Rizal's Life and Works - Lesson 4: Family and Childhood PDF

GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS LESSON 4: FAMILY AND CHILDHOOD KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Divine Providence José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo The belief in divine intervention that shaped Realonda...

GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS LESSON 4: FAMILY AND CHILDHOOD KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Divine Providence José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo The belief in divine intervention that shaped Realonda Rizal’s life and achievements. Full name of Dr. Jose Rizal, a national hero Rizal’s Birth and Family Background of the Philippines. Birth: Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Doctor: Completed a medical degree in Laguna. Spain. Baptism: June 22, 1861, by Father Rufino José: Chosen by his mother, named after Collantes; godfather was Father Pedro St. Joseph Casanas. Protacio: From the Christian calendar. Parents: Don Francisco Mercado: Born in Binan, Mercado: Surname adopted by his Laguna, a tenant-farmer and considered by great-great-grandfather, meaning “market” Rizal as “a model of fathers.” in Spanish. Dona Teodora Alonso: Educated and Rizal: Derived from “Ricial,” meaning a cultured, known for her strength and literary green wheat field in Spanish. talent, and was a significant influence on Rizal’s intellectual development. Alonzo: Maternal surname. Home of Rizal Realonda: Surname from his mother’s godmother. A two-story house in Calamba, described by Rizal as a peaceful and happy place that Hereditary Influence shaped his early memories. Traits inherited from ancestors, which played a role in shaping Rizal's character Siblings of Jose Rizal and intellect. Saturnina Environmental Influence Oldest sibling, married Manuel Hidalgo. External factors such as family, community, and mentors that influenced Rizal’s early education and beliefs. 1 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Paciano Rizal’s older brother and confidant, Tio Jose Alberto portrayed as Pilosopo Tasio in Noli Me Inspired his artistic abilities. Tangere. Narcisa Tio Manuel Married Antonio Lopez, a school teacher. Encouraged physical exercise. Olympia Tio Gregorio Married Silvestre Ubaldo. Fostered his love for reading. Lucia Significant Early Memories Married Mariano Herbosa, denied Christian burial due to being Rizal’s brother-in-law. First Memory Playing in the family garden at the age of Maria three. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz. Religious Life Concepcion Participated in family prayers and the nightly Died at age three, Rizal’s first sorrow. Angelus. Josefa Early Reading Died as an old maid at the age of 80. Began reading the Spanish family Bible at age five. Trinidad Died as an old maid at age 83. Rizal’s Poem "Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo" Soledad Written at age 15, this poem reflects his Married Pantaleon Quintero. deep love for his hometown, Calamba, and his fond memories of his early childhood. Rizal's Early Life and Education This reviewer outlines key aspects of Rizal's Baptism family background, his early influences, and Three days later, baptized by Father Rufino formative experiences that shaped his later Collantes. achievements as a national hero. First Sorrow The death of his sister Concepcion, which deeply affected him. First Teacher His mother, Teodora, taught him to read and write. His uncles also helped shape his early intellectual and artistic development. 2 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS LESSON 5: EARLY EDUCATION Encouraged his talent for poetry and imagination through storytelling. IN CALAMBA AND BINAN Other Teachers KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Maestro Celestino First tutor after Doña Teodora. Ilustrado A member of the educated elite in the Maestro Lucas Padua Philippines during the Spanish colonial Second tutor, details not extensively period, often associated with reformist provided. ideas. Leon Monroy Four R's Background: A former classmate of Rizal’s The basic subjects taught during Rizal's father. early education: Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and Religion. Subjects: Spanish and Latin. Tenure: Died five months after beginning to Corporal Punishment teach Rizal. Physical punishment used to enforce discipline in schools, prevalent during Schooling in Biñan Rizal's time. Age: Rizal was sent at age nine to continue Early Education his education. Locations: Calamba and Biñan. Accompaniment: His brother Paciano took him to Biñan. Characteristics: Education was characterized by strict Living Arrangements: Stayed with his methods and forced memorization. aunt’s family. No formal primary schooling; moral values First Day in Biñan and physical education were emphasized. School: Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz's The Hero's First Teacher school. Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda Location: A small nipa hut about 30 meters from his aunt’s house Relationship: Jose Rizal's mother.. Initial Experience: Taught Rizal the alphabet and prayers by Rizal faced laughter from classmates for age three. admitting he knew only a little Spanish and Latin. 3 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS The teacher’s demeanor was strict and Influence of Injustices serious. Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za First School Brawl Event On February 17, 1872, Filipino priests Conflict: Rizal fought with Pedro, a bully, Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, and after being teased. Jacinto Zamora (Gom-Bur-Za) were executed by garrote following the Cavite Outcome: Defeated Pedro, earning Mutiny popularity among classmates. Impact on Rizal: Academic Performance This execution deeply influenced Rizal’s sense of justice and nationalism. Distinction: Rizal excelled in Spanish, Rizal was inspired to fight against the Latin, and other subjects, surpassing his oppressive Spanish rule and vowed to older classmates. continue the struggle for Filipino rights. He dedicated his second novel, El Jealousy: Some classmates accused him Filibusterismo, to the memory of of misconduct, leading to punishments Gom-Bur-Za as a tribute to their martyrdom. despite his academic success. Injustice to Doña Teodora Daily Routine Event: Structure: Rizal maintained a methodical Before June 1872, Doña Teodora was daily routine involving prayer, study, and falsely accused of attempting to poison her exercise. brother’s wife. Diet: Simple meals, typically bamboo Arrest and Punishment: She was arrested orchards, rice and dried sardines. by Antonio Vivencio del Rosario, the gobernadorcillo of Calamba, and forced to Observations of Calamba walk a grueling 50 kilometers from Calamba to Santa Cruz, the capital of Laguna. Despite the challenges in Biñan, Rizal reflected fondly on his hometown, Imprisonment: She was imprisoned for two expressing nostalgia for his family and and a half years, despite the efforts of her upbringing. defense lawyers, Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan. Impact on Rizal: This unjust treatment of his mother strengthened Rizal’s determination to fight for human rights and justice. 4 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS It instilled in him a deep sense of empathy Manuel Xerez Burgos, nephew of Fr. Jose for the oppressed and a desire to challenge Burgos (one of the martyred priests in the tyranny. Gomburza case), interceded on Rizal’s behalf. Thanks to this intervention, Rizal was reluctantly admitted to Ateneo. Early Witness to Injustice Rizal was the first of his family to use the Personal Experience: Rizal, from an early surname "Rizal". His family name, age, saw how the colonial government "Mercado", had come under suspicion by abused power, whether it was in the form of the Spanish authorities due to Paciano’s his mother’s wrongful arrest or the involvement in political activities linked to Fr. execution of nationalists like Gom-Bur-Za. Burgos. Foundations of Nationalism: These Initially, Rizal boarded outside the walls of injustices helped shape Rizal’s core Intramuros on Caraballo Street at the values—love for country, justice, and house of a spinster named Titay, who owed freedom—which later became central the Rizals a debt of 300 pesos. themes in his writings and advocacy for the Filipino people. Ateneo Municipal (formerly called Escuela Pia) was a college for poor boys under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits, LESSON 6: SCHOLASTIC founded in 1817. TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION MANILA AND UST The Jesuits implemented a strict educational system that emphasized character development through rigid KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS discipline and religious instruction. This method greatly influenced Rizal's intellectual SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ADMU and moral formation. June 10, 1872: José Rizal, accompanied by Students were divided into two groups, his older brother Paciano, traveled to competing for academic prestige: Manila to begin his formal education. Roman Empire – Consisting of boarders (internos), symbolized by a red banner. Fr. Magin Ferrando, the college registrar at Ateneo, refused to admit Rizal at first for Carthaginian Empire – Consisting of two reasons: non-boarders (externos), represented by a blue banner. 1.He was late for registration. 2.He appeared sickly and undersized for his age. 5 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Academic rankings were also highly noon recess at Santa Isabel College, structured: paying three pesos for these extra sessions. Emperor – Best student in each "empire." At the end of the school year (March 1873), Tribune – Second best. he returned to Calamba for the summer vacation. Decurion – Third best. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874) Centurion – Fourth best. Rizal’s academic performance remained Stand-bearer – Fifth best. excellent, and he received excellent Ateneo students wore uniforms of grades in all subjects. He was awarded a hemp-fabric trousers and a striped gold medal at the end of the school year. cotton coat called rayadillo. Rizal changed his boarding house to Intramuros, at No. 6 Magallanes Street, where he stayed with an old widow named Dona Pepay. THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875) Rizal’s grades continued to be excellent, but this year, he won only one medal—in Latin. Despite his strong academic standing, Rizal himself felt unsatisfied with his performance FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873) this year. Rizal’s first professor at Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech, whom he described as a FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876) "tall thin man, with a body slightly bent On June 16, 1875, Rizal became a full forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, interno (boarder) at Ateneo. severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, Rizal was deeply influenced by Fr. and thin lips forming an arc whose ends fell Francisco de Paula Sanchez, a Jesuit toward the chin." professor who encouraged him to pursue his passion for writing and poetry. Rizal Rizal quickly distinguished himself as the described him as a "model of uprightness, brightest pupil in the class and won his first earnestness, and love for the advancement prize – a religious picture. of his pupils." To further improve his Spanish language skills, Rizal took private lessons during his 6 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS Under Father Sanchez’s guidance, Rizal Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the became a more dedicated student, and his World"). intellectual achievements flourished. "El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo" He topped all his classes and received ("The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo"). five medals by the end of the school year. Poems Written in 1876: "Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo" ("In Memory LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-1877) of My Town") – A tender poem honoring his hometown, Calamba. During his final year, Rizal’s academic performance remained outstanding. He "Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la continued to excel in all subjects and was Buena Educacion" ("Intimate Alliance regarded as the most brilliant student of Between Religion and Good Education") – his time, earning the title "pride of the Highlighted the importance of religious faith Jesuits." in education. On March 23, 1877, Rizal, at 16 years old, "Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Patria" ("Through Education the Country Arts, receiving highest honors during the Receives Light") – Advocated for the role of commencement exercises. education in national development. POEMS WRITTEN BY RIZAL IN ATENEO "El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y Prision de Boabdil" ("The Rizal’s poetic talent was first discovered and Captivity and Triumph: Battle of Lucena and nurtured by his mother, Teodora Alonso, the Imprisonment of Boabdil") – A martial and later developed under the tutelage of poem about the defeat of the Moors. Father Sanchez. "La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes His first notable poem, "Mi Primera Catolices en Granada" ("The Triumphal Inspiracion" ("My First Inspiration"), was Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into written in 1874 and dedicated to his mother Granada") – Described the entry of on her birthday when he was not yet 14 Ferdinand and Isabel into Granada. years old. Final Year (1877): Poems Written in 1875 "El Heroismo de Colon" ("The Heroism of "Felicitacion" ("Felicitation"). Columbus") – Praised Columbus as the discoverer of America. "El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes" ("The Departure: Hymn to "Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha" Magellan’s Fleet"). ("Great Solace in Great Misfortune") – A poetic retelling of Columbus’s tragic life. "Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo" ("And He is Spanish: 7 GE-009 RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS "A La Virgen Maria" ("To the Virgin Mary") Filipino students were humiliated by their – A religious poem without an exact date. professors. "Un Dialogo Aluviso a la Despedida de los Colegiales" ("A Farewell Dialogue of the Students") – A poignant farewell poem for his classmates at Ateneo. MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS (1877-1882) After completing his studies at Ateneo, Rizal enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in 1877, initially taking a course in Philosophy and Letters, partly due to his father’s influence and partly because Rizal was unsure of which career to pursue. Upon receiving advice from Fr. Pablo Ramon, the rector of Ateneo, Rizal shifted to medicine in 1878, aiming to help cure his mother’s failing eyesight. During this time, he also enrolled in a surveying course at Ateneo and obtained his title of "perito agrimensor" (expert surveyor) in 1881. INJUSTICES AT UST Despite his academic success, Rizal faced various forms of racial discrimination at UST. The Dominican friars, who administered the university, were often hostile toward Filipino students, and Rizal found the teaching methods to be obsolete and repressive. These negative experiences at UST inspired him to criticize the backwardness of the Spanish educational system in his novel, "El Filibusterismo". He vividly described these injustices in Chapter XIII, titled "The Class in Physics", where 8