Life Processes PDF

*Identify the structure and functions of plant cells and animal cells. * *Construct a model of plant and animal cells.*  Copy the diagram given below in the figure and label all the parts in your notebook.  Which cell is represented by the diagram? Why? How is animal cell different from plant ce...

*Identify the structure and functions of plant cells and animal cells. * *Construct a model of plant and animal cells.*  Copy the diagram given below in the figure and label all the parts in your notebook.  Which cell is represented by the diagram? Why? How is animal cell different from plant cell? Mention. What would happen to the life of a cell without mitochondria? Explain. Do all the cells in the human body contain the same cell organelles? Mention some examples to support your answer.  1. How is animal cell different from plant cell? 2. What would happen to the life of a cell if the cell membrane is removed from it?  3. Where are cells found in plants? Why? 4. The structures of nerve cells are different from that of sperm cells. Give reasons. https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/O3wo0nohRL3QLf5kGZIswkmv0vqr5eOBAGqlK4N6v7I4sIK4rpV6XCaQec9f\_ixUTWnDA\--5-HaguwhXnmGc1mvFTbcFfauqRpj0TSy4o5YwzAbMzntTpOJ6J118maELkqoKVPjStF-VftLYIbkj8bI - *Examine the level of organisation in organisms. * - *Identify the structure and functions of different plant tissues.* - *Observe the permanent  slides of plant tissues under the microscope (limited to dicot stem).* - Classify different types of plant tissues. - Identify two differences between meristematic and permanent tissues. - Is xylem similar to blood vessels found in humans? How? - Explain how different levels such as cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are arranged in the human body. - What are the roles of xylem and phloem?  - How is parenchyma important for plants? - What would happen to bamboo without sclerenchyma tissues? Explain. - How do different parts of our body such as the heart, lungs, and skin keep us functioning? - Imagine you have a powerful microscope that can zoom in on the tiniest structures of a living organism. What do you expect to see at the cellular level? Why or why not? - Describe the structure and functions of animal tissues.  - Observe the permanent slides of animal tissues under the microscope. - Explain the function of muscular tissue and nervous tissue. - State the difference between cardiac muscle, striated muscles, and non-striated muscle. - Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron (C*yton, axon, dendrites, node of Ranvier, nucleus). * - Do plants have nerves? Explain. - Are all plant cells elongated? Comment.   - State the difference between ligament and tendon. - Cardiac muscles are lifesaving tissues. Explain.  - Why are organs more complex than tissues? Explain. - Rearrange the following from the lowest level to the highest level. - brain, nerve, nervous system, neuron, bird - Tree, leaf, mesophyll cell, phloem, shoot system - Which tissue is responsible for the transportation of starch from the leaf to potato tuber? Explain.  - Do plants have nervous tissues? Explain. - Describe the structure and functions of animal tissues.  - Observe the permanent slides of animal tissues under the microscope. - Explain the structures and functions of the human digestive system.  - Explain the significance of the digestive system in humans.  - How is the stomach necessary for digestion? Explain.  - What are the roles of small and large intestines? Explain.  - How is the large intestine related to the small intestine? Mention. - How would infection on the oesophagus affect the process of digestion? Comment.  - Food that we consume is a complex compound. How is the food made absorbable by the cells? - Rearrange the sequence of digestive process:(Mouth---stomach--large intestine--oesophagus--small intestine-rectum) - Draw a labelled diagram of the human digestive system.  - How is the human digestive system necessary for the survival of the organism? Comment. - Identify different types of muscles.  - Describe the characteristics and the functions of muscles.  - Explain the working principle of antagonistic muscles.  - Why is skeletal muscle known as voluntary muscle? Explain. - Which muscle is found in the internal organs?  - What role does the non-striated muscle play?  - Which muscle is responsible for the pumping of blood?  - 'Muscles of our limbs are voluntary'. Explain in your own words.  - Do other animals have skeletal and involuntary muscles? Explain. - Explain antagonistic muscles with examples.  - What happens to the antagonist muscle when we move? - Describe the working principle of antagonistic muscles.  - How are antagonistic muscles necessary for our body movement? Explain.  - Explain the types, characteristics, and functions of joints. - Describe the significance of muscles and joints for the survival of organisms. - Which joint does not permit any movement of the bones? - Name a part of a body where immovable joints are present.  - Which kind of joint allows slight movement of the bones? - Why are movable joints capable of free movement? Explain. - Do other animals have similar types of joints as found in the human body?  - Draw a labelled diagram of the four types of joins found in the human body. - What is the significance of muscles and joints for the survival of animals?  - What would have happened to the movement of our body had there been no ball and socket joint? Explain.  - Why are joints absent in plants? - How are movements in our body facilitated by joints? Comment.  - Do animals like dogs, cats, and cattle have joints similar to that of humans? Why or why not? - Explain external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration.  - Explain how ATP is generated during cellular respiration.  - Which level of respiration is involved in the gaseous exchange through alveoli?  - Draw a diagram of an alveoli showing the process of gaseous exchange.  - Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of a cell. Explain. - What are the products of cellular respiration? Mention. - What would happen to the life of living organisms if there is no cellular respiration? Explore the types of cellular respiration that occur in plants and animals.  - Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in plants and animals.  - Explain the significance of respiration in sustaining life. - Which type of respiration does not require oxygen? - Which type of respiration uses oxygen to break down food substances? - Name one situation where anaerobic respiration takes place in the human body and in the plants respectively.  - How is respiration necessary for the survival of organisms? Explain.  - Do you think cells found in the leaf respire? Explain.  - Do all the living organisms respire only in the presence of oxygen? Explain.  - Which type of respiration would you consider more efficient -- aerobic or anaerobic? Why?  - What is the role of respiration in the growth and development of plants? - What would be life on the Earth without respiration? Comment.  - Respiration in the cell stops while people are in sleep. Explain.  - Explain fertilisation and its process. - Explain the different stages of foetal development.  - Discuss the consequences of teenage pregnancy and ways to prevent it.  - What are female gametes and male gametes called? - Where does fertilisation take place in the human body? - Explain the process of fertilisation.  - Explain the stages of foetal development. - What is formed after the fertilisation? Mention it. - How is fertilisation different from implantation?   - What role does an amniotic fluid play in the foetal development? - What will happen to the foetus if the placenta does not function? - *Develop models that explain the structures and functions of human eyes and ears. (Limited to structures of eyeball; external, middle, and internal structures of a ear)* - Explains the structures and functions of the human nose, tongue, and skin (*hair and basic internal chambers of nose*; *parts of tongue and taste buds*; and parts of the skin-*hair, epidermis, and dermis*) - What is the role of the optic nerve? - How is an image of an object formed in the eye? Explain. - What would happen if iris muscles are removed or damaged? Comment.  - Name three small bones found in the human ears. - Why does a person feel pain when he/she has an infection in the throat? - Explain how cochlea is involved in hearing sounds. - Develop strategies to take care of our eyes and ears to avoid diseases and injuries?  - A researcher asked ten students to taste mango pickle. Seven students found the pickle taste sour while three students found it tasteless.What could be the possible hypothesis of the study? - A person standing in the sun feels hot. Name the sense organ involved. - How does the human nose help in sensing the flavour of the food? Explain.  - Mention the roles of skin in regulating body temperature. - How do our eyes enable us to see objects? Explain. - What would happen if three ossicles are damaged? - Does our nose help us in sensing the favour of the food? Explain.  - How does our skin help our body to sustain and function properly? Explain.  - Explain substance abuse and its effects on the wellbeing of an individual and societal issues. - Justify the consequences of substance abuse and power dynamics as the causes of domestic violence and social discrimination to suggest ways to prevent them. - What risks do drinking alcohol and abusing tobacco pose to your health? Menthon two. - Identify some healthy lifestyle practices that you should adopt to stay healthy.  - Areca nut (Doma) consumption is deeply rooted in our culture and tradition. Do you consider this as a healthy habit? Justify your answer. - What do you think of some countries legalising marijhuna? Comment. - What is ALD? State some examples of ALD. - Substance abuse is commonly brought on by personal problems like broken families, damaged relationships, and stress. Since substance abuse makes them worse, what are some of the approaches you would take to solve such problems? - Explain the types of roots in plants. - Explain the functions of roots. - Demonstrate the functions of a root through osmosis.  - How are roots essential for the survival of plants? Explain. - What is the significance of root hairs? Mention.  - Roots of the maize plants belong to the fibrous root system. How? - Which root system, taproot or fibrous root system, is better for plants? How? - Explain sexual and asexual reproduction in plants. - Explain the natural and artificial vegetative propagation in plants. - Investigate the propagation of plants through stem cutting. - How do flowering plants reproduce? - Name the male and female gametes of plants. - Explain the process of fertilisation of male and female gametes in plants. - What are different methods of artificial vegetative propagation in plants? Mention them.  - How do plants, such as onion, ginger, and bamboo reproduce? Explain.  - Can animals reproduce through vegetative propagation? Comment.  - What would be life in humans if humans can reproduce in a similar manner of a vegetative propagation in plants? Explain.  - Plants with fibrous roots are more easily damaged by some herbivores. Make a logical case to support this claim. - Some desert plants have taproots that extend up to 20--30 feet underground. Others have fibrous root systems that cover wide areas. What are the advantages of a deep taproot and the advantages of a fibrous root system in a desert? - How does organic farming improve soil fertility? - Why is it not advisable to eat inorganic farm products? - Discuss whether the type of farming prevalent in our country is organic or inorganic. - Which of the farming methods has a greater negative impact on the environment? - How does organic farming address the challenges of pests and diseases?    - Test yourself by taking a quiz from [[https://bit.ly/kahoot\_veg-propagation]](https://bit.ly/kahoot_veg-propagation)  - Some plants can be propagated both sexually and asexually. Elaborate on it.  - Variation can be seen in plants produced as a result of sexual reproduction. Justify. - Why are few leaves left behind while propagating flowers through stem cutting? - What kind of plant would you choose when deciding on a scion for grafting? - Lhamo is in dilemma whether to choose grafted seedling or seedling raised from the seeds. Which seeding would you recommend to her? Justify. - Explain how plants and animals adapt to their habitats. - Differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition. - Explain how climate change effects adaptation, intraspecific and interspecific competition - Mention reasons why animals and plants have adaptations? - Carry out the quiz activities from the link [[https://bit.ly/3lmdIke]](https://bit.ly/3lmdIke). - In a forest ecosystem, intraspecific competition and interspecific competition are common. Which competition will be stronger? Give one reason. - The competition among the carnivores in a natural habitat becomes more intense when the numbers of offspring increase rapidly and the number of herbivores decline. Justify. - Differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition. - Imagine a population of rabbits in a meadow. How might intraspecific competition for limited resources such as food and territory impact the fitness and survival of individual rabbits? - Consider a scenario where two species of birds inhabit the same forest and feed on the same type of insect. How might interspecific competition influence the distribution and abundance of these bird species in the long run? - List two examples of interspecific competition happening in your locality. - Explain the causes and effects of biomagnification.  - Analyse the impacts  of biomagnification in an ecosystem.  - Describe biomagnification and its causes and effects. - Explain how the pesticides enter a food chain and subsequently get into our body.  - How does biomagnification affect organisms belonging to different trophic levels particularly the tertiary consumers? - Which organism in the food web would contain the highest concentration of chemical pollutants? - What is biomagnification. - Explain  the process of biomagnification. - How might biomagnification affect the health of top predators in your local community? - \"Biomagnification can pose risks to human health through the consumption of contaminated food. How can the knowledge of biomagnification influence our dietary choices and impact the health of the local community? - What measures could we take to prevent or minimise these long-term effects of biomagnification? - \"Biomagnification is not limited to a specific region; it can have global implications." How might human activities in your local community impact the biomagnification process in neighbouring Dzongkhags? - Explain biodiversity and its role in the ecosystem. - Evaluate sustainable development practices in the locality in conserving the local biodiversity. - Evaluate the religious and cultural practices that contribute to conservation of biodiversity. - Write down some measures to balance the needs of the human population and the need to conserve biodiversity. - While human activities are a contributing factor to the loss of biodiversity, they also play a significant role in maintaining it. Comment with three points. - What is biodiversity? - Explain the importance of Biodiversity. - Mention some human activities that pose threats to biodiversity. - Explain selective breeding in plants and animals with examples. - Explain the significance of selective breeding in plants and animals.  - Discuss advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding.  -  Explain the term selective breeding and hybridization. - 2\. A hybrid is produced as a result of breeding a donkey and a horse.  - a\. Name the hybrid. - b\. What will be the characteristics of the hybrid? - 3\. Why do farmers prefer to rear hybrid pigs to local pigs?  - 4\. What is the significance of selective breeding in plants and animals?  -. How might the selective breeding of specific traits impact the overall wellbeing of the plants and animals involved? - 3\. Why do farmers prefer to rear hybrid pigs over local pigs? - 4\. Compare and contrast between selective breeding and natural selection.  - 5\. Selective breeding is a blessing in disguise in the field of agriculture. Explain.  - Explain organic and inorganic farming to understand their advantages and disadvantages for the plant. - Explain different methods of organic farming and their significance. - Assess the impacts of inorganic farming on the quality of soil and the environment. - How does mulching help in increasing the production of crops? - Explain the significance of crop rotation in organic farming. - Explain biological pest control.  - Name a few plants and animals that control the pests in organic farming.  - Suggest ways to  care for the  sense organs. - *Explain the importance of  sense organs * - With the rise of technology, people are increasingly relying on screens for information and entertainment. How might excessive screen time impact our sense organs, particularly sight, and what strategies could be employed to mitigate potential negative effects? - Imagine a world without the sense of sight. How would it impact your daily life, interactions, and understanding of the environment? - How would it impact your mood, interactions, and awareness of your surroundings? -