Lower Extremity Bones and Joints PDF

Lower Extremity Bones  support against gravity freely movable part (thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot), carries body weight, and stabilization. Lower extremity bones Pelvis (sacrum and 2 coxae) Coxal bone (İlium, İschium, Pubicum) Thigh Femur Leg Tibia Fibula Foot Tar...

Lower Extremity Bones  support against gravity freely movable part (thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot), carries body weight, and stabilization. Lower extremity bones Pelvis (sacrum and 2 coxae) Coxal bone (İlium, İschium, Pubicum) Thigh Femur Leg Tibia Fibula Foot Tarsal bones (7)  Pelvis… (2 x coxal bones + 1 sacrum)  Coxal bones, ilium (2), ischium (3), and pubis (4)  coxal bone consists of 3 bones that are united  The region where these three bones unite is named as acetabulum  Femur (bone of thigh) (proximal part) the longest and strongest bone of the body Generally, lenght of femur is 1/4 of lenght of body proximal pole houses head of femur and neck of femur ligament of head of femur articulates head ofwith femur coxal bone & artery of head of femur  Femur (distal pole) is limited by two epicondyles has two condyles and condyles join knee joint and make a stronger joint The patella does not join the knee joint. Limits the  Leg (tibia & fibula) Tibia: on the medial side of the leg Proximal pole (head) + femur, + fibula. Tibial tuberosity an elevation where quadriceps femoris muscle inserts Distal pole, medial malleolus, hammer- shaped protrusion easily  ALT EKSTREMİTE KEMİKLERİ Leg (tibia & fibula) Fibula: distal pole, lateral malleolus hammer- shaped protrusion easily can be palpated by hand due to fibula has no relation with Femur, does not join the knee joint  Foot: body weight is transmitted from tibia to talus bone and from talus bone to whole foot At last the body weight is transmitted to calcaneus bone which is formed heel, and to metatarsal bones 1st and 5th. Calcaneus bone forms heel and is the largest tarsal bone Hip joint (Art. Coxae) Acetabulum Lunate * a thick cartilage face layer * * Acetabular fossa transverse acetabular ligament (Lig. – no cartilage , transversum acetabuli) only vessels, nerves and fatty tissue 11 Acetabular labrum (like a pillow) 12  Hip joint (Art. Coxae) iliofemoral ligament (Lig. iliofemorale) ( Y shaped) pubofemoral ligamet (Lig. pubofemorale) Ischiofemoral ligament (Lig. ischiofemorale) 13 14 15 16 17  Zona orbicularis 18 Knee joint (Art. Genus) Tibiofemoral joint Patellofemoral joint knee joint consists of two joints above 19  medial lateral condyle condyle lateral epicondyle medial epicondyle 20  Intercondyl ar groove  articulates with posterior surface of the patella Intercondyla r notch cruciate ligaments pass through 21  tibiofemoral joint is between condyle of femur and plateau of tibia Tibial plateau upper surface of condyle of tibia 22 intercondylar eminence posterior intercondylar area anterior intercondylar area 23 Knee joint (Art. Genus) 24 Art. Genus Lig. Patellae Retinaculum mediale et laterale Lig. Popliteum obliquum Lig. Popliteum arcuatum Lig. Collaterale med et lat Lig. Cruciatum anterius et posterius Meniscus medialis et lateralis Lig. Transversum genus 25 26 27 Tibiofibular joint (Art. Tibiofibularis) 28 29 Ankle joint (Art. talocruralis) Hinge type joint , dorsal flexion and plantar flexion is avaiable 30  Eklemleri isimlendirelim. 31  talonavicular joint (Art. Talonaviculare) + calcaneocuboidal Forefo joint (art. Calcaneocuboidea) = transvers tarsal joint (art. Tarsi ot transversa) (Chopard) Tarsometatarsal joints (Artt. Tarsometatarsal) (Lisfranc) Midfoot intermetatarsal joints (Artt.intermetatarsal) metatarsophalangeal Rarefo (Artt.metatarsophalangeale) ot interphalangeal joints of foot (Artt.interphalangales pedis) 32 talocalcaneal joint (Art. Subtalaris) supination (invertion+abduction) and pronation (evertion+adduction) are available invertion is limited by talofibular ligament (lig.talofibulare ant and post),calcaneofibular ligament (lig.calcaneofibulare) evertion is limited by medial ligament (lig.mediale) 33 34 talocalcaneonavicular joint (Art. talocalcaneonavicular) ‘Spring ligament’ =lig.calcaneonavi culare plantare 35 36 Arches of foot 37 development of arches of foot 38 Arches of foot 3 arches - Medial longitudinal arch (Arcus longitudinalis med.) (Calcaneus, Cuboid bone, 3 cuneiform bones, 1-3 metatarsal bones) - lateral longitudinal arch (Arcus longitudinalis lat.) (Calcaneus, Cuboid bone, 4-5 metatarsal bones) - Transverse arch (Arcus transversus) (Base of metacarpales, Cuboid bone, 1-3 cuneiform bones) 39 40  Long plantar lgament (Lig. plantare longum) (Calcaneus – Cuboid, 3-5 metatarsal) Short plantar ligament (Lig. plantare brevis) (Calcaneus – Cuboid) 41