Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

Which type of fibers innervate the heart to increase the heart rate?

Parasympathetic fibers

Sensory fibers

Sympathetic fibers (correct)

Motor fibers

What role does the vagus nerve play in heart function?

Increases heart rate

Slows heart rate (correct)

Supplies blood to the head

Regulates blood pressure

What type of muscle does the common carotid artery supply blood to?

Smooth muscle (correct)

Cardiac muscle

Striated muscle

Skeletal muscle

Which statement correctly describes the effect of sympathetic innervation on the heart?

Increases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the common carotid artery?

To supply blood to the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

How does sympathetic stimulation differ from parasympathetic stimulation regarding heart rate?

Sympathetic increases heart rate, while parasympathetic slows it down Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is known to supply blood to the head and neck?

Common carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What effect do sympathetic fibers have on blood pressure?

Increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the internal oblique muscle?

To compress the abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves innervate the internal oblique muscle?

Lower thoracic and first lumbar nerves Signup and view all the answers

What structures are involved in compressing the abdominal contents?

Transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle helps flex the trunk anteriorly?

Rectus abdominis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the transversus abdominis in relation to the abdominal wall?

Compresses the abdominal contents Signup and view all the answers

Where does the internal oblique muscle insert directly?

Linea alba and lower ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared characteristic of both the internal and external oblique muscles?

Both contribute to trunk stability and movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does NOT participate in trunk flexion or compression?

Erector spinae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

To move the hand toward the pinky side Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the extensor carpi ulnaris?

Radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What action does the pronator teres perform?

Rotates the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Where does the extensor carpi ulnaris originate?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is associated with the middle location where the pronator teres exerts its force?

Radius Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary movement of the wrist facilitated by the straightening of the wrist?

Extension Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the radial nerve in the context of the extensor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres?

It innervates both muscles Signup and view all the answers

What direction does the hand move when the extensor carpi ulnaris is activated?

Toward the pinky Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for adducting and medially rotating the arm?

Pectoralis major Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the internal intercostals during forced expiration?

Depressing the ribs Signup and view all the answers

The pectoralis major is innervated by which nerves?

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the rib does the superior intercostal border refer to?

Above the rib Signup and view all the answers

During forced expiration, which function does the internal intercostal muscle serve?

Assist in rib depression Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT directly involved in innervating the intercostal muscles?

Cervical plexus Signup and view all the answers

What specific region does the pectoralis major originate from?

Clavicle and sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is the action performed by the intercostal muscles during deep inhalation?

Elevation of the ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Teres major muscle?

Lower subscapular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Teres major muscle?

Medially rotates the arm Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve?

Teres minor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Teres minor muscle?

Lateral rotation of the arm Signup and view all the answers

From which anatomical location does the Teres major muscle originate?

Inferior angle of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is involved in adducting the arm?

Teres major Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the upper and lower subscapular nerves?

Innervate muscles of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a muscle action associated with the Teres major?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Rate Regulation

Sympathetic fibers increase heart rate.
Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) slows heart rate.

Common Carotid Artery

Major artery supplying blood to the head and neck.
Structure is not a muscle; it's a blood deliverer.
Smooth muscle regulates blood pressure.
Innervated by the radial nerve. Helps straighten the wrist.

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Located at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and ulna; base of the fifth metacarpal.
Straightens the wrist and moves the hand toward the pinky side.
Innervated by the radial nerve.

Pronator Teres

Located at the medial epicondyle of the humerus and ulna; middle of the radius.
Rotates the forearm, flexing the trunk.
Innervated by the lower six thoracic nerves.

Internal Oblique

Located at the thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament; linea alba and lower ribs.
Compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk.
Innervated by the lower thoracic and first lumbar nerves.

Transversus Abdominis

Located at the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and lower six ribs; linea alba and pubic crest.
Compresses abdominal contents.
Innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves.

Teres Major

Located at the inferior angle of the scapula; medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Adducts and medially rotates the arm.
Innervated by the lower subscapular nerve.

Teres Minor

Located at the lateral border of the scapula; greater tubercle of the humerus.
Laterally rotates the arm.
Innervated by the axillary nerve and intercostal nerves.

Internal Intercostals

Located at the superior border of the rib below; inferior border of the rib above.
Depresses ribs during forced expiration.
Innervated by the intercostal nerves.

Pectoralis Major

Located at the clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of the first six ribs; greater tubercle of the humerus.
Adducts and medially rotates the arm.
Innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves.

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Description

Explore the concepts of heart rate regulation and the anatomy of significant muscles and arteries such as the common carotid artery and extensor carpi ulnaris. This quiz covers nerve innervation and the functions of various muscles in the human body. Test your knowledge of human anatomy and physiology!