Lexical Problems of Sports Term Translation PDF

International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Include...

International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A LEXICAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF SPORTS TERMS ALIKULOV ABDIKHAKIM GANIYEVICH Abstract Keywords: This article focuses on the significance of words, opinions and Multiple approaches of various terms on Sport. Being the central element of meanings,"objective" any language system, the word is a sort of focus for the problems emotional meanings, of phonology, lexicology, syntax, morphology and also for some blitz, subjective attitude other sciences that have to deal with language and speech, such as philosophy and psychology, and probably quite a few other branches of knowledge. Author correspondence: AlikulovAbdikhakimGaniyevich Docent,Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Philology, the Department of “English in faculties”, Karshi State University, Uzbekistan, INTRODUCTION Many words in any language have multiple meanings. At the same time, words with the same meaning in one language reflect their corresponding meanings in other languages in translation depending on the context. Many dictionary meanings can be found for this.In this matter the academician A. V. Scherba notes that: "Multiple meanings of words are shown when different languages are compared to each other. They appear according to their conditions on the way of historical development.For example, if we take some English adjectives, good, gentle, beautiful, excellent, and some corresponding French words bon, joli, beau, excellent, and compare their usage. In Russian, the Uzbek phrase for a good person is called ила хороший человек, прекрасный человек, and in French it is only un excellent homme / um homme bon; a good boy- хороший мальчик will be un excellent garcon or un garcon bien sage, but a good student - хороший ученик - will be un bon eleve". MAIN DISCUSSION However, independently of this, a word with a relatively limited meaning or a word used in a specific sense in one text may lead to several variants in translation. 53 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A In fact, although the meaning of a specific word in the original language is given in the dictionary, there may not be a limit when choosing them. There are many examples in the translation process. If you come across a word that is not listed in the dictionary (sometimes it is difficult to find the exact meaning of a word in dictionaries, therefore, it is done depending on the context), its meaning can be given in different ways. For example, here is an example from the Daily worker: Blitz a defensive maneuver in which one or more linebackers or defensive backs, who normally remain behind the line of scrimmage, instead charge into the opponents’ backfield. However, in the 3-4 defense, one linebacker typically rushes the passer with the three down linemen. This is not considered a blitz. If an additional linebacker is sent, bringing the total number of rushers to five, it is a blitz. V. K. Muller's dictionary gives the following meanings of quality: A break-in -a defensive maneuver in which the half-backs at the back attack forwards. Since there are no rich English-Uzbek dictionaries, We use the Russian-Uzbek dictionary published under the editorship of R. Abdurakhmanov to translate into pure Uzbek. However, there are thoughts that there is an English-Uzbek dictionary. Yes, there are, but they are small in size and do not give full meanings. Only a few meanings are given. The use of these dictionaries in such translations complicates the task further. Thus, in the Russian-Uzbek dictionary, meanings like сильный – кучли, қувватли, бақувват, зўр; шиддатли, қаттиқ; таъсирли cam mean meanings like неистовый – шиддатли, жуда қаттиқ. However, they cannot match the word "talab". We could use the word "hard" here, but it would not give us the richness of meaning we need. Therefore, it is more appropriate to translate, it is necessary to find such a quality that the rules of the Uzbek language are fully observed. From this point of view, it is not for nothing that the word "қатъий " is taken or used in the Uzbek translation. It shows the meaning and richness of this sentence in every way. In addition, words have emotional meanings in addition to their object-logical meaning. Some words have emotional meanings that are different from their semantic meaning. For example, if we take such English words: Mother, to love, radiant 54 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Or if we take the Uzbek words ватан, хурсанд, мулойим, the emotional meaning of these words leads not only to imagining an object, quality or action, but also to a specific approach to the emotion, this object or being. Words such as Ватан, хурсандчилик, қувонч, уруш, мотамevoke a feeling in everyone. Such words can be said to have "objective" emotional meanings. An objective emotional meaning can also be expressed by a word form, i.e. expressed by an adverb indicating emotionality, etc., but an emotional meaning can also be subjective, if it expresses the individual attitude of the speaker towards an object or being. In the emotional sense, one can always see a subjective evaluation, that is, a positive or negative evaluation. Mostly bright emotional meaning can be reflected in adjectives. There can be a subjective attitude when choosing a quality, because a quality reveals a certain characteristic of an object. An increase in the emotional meaning through the adjective leads to a decrease in the object-logical meaning. Some adjectives, adverbs or words derived from them may lose their object-logical meaning and may become intensifiers. For example: Counter a running play in which the running back will take a step in the apparent direction of the play (i.e., the direction the line is moving), only to get the handoff in the other direction. Weak side linemen will sometimes pull and lead the back downfield (sometimes called a counter trap), but not necessarily. The play is designed to get the defense to flow away from the action for a few steps as they follow the linemen, allowing more room for the running back. In the Uzbek language, this term has entered as "контр ". However, there is an equivalent in Uzbek, that is, the word "қарши " is used. Such things should not be forgotten in the translation. The meaning of the word should not be confused with its usage. Even an English word with one meaning can be widely used due to its wide range of meaning, and its usage may not match with the word used in Uzbek. As an example, consider the following words: Holding There are two kinds of holding: Offensiveholding, illegally blocking a player from the opposing team by grabbing and holding his uniform or body; 55 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Defensiveholding, called against defensive players who impede receivers who are more than 5 yards from the line of scrimmage, but who are not actively making an attempt to catch the ball As mentioned above, choosing the right word is mainly a translation problem. The task of the translator is to find an adequate translation of the English word, that is, let the found word describe the same stylistic color and the same environment to the reader in Uzbek. There are words that have the same meaning in both languages. For example, the English words arbiter, goal, out are used in Uzbek sports terms in the same sense - арбитр, гол, аут. It is not difficult to find an alternative to some English sports terms, for example: 1. The Leeds defender Michael Dubbery has suffered a hamstring injury which may keep him out for up to a month. 1. Лидз жамоасининг ҳимоячиси Майкл Даббери тиззa ости шикасти туфайли бир ойгача ўйинга чиқа олмаслиги мумкин. 2. The last time the Cobblers met United in the Cup when George Best ran riot at the old County Ground, scoring six times as the visitors won 8-2. 2. Охирги марта Кубокда Коблерлар Юнайтед билан учрашув қилиб, 8 – 2 ҳисобида ғалаба қозонишганди. Ўшанда Джордж Бест эски Каунти Граундда дарғазаб бўлганди. However, most words do not match their meaning in another language. Some verbs in English have a wider range of meanings than in Uzbek. Only in some cases they can correspond to other words in the Uzbek language. But it is translated differently depending on the meaning of the context. For example: when translating "to beat" into Uzbek, you have to use several words: Урмоқ, зарба бермоқ, майдаламоқ, титмоқ, келиб урилмоқ, тақиллатмоқ (ёмғир), ғалаба қозонмоқ, мағлубиятга учратмоқ, устун бўлмоқ, фирибгарлик қилмоқ, кезиб чиқмоқ (ўрмонни) ва ҳ.к. From the meanings given above, only the meaning of "мағлубиятга учратмоқ " is translated according to the context: Then in 2000 they progressed to face Liverpool after beating the Cobblers at Millmore. 56 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A 2000 йилда Милморда Коблерларни мағлубиятга учратиб, Ливерпул билан ўйин ўтказиш имкониятига эга бўлишди. The translator also comes across a synonymous line while searching for the required words. The presence of synonyms also helps to achieve adequacy in translation. For example: She was very brave about it. V. K. Muller's dictionary gives brave as follows: жасур, кучли; ажойиб, чиройли. In this context, we again use the English-Uzbek dictionary and find the following similar meanings: Жасур, қўрқмас; ажойиб, аъло даражада The next two words in the given sequence do not match in this case. Therefore, the synonym string will have to be expanded again by the translator: мард, ботир In the Uzbek language, these two words have the same meanings as the words жасур, қўрқмас. Therefore, we also need to choose the appropriate word and translate it: She was very brave about it. У буни матонат билан бошидан кечирди When choosing a word from the synonymy line, it is necessary to take into account not only the partiality of its meaning, but also the level of intensity of the meaning. The existence of synonymy in English presents another problem for the translator. There are very few absolute synonyms in the language. Synonyms are not always easily interchangeable. They may be very appropriate in one context and completely inappropriate in another. Synonyms are distinguished by their intensive level of expression of a concept with their acquisition of meaning, their emotional coloring, their stylistic coloring and their combination with other words. The English language is rich in synonyms due to its historical development. This synonymous wealth of the English language is widely used in all forms of written speech. Synonyms are used to strengthen the expression, to clarify the concept, to avoid repetition of a word. Since synonyms are used so much in English, the language has developed traditional synonymous pairs. Such pairs of compounds appear in all forms of speech. We will show examples of such synonyms below and show the methods of translation into Uzbek. The following words are used synonymously in the sports commentary section of The Guardian:defend, ward off 57 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A “Now we’ve got a chance to put it right, though I have been left with a right headache defensively. Whichever way we go, we’ve got to defend a lot better than we warded off at Cardiff, anyway” said Moor. - Хозир эса бу шароитни тўғирлашнинг яхшигина имконияти бор, гарчанд мен бир қанча бош оғриқларга дуч келган бўлсамда. Қайси йўлдан боришимизга қарамасдан, ҳар қалай Кардифдаги химоямиздан хам яхшироқ химояни кўрсатмоқчимиз. When we look up the verb to defend in this sentence, Muller's dictionary gives meanings such as "химояламоқ ", "асрамоқ", "қўриқламоқ". But if we use the last two of the above-mentioned words in Uzbek translation, our speech may be far from colorful. Therefore, in Uzbek language, we chose the meaning of the word "химоя" according to the context. Note another chain of synonyms below: Thiswas the game ofdefending, fortifying, guarding …. The translator should maintain the increase in intensity of meaning here: Бу ўйин химоялаш, холатни сақлаш, қўриқлаш..... ўйини бўлди. It would be a mistake to think that a synonym performs the same function each time it is used in a sentence. Often, synonyms are used to clarify and strengthen the concept: Williams fell to the canvas three more times and suffered nasty cuts as Klitschko picked him off with the jab. In this sentence, the word "jab" is opposed to the word "pick off" because it means "корпусга қаратиб берилган зарба ". It is translated as follows: Уиллямс бир неча бор йиқилди ва Кличконинг тўғри корпусга берган зарбасидан сўнг анча оғриқдан азоб чекди. Traditional synonyms are sometimes not preserved in the translation, because one of their corresponding synonyms is chosen in Uzbek: And the referee stopped the contest after the fourth knockdown in round eight, with Williams visibly stunned in the battle. Here instead of the word "contest, battle" you can use words like "match", "fight". But these very words were used to clarify the topic and the sentence was translated into Uzbek as follows: 58 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 13 Issue 05, May 2023, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 UGC Approved Journal Number: 48887 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Саккизинчи раундда Уиллямс нокдаунга учрагач рефери жангни тўхтатди. Бунда кўриниб турган эдики у жангни давом эттира олмасди. Pairs of synonyms are not always preserved in judicial documents that require maximum precision. For example: Just and equitable – одил Null and void – ҳақиқий эмас The proposal was rejected and repudiated.Таклиф рад қилинди. Speaking of synonyms, it should also be noted that translation options are usually called "synonyms" in the literature on translation problems and talk about "choosing synonyms in translation" and "synonymous means of expressing meaning". However, such lexical correspondences do not always correspond to the concept of "synonym". There are words and phrases that go far beyond the scope of this concept. Bibliography 1. Бархударов Л.С. Рецкер Я.И. Курс лекций по теории перевода. М. 1978. 2. Бархударов Л.С. Язык и перевод. М. 1975. 3. Ермолович Д.И. Функционально-семантические особенности индивидуализирующих знаков (на материале спортивных терминов). Автореферат дисс. на соиск. уч. степени к.ф.н. М. 1981. 4. Пьянкова Т.М. Некоторые системные схождения между русскими и английскими терминами и их отражение в переводе (на основе спортивных терминах). Автореферат дисс. на соиск. уч. степени к.ф.н. М. 1974. 5. Bell R. Translation and Translating: Theory and practice. London. 1991. 6. Toury G. Semantic basis of interpreting sports terminology. Amsterdam. 1997. 7. Azimov A.Kh. Neologisms and their interpretation in linguistics. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 12 Issue 11, November 2022 59 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected]