Literacy Exam Prep PDF

Exam prep Adjectives- the word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Affixes- parts added to the beginning or end of a root word to create a new word. Prefix- a syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning. Root word- the base words you start with before adding pr...

Exam prep Adjectives- the word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Affixes- parts added to the beginning or end of a root word to create a new word. Prefix- a syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning. Root word- the base words you start with before adding prefixes or suffixes. Context clues- hints the author gives to help define a difficult or unusual word. Metaphor- a comparison without using like or as. Simile- a comparison using "like" or "as". Analogy- a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way. Science Fiction- Fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological advances and major social or environmental changes, frequently portraying space or time travel and life on other planets. Fictional literature- six major elements... plot, character, point of view, setting, style, theme. Rising action- a series of events that builds from the conflict and leads to the climax. Falling action- events after the climax, leading to the resolution. Activating prior knowledge- Nouns- person, place, thing, or idea. Verb- action word. Syntax- sentence structure. Alliteration- the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Onomatopoeia- a word that imitates sound. Bathos- trying to evoke pity, sorrow or nobility that goes overboard. Pathos- uses language to evoke an emotional response in readers. Vocabulary- the more vocabulary a student knows the higher their comprehension. Fluency- read accurately and quickly increase fluency by providing many reading opportunities. Phonics- learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented by letters. Decoding- method/ strategy to make sense of printed words and correctly pronounce them. Alphabetic principle- use of letters and combos of letters to represent speech sounds. Onset sounds- sounds at beginning of words. Oxymoron- two terms used together for contradictory effect. Hyperbole- example or phrase that exaggerates for effect. Euphemism- using a cover up word that avoids the explicit meaning of an unpleasant or offensive term. Connotative- the figurative meaning or feeling associated with a word. Denotative- the literal definition of a word. 4 Stages of reading development- emergent, early reading, transitional reading, fluent reading. Etymology- the study of the origin and evolution of words, including their meanings and sounds. Components of fluency- Rate, accuracy, prosody. Stages of writing process- brainstorm, drafting, revising, editing, publishing. Closed syllable- the vowel is followed by a consonant. Open syllable- nothing come after the vowel. Print concepts- are rules readers use to understand how print carries meaning and how to read. Fiction- Not real Non-fiction- real (based on facts) Fable- a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.