Lotions: Definitions, Applications, and Preparations PDF

Lotions: Definitions, Applications, and Preparations Definition of Lotions Lotions are liquid preparations that contain solid materials for external application to the…...

Lotions: Definitions, Applications, and Preparations Definition of Lotions Lotions are liquid preparations that contain solid materials for external application to the… They are used for treating local conditions such as inflammation, acne, and infections (bacterial, Overview of Lotions viral, and parasitic). fungal, Lotions can also serve as washes, gargles, and solutions for urethral or vaginal… Most lotions are suspensions or emulsions, requiring labels that instruct users to shake before use indicate and they are for external use only. Alcohol: Acts as a coolant and co-solvent. Composition of Lotions Humectants: Retain moisture on the skin, glycerol with being a common example. Common components in… Vehicle: Typically includes purified water. Preservatives: Such as phenol, chlorocresol, benzoic and acid to prevent microbial growth. Stabilizers: To maintain the suspension therapeutic of agents. Applications of Lotions Used for antiseptic and germicidal pur… Medicinal Lotions Treat skin diseases and provide cooling and mild anesthetic effects for skin irrita… Applied to hair, scalp, face, and hands. Cosmetic Lotions Widely used as sunblock preparations to protect against UV radia… Sunlight and Skin Interaction Sunlight consists of visible light, infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) radia… Components of Sunlight Infrared rays produce heat sensations, while UV radiation can have therapeutic and toxic effects on skin. the UV radiation can penetrate the skin, leading to the release of histidine, which converts to… Dilatation of blood vessels. Effects of UV Radiation This process causes: Local irritation, resulting in severe itching burning. and Excessive UV exposure leads to increased melanin production as a protective re… Notes on Lotion Ingredients Alcohol enhances drying and cooling effects. Role of Alcohol and Glycerol Glycerol maintains skin moisture and aids in wetting pow… Highly viscous agents like gum tragacanth are unsuitable due to sticki… Viscosity and Wetting Agents Wetting agents (e.g., glycerin or mineral oil) are necessary for hydrophobic substances to dispersion improve in water. Preparation of Lotions Calamine: 8 g Zinc oxide: 8 g Example: Calamine Lotion Ingredients: Glycerin: 6 ml Water: to make 100 ml Calamine: 1.6 g Zinc oxide: 1.6 g For a required volume of 20 ml, divide the Calculation for Preparation amounts by 5: Glycerin: 1.2 ml Water or lime water: to make 20 ml. Mix calamine and zinc oxide in a mortar. Levigate with glycerol. Procedure for Making Calamine Lo… Add lime water and levigate again. Transfer to a measuring device and complete to the required… Uses of Calamine Lotion Therapeutic Benefits Soothing and protective for skin irritation, diaper rash, and dermati… Serve as demulcents and soothing agen… Calamine and Zinc Oxide: Used topically for dermatitis, skin rashes, and UV as scattering agents in sunscreen. Role of Ingredients in Calamine Lo… Keeps the skin surface moist. Glycerol: Aids in wetting calamine powder. Increases viscosity and reduces sedimenta- in the lotion. tion