Lower limb II_ knee to foot_ part 2.pdf

02/12/23 Lower limb II: knee to foot: part 2 Learning objective: de ne the characteristics of synovial joints. Learning objective: describe the structure and function of the ligaments of the knee and ankle. The knee joint: Modi ed synovial hinge joint. 3 bones involved. Femur, tibia and patella. 2 a...

02/12/23 Lower limb II: knee to foot: part 2 Learning objective: de ne the characteristics of synovial joints. Learning objective: describe the structure and function of the ligaments of the knee and ankle. The knee joint: Modi ed synovial hinge joint. 3 bones involved. Femur, tibia and patella. 2 articulations: tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. The menisci: These are a pair of semilunar brocartilage discs bet ween the tibia and femoral condyles. Medial meniscus is C shaped. Well anchored to the tibia and less more which means it’s at more risk of injury. Lateral meniscus is almost O shaped. It is more mobile and so at less risk of injury. Medial lateral Right leg superior view Cruciate ligaments: Anterior cruciate ligament. ACL Posterior cruciate ligament. PCL ACL resist anterior tibial translation. PCL resist posterior tibial translation. cruciate ACC PCL tear tears excessive Anterior excessive posterior Collateral ligaments: Lateral and medial ligaments. Medial is thicker, stronger and blended to joint capsule. However, there is more force on the medial side to it is injured more often. Lateral is thin and extracapsular. Loose in exion and less likely to injure. tibial crossed movement tibial movement