | head of | to | bursa, | | | | surface | the | stabilize | which is | | | | on the | humerus). | the | a part of | | | | anterior | | shoulder | subscapul | | | | side of | | joint by | aris | | | | the | | holding | | | | | scapula). | | the head | | | | | | | of the | | | | | | | humerus | | | | | | | in the | | | | | | | glenoid | | | | | | | cavity. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **upper | | | | | | | and lower | | | | | | | subscapul | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Teres | Inferior | Medial | Adducts | |  | | | scapula. | intertube | rotates | | | | | | rcular | the arm. | | | | | | groove of | Innervate | | | | | | the | d | | | | | | humerus. | by the | | | | | | | **lower | | | | | | | subscapul | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Teres | Lateral | Greater | Laterally | |  | | | scapula. | humerus. | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **axillar | | | | | | | y | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ **[Thoracic cavity Structures:]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Name** | **Origin* | **Inserti | **Actions | **Human | **Cat | | | * | ons** | /innervat | Image** | Image** | | | | | ion** | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Heart | Cardiac | The | Pumps | |  | | | arise | the heart | rhythmic | | | | | embryolog | are | contracti | | | | | ically | arranged | ons | | | | | within | in spiral | regulated | | | | | the heart | patterns, | by the | | | | | itself. | connectin | autonomic | | | | | | g | nervous | | | | | | to | system, | | | | | | adjacent | specifica | | | | | | cardiac | lly | | | | | | muscle | the vagus | | | | | | cells. | nerve | | | | | | | (parasymp | | | | | | | athetic) | | | | | | | to slow | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rate, and | | | | | | | sympathet | | | | | | | ic | | | | | | | fibers to | | | | | | | increase | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rate. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Part of | Upper | From the | **Moves | |  | | | of | stomach. | stomach | | | | | skeletal | | via | | | | | muscle, | | peristals | | | | | and the | | is. | | | | | lower | | **Skeleta | | | | | part is | | l | | | | | smooth | | portion** | | | | | muscle. | | is | | | | | | | innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | **somatic | | | | | | | motor | | | | | | | nerves**, | | | | | | | and the | | | | | | | **smooth | | | | | | | muscle | | | | | | | portion** | | | | | | | is | | | | | | | controlle | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **vagus | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | (cranial | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | X)**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Part of | Surrounde | **Regulat | |  | | | | muscle | and helps | | | | | | along its | expel | | look | | | | posterior | irritants | | above pic | | | | aspect. | during | | | | | | | coughing. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **vagus | | | | | | | nerve** | | | | | | | for | | | | | | | parasympa | | | | | | | thetic | | | | | | | control, | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | **sympath | | | | | | | etic | | | | | | | nerves** | | | | | | | for | | | | | | | smooth | | | | | | | muscle | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | lungs | The lungs | **Expand | |  | | | | are not | * | | | | | | muscles, | during | | | | | | but their | respirati | | | | | | expansion | on. | | | | | | and | Innervate | | | | | | contracti | d | | | | | | on | by the | | | | | | are | **autonom | | | | | | controlle | ic | | | | | | d | nervous | | | | | | by | system**, | | | | | | surroundi | with | | | | | | ng | **sympath | | | | | | muscles. | etic | | | | | | | fibers** | | | | | | | dilating | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | bronchi | | | | | | | and the | | | | | | | **vagus | | | | | | | nerve** | | | | | | | constrict | | | | | | | ing | | | | | | | them. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | thoracic | Xiphoid | Central | **Contrac | |  | | | ribs, and | diaphragm | breathing | | | | | lumbar |. | **, | | | | | vertebrae | | increasin | | | | |. | | g | | | | | | | thoracic | | | | | | | cavity | | | | | | | volume | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | inspirati | | | | | | | on. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **phrenic | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | (C3-C5)** | | | | | | |. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pericardi | A | **Action* | |  | | | | membrane | the heart | | | | | | that | and | | | | | | surrounds | prevents | | | | | | the | overexpan | | | | | | heart. | sion | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pleura | **Structu | **Action* | |  | | | | muscle**: | friction | | | | | | A thin | during | | Membrane | | | | membrane | lung | | around | | | | surroundi | movement | | lung | | | | ng | and aids | | | | | | the | in lung | | | | | | lungs. | expansion | | | | | | |. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Thymus/Th | **Structu | Action: | |  | | | | muscle**: | in immune | | | | | | A | function | | | | | | lymphatic | by | | | | | | organ. | producing | | | | | | | T-cells, | | | | | | | especiall | | | | | | | y | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | children. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | myocardiu | Composed | **Contrac |  | muscle | | | | ected | blood** | | | | | | cardiac | through | | | | | | muscle | the heart | | | | | | cells. | chambers. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | **sympath | | | | | | | etic | | | | | | | fibers** | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | increase | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rate and | | | | | | | **vagus | | | | | | | nerve | | | | | | | (parasymp | | | | | | | athetic)* | | | | | | | * | | | | | | | to slow | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rate. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Common | **Structu | **Deliver |  | and right | | | | muscle**: | to the | | | | | | Major | head and | | | | | | artery | neck, | | | | | | supplying | with | | | | | | blood to | smooth | | | | | | the head | muscle | | | | | | and neck. | regulatin | | | | | | | g | | | | | | | blood | | | | | | | pressure. | | | | | | | **Sympath | | | | | | | etic | | | | | | | nerves** | | | | | | | control | | | | | | | vasoconst | | | | | | | riction. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Dorsal | **Structu | **Supplie |  | | | | arch | muscle**: | d | | | | | | Major | blood** | | | | | | arteries | to the | | | | | | that | body. | | | | | | carry | Smooth | | | | | | blood | muscle | | | | | | from the | contracti | | | | | | heart. | on | | | | | | | is | | | | | | | controlle | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | **sympath | | | | | | | etic | | | | | | | innervati | | | | | | | on**. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Brachioce | **Structu | **Transpo |  | | | | vein | muscle**: | to and | | | | | | Artery | from the | Blue is | | | | | supplying | arms and | the vein | | | | | blood to | head. | and red | | | | | the right | | is the | | | | | arm and | | artery | | | | | head, and | | | | | | | vein | | | | | | | returning | | | | | | | blood to | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | heart. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Left/righ | **Structu | **Transpo |  | | | | n | muscle**: | to and | | | | | artery/ve | Arteries | from the | Blue is | | | | in | and veins | arms. | the vein | | | | | for the | | and red | | | | | upper | | is the | | | | | limbs. | | artery | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Axillary | **Structu | **Supplie |  | | | | | muscle**: | to the | | | | | | Major | shoulder | Blue is | | | | | artery | and upper | the vein | | | | | and vein | limb. | and red | | | | | in the | | is the | | | | | armpit | | artery | | | | | area. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Brachial | **Structu | **Supplie |  | ube.com/w | | | | muscle**: | to the | | atch?v=c4 | | | | Main | arm. | Blue is | zjeDJSv3M | | | | artery of | | the vein | ]{.underl | | | | the upper | | and red | ine}](htt | | | | arm. | | is the | ps://www. | | | | | | artery | youtube.c | | | | | | | om/watch? | | | | | | | v=c4zjeDJ | | | | | | | Sv3M) | | | | | | | (watch | | | | | | | for rest) | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | pulmonary | **Structu | **Transpo |  | | | | | muscle**: | ted | | | | | | Large | blood** | Trunk and | | | | | artery | to the | base, | | | | | carrying | lungs. | base is | | | | | blood | | the blue | | | | | from the | | | | | | | heart to | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | lungs. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | anterior | **Structu | **Carries |  | here but | | | | muscle**: | blood** | | same blue | | | | Large | to the | Also | thing | | | | vein | right | known as | | | | | returning | atrium. | precava | | | | | blood to | | | | | | | the heart | | | | | | | from the | | | | | | | upper | | | | | | | body. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pulmonary | **Pulmona | **Transpo |  | red and | | | | Carries | to and | | artery is | | | | deoxygena | from the | Blue is | blue | | | | ted | lungs for | the vein | | | | | blood to | oxygenati | and red | | | | | the | on. | is the | | | | | lungs. | | artery | | | | | | | | | | | | **Pulmona | | | | | | | ry | | | | | | | Vein**: | | | | | | | Carries | | | | | | | oxygenate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | blood | | | | | | | from the | | | | | | | lungs to | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | heart. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Tricuspid | Valve | **Prevent |  | | | | | atrium | * | | | | | | and right | of blood | | | | | | ventricle | into the | | | | | |. | right | | | | | | | atrium | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | ventricul | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Atriovent | Valves | **Prevent |  | | | | | and | * | | | | | | ventricle | of blood | | | | | | s. | from | | | | | | | ventricle | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | to atria | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Bicuspid | Valve | **Prevent |  | | | | | atrium | * | | | | | | and left | of blood | | | | | | ventricle | into the | | | | | |. | left | | | | | | | atrium | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Right | Chamber | **Receive |  | | | | | that | from the | | | | | | receives | body and | | | | | | deoxygena | sends it | | | | | | ted | to the | | | | | | blood. | right | | | | | | | ventricle | | | | | | |. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Left | Chamber | **Receive |  | | | | | that | d | | | | | | receives | blood** | | | | | | oxygenate | from the | | | | | | d | lungs and | | | | | | blood. | sends it | | | | | | | to the | | | | | | | left | | | | | | | ventricle | | | | | | |. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Right | Chamber | **Pumps |  | | | | | that | blood** | | | | | | pumps | to the | | | | | | blood to | pulmonary | | | | | | the | arteries | | | | | | lungs. | for | | | | | | | oxygenati | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Left | Chamber | **Pumps |  | | | | | that | blood** | | | | | | pumps | to the | | | | | | oxygenate | aorta and | | | | | | d | systemic | | | | | | blood to | circulati | | | | | | the body. | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Intervent | Muscular | **Facilit |  | | | | septum | g | ed | | | | | | the | contracti | | | | | | ventricle | on** | | | | | | s. | of the | | | | | | | left and | | | | | | | right | | | | | | | ventricle | | | | | | | s. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | **Purkinj | | | | | | | e | | | | | | | fibers** | | | | | | | that | | | | | | | conduct | | | | | | | electrica | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | impulses. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Papillary | Walls of | Chordae | **Contrac |  | | | | s. | | prevent | | | | | | | valve | | | | | | | prolapse* | | | | | | | * | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | holding | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | atriovent | | | | | | | ricular | | | | | | | valves | | | | | | | closed | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | ventricul | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | **autonom | | | | | | | ic | | | | | | | fibers**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Chordae | Fibrous | **Prevent |  | | | | | g | prolapse* | | | | | | papillary | * | | | | | | muscles | by | | | | | | to the | holding | | | | | | atriovent | the | | | | | | ricular | valves in | | | | | | valves. | place | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | ventricul | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pulmonary | **Structu | **Prevent |  | pulmonary | | | | muscle**: | * | | artery | | | | Valve | of blood | | and right | | | | between | into the | | ventricle | | | | the right | right | | | | | | ventricle | ventricle | | | | | | and |. | | | | | | pulmonary | | | | | | | artery. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Purkinje | Specializ | **Conduct |  | | | | | g | impulses* | | | | | | fibers in | * | Blue is | | | | | the | to the | the right | | | | | ventricle | ventricle | side and | | | | | s. | s, | white is | | | | | | facilitat | left side | | | | | | ing | | | | | | | coordinat | | | | | | | ed | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | of the | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | muscles. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Conus | Conical | **Smooths |  | | | | | right | blood** | | | | | | ventricle | into the | | | | | | leading | pulmonary | | | | | | to the | artery. | | | | | | pulmonary | | | | | | | artery. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Bundle of | A group | **Transmi |  | insides | | | | ed | l | | | | | | muscle | impulses* | | | | | | fibers in | * | | | | | | the | from the | | | | | | heart\'s | AV node | | | | | | conductio | to the | | | | | | n | ventricle | | | | | | system. | s, | | | | | | | coordinat | | | | | | | ing | | | | | | | their | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | on. | | | | | | | The | | | | | | | Bundle of | | | | | | | HIS is | | | | | | | part of | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | heart\'s | | | | | | | conductio | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | system | | | | | | | and is | | | | | | | influence | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **autonom | | | | | | | ic | | | | | | | nervous | | | | | | | system**, | | | | | | | with | | | | | | | sympathet | | | | | | | ic | | | | | | | innervati | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | increasin | | | | | | | g | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rate and | | | | | | | parasympa | | | | | | | thetic | | | | | | | (via the | | | | | | | vagus | | | | | | | nerve) | | | | | | | reducing | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rate. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Coronary | Arises | The | **Supplie |  | | | | sinuses** | branch | d | | | | | at the | out to | blood** | Highlight | | | | base of | supply | to the | ed | | | | the | blood to | heart | is the R | | | | aorta, | different | muscle, | coronary | | | | just | regions | ensuring | artery | | | | above the | of the | its | and the | | | | aortic | heart | nourishme | small is | | | | valve. | muscle | nt | the L | | | | | (myocardi | and | coronary | | | | | um). | function. | artery | | | | | | The | | | | | | **Left | smooth | | | | | | Coronary | muscle in | | | | | | Artery**: | the walls | | | | | | Divides | of the | | | | | | into the | coronary | | | | | | **left | arteries | | | | | | anterior | is | | | | | | descendin | regulated | | | | | | g | by the | | | | | | (LAD)** | **autonom | | | | | | artery | ic | | | | | | and | nervous | | | | | | **circumf | system**, | | | | | | lex | which | | | | | | artery**. | helps | | | | | | | manage | | | | | | **Right | blood | | | | | | Coronary | flow | | | | | | Artery**: | according | | | | | | Supplies | to the | | | | | | the right | heart\'s | | | | | | atrium, | metabolic | | | | | | right | needs. | | | | | | ventricle | | | | | | | , | | | | | | | and parts | | | | | | | of the | | | | | | | left | | | | | | | ventricle | | | | | | |. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ **[FORELIMB-- SUPERFICIAL]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Name** | **Origin* | **Inserti | **Actions | **Human | **Cat | | | * | ons** | /innervat | Image** | Image** | | | | | ion** | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Biceps | Supraglen | Radial | **Bends |  | | | long head | of the | (a bump | and | | | | | scapula | on the | **rotates | | | | | (shoulder | radius, | the | | | | | blade). | one of | forearm** | | | | | | the | to turn | | | | | | forearm | the palm | | | | | | bones). | up. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **musculo | | | | | | | cutaneous | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Biceps | Coracoid | Radial | **Bends |  | | | short | scapula | (same as | and | | | | head | (part of | long | **rotates | | | | | the | head). | the | | | | | shoulder | | forearm** | | | | | blade). | |. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **musculo | | | | | | | cutaneous | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Brachiora | Lateral | Styloid | **Bends |  | | | | ridge of | radius | especiall | | | | | the | (wrist | y | | | | | humerus | area). | when the | | | | | (outer | | hand is | | | | | part of | | in a | | | | | the upper | | \"thumbs- | | | | | arm | | up\" | | | | | bone). | | position. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Flexor | Medial | Base of | **Bends |  |.png) | | radialis | of the | and third | and | | | | | humerus | metacarpa | **moves | | | | | (inner | l | the | | | | | part of | (bones in | hand** | | | | | the | the | toward | | | | | elbow). | hand). | the thumb | | | | | | | side. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **median | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Flexor | Medial | Pisiform | **Bends |  | | | ulnaris | of the | fifth | and | | | | | humerus | metacarpa | **moves | | | | | and | l | the | | | | | olecranon | (bones in | hand** | | | | | of the | the hand | toward | | | | | ulna | near the | the pinky | | | | | (elbow | pinky). | side. | | | | | area). | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **ulnar | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Flexor | Medial | Fingers | **Bends |  | | | | of the | phalanges | and | | | | | humerus | ). | **helps | | | | | and the | | bend the | | | | | radius | | wrist**. | | | | | and ulna. | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **median | | | | | | | and ulnar | | | | | | | nerves**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Palmaris | Medial | Palmar | **Bends |  |.png) | | | of the | (thick | Innervate | | | | | humerus. | tissue in | d | | | | | | the | by the | | | | | | palm). | **median | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Extensor | Lateral | Base of | **Straigh |  | | | radialis | ridge of | metacarpa | wrist** | | | | longus | the | l | and | | | | | humerus. | (hand | **moves | | | | | | bone near | the | | | | | | the | hand** | | | | | | thumb). | toward | | | | | | | the thumb | | | | | | | side. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Extensor | Lateral | Base of | **Straigh |  |.png) | | radialis | of the | l | wrist** | | | | brevis | humerus. | (hand | and | | | | | | bone). | **moves | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | hand** | | | | | | | toward | | | | | | | the thumb | | | | | | | side. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Extensor | Lateral | Extensor | **Straigh |  | | | | of the | of the | fingers** | | | | | humerus. | fingers. | and | | | | | | | **helps | | | | | | | straighte | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | wrist**. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Extensor | Lateral | Base of | **Straigh |  | png) | | ulnaris | of the | l | wrist** | | | | | humerus | (hand | and | | | | | and ulna. | bone near | **moves | | | | | | the | the | | | | | | pinky). | hand** | | | | | | | toward | | | | | | | the pinky | | | | | | | side. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Pronator | Medial | Middle of | **Rotates | |  | | | of the | | so the | | | | | humerus | | palm | | | | | and ulna. | | faces | | | | | | | down. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **median | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Triceps | Infraglen | Olecranon | **Straigh | |  | | long | of the | (elbow | elbow** | | | | | scapula | bone). | and helps | | | | | (shoulder | | with | | | | | blade). | | shoulder | | | | | | | extension | | | | | | |. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Triceps | Posterior | Olecranon | **Straigh | |  | | lateral | humerus. | | elbow**. | | | | | | | Innervate | | Lateral | | | | | d | | to | | | | | by the | | triceps | | | | | **radial | | brachi | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Brachiali | Anterior | Coronoid | **Bends | |  | | | humerus. | ulna. | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **musculo | | | | | | | cutaneous | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Coracobra | Coracoid | Middle of | **Helps | |  | | | | | nerve**. | | | | | | | | | Number 7 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Triceps | Posterior | Olecranon | **Straigh | |  | | medial | humerus. | | elbow**. | | | | (two | | | Innervate | | | | heads) | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Supinator | Lateral | Radius | **Rotates | |  | | | of the | | so the | | | | | humerus | | palm | | Idk what | | | and ulna. | | faces up. | | this is | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Anconeus | Lateral | Olecranon | **Assists | |  | | | of the | | ning | | | | | humerus. | | the | | | | | | | elbow**. | | | | | | | Innervate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by the | | | | | | | **radial | | | | | | | nerve**. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | median | **Action* | | | | | | | *: | | | | | | | **Control | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | muscles** | | | | | | | that help | | | | | | | bend the | | | | | | | wrist, | | | | | | | fingers, | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | thumb. | | | | | | | Provides | | | | | | | feeling | | | | | | | in the | | | | | | | thumb, | | | | | | | index, | | | | | | | middle, | | | | | | | and part | | | | | | | of the | | | | | | | ring | | | | | | | finger. | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Ulnar | **Action* | | | | | | | *: | | | | | | | **Control | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | muscles** | | | | | | | that bend | | | | | | | the wrist | | | | | | | and move | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | fingers, | | | | | | | especiall | | | | | | | y | | |