Liver Function PDF

Chapter 10 Liver Function Key Terms and Objectives Bile Bilirubin Cirrhosis Conjugated bilirubin Crigler Najjar syndrome Delta bilirubin Hepatic jaundice Hepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma Icterus Jaundice Kupffer cells Post Hepatic Jaundice Pre-Hepatic Jaundice Unconjugated bilirubin...

Chapter 10 Liver Function Key Terms and Objectives Bile Bilirubin Cirrhosis Conjugated bilirubin Crigler Najjar syndrome Delta bilirubin Hepatic jaundice Hepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma Icterus Jaundice Kupffer cells Post Hepatic Jaundice Pre-Hepatic Jaundice Unconjugated bilirubin Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase Urobilinogen 1. Describe the anatomy of the liver including location and blood supply. 2. Explain the function and appearance of lobules. 3. Describe the blood flow through the liver. 4. Name the two important cell types associated with the liver and state the function of each. 5. List the four major functions of the liver 6. Describe in detail the steps involved in bilirubin metabolism 7. Differentiate between unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin 8. Explain in detail why conjugation of bilirubin must occur 9. State the enzyme responsible for the conjugation of bilirubin 10. Explain liver function including bile secretion, and detoxification. 11. Differentiate prehepatic hepatic and post hepatic jaundice. 12. State the adult, premature infant, and full-term infant, reference ranges for bilirubin 13. Explain why infant bilirubin reference ranges are so different from adult bilirubin reference ranges 14. Compare and contrast how total and direct bilirubin measurements are performed. 15. Explain the three ways in which the liver can process carbs 16. Describe the liver’s role in lipid metabolism 17. Describe the liver’s role in protein metabolism 18. Explain the liver’s role in detoxification and drug metabolism 19. Explain the clinical significance of jaundice and kernicterus 20. State the bilirubin levels in which we would expect to see jaundice in the patient 21. Discuss the causes and treatment of prehepatic, hepatic, and post hepatic jaundice 22. State the genetic disorders associated with hepatic jaundice 23. Explain how light therapy works for patients with jaundice 24. Explain how cirrhosis can lead to a poor prognosis in patients 25. Discuss the leading causes of cirrhosis in the United States 26. Discuss liver cancer, including the percentage of liver carcinoma that begins in the liver vs the percentage of cancers that metastasize to the liver. 27. State the cancers that are most likely to spread to the liver 28. State the principle of the diazo reaction 29. Demonstrate the ability to calculate unconjugated bilirubin 30. Compare and contrast how total and direct bilirubin measurements are performed. 31. State the 3 fractions of bilirubin 32. Describe the specimen requirements for testing bilirubin 33. Explain why samples that are being tested for bilirubin need to be protected from light 34. Explain the typical pathway of urobilinogen 35. State the most common causes of hepatitis 36. Describe the enzymes commonly used to assess hepatocellular and hepatobiliary disorders and explain how they are used to differentiate diseases of the liver. 37. Discuss liver disorders and appropriate laboratory tests needed for diagnosis. 38. Evaluate laboratory data and correlate with normal or pathological liver disorders. 39. Compare and contrast how total and direct bilirubin measurements are performed. 40. Identify the various types of hepatitis to include cause, transmission, occurrence, alternate name, Physiology, diagnosis, and treatment. 41. Apply knowledge of liver function to answer case studies throughout the chapter.