Lesson1_It-s-All-about-Biology.pdf

BIOLOGY: It’s All About You  All about Biology! What is Biology? Biology is the study of life. The word "biology" is derived from Why do you think it is the Greek words "bios" important for us to study Biology? (me...

BIOLOGY: It’s All About You  All about Biology! What is Biology? Biology is the study of life. The word "biology" is derived from Why do you think it is the Greek words "bios" important for us to study Biology? (meaning life) and "logos" (meaning "study"). In general, biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms.  Major Breakthroughs in Biology 21st Century- Human Genome Project was completed  Major Breakthroughs in Biology Genetic Recombination Technique  Major Breakthroughs in Biology E. coli transformation  Major Breakthroughs in Biology CRISPR-Cas9  Major Breakthroughs in Biology Dolly the sheep becomes the first adult mammal cloned  All about Biology! Biology- literally means “study of life”. Three major divisions of Biological Sciences Zoology- animals Botany- plants Microbiology- microorganisms  All about Biology! Traditional branches of Biological Sciences Taxonomy- naming and classifying organisms Cytology- structures and functions of cells Genetics- heredity and variation Ecology- relationships of organisms with their environment. Physiology- functions of living organisms and their parts.  All about Biology! Traditional branches of Biological Sciences Embryology- formation & development of organism. Morphology- forms and structure of organisms. Evolution- origin and differentiation of various organisms. Biochemistry- biochemical compositions of living things. Immunology- immune system  All about Biology! New subdisciplines in Biology Molecular Biology- study of molecules that make up the cells of living organisms. Genomics- study of the entire genetic material (genome) of an organism. Proteomics- study of the different proteins (proteome) found in a living organism.  All about Biology! New subdisciplines in Biology Bioinformatics- study of biological data using computer programs. Pharmacogenomics- study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.  Explain the Biology Behind This…. Scrubbing the skin with a wet towel when someone has fever  Explain the Biology Behind This…. Adding vinegar and salt when preparing pickled fruits and vegetables Explain the Biology Behind This…. Planting an orchid in a full grown tree  All about Biology! Life arose more than 3.8 billion years ago The Miller-Urey experiment provided the first evidence that organic molecules needed for life could be formed from inorganic components.  Theories on the Origin of Life Creationism- All forms of life were created by God.  Theories on the Origin of Life Cosmozoic or Interplanetary Theory- Life came from heavenly bodies such as meteorites in the form of highly resistant spores – Panspermia Svante Arrhenius  Theories on the Origin of Life Abiogenesis or Spontaneous Generation- Living organisms came spontaneously from any nonliving matter.  Theories on the Origin of Life Biogenesis- Living things came from living things. Francesco Redi’s Experiment (1668) disproved abiogenesis.  With the Scientists… Francesco Redi’s Experiment Francesco placed meat in all the jars, but covered two the jars. Maggots developed in the open jar but did not develop in the covered jars.  With the Scientists… John Needham’s Experiment He challenged Redi's findings by conducting an experiment in which he placed a broth, or “gravy,” into a bottle, heated the bottle to kill anything inside, then sealed it. Days later, he reported the presence of life in the broth and announced that life had been created from nonlife.  With the Scientists… John Needham’s Experiment  With the Scientists… Abbe Lazzaro Spallanzani’s Experiment Spallanzani put broth in a flask, sealed the flask so that way no air could get in, and boiled it. No organisms grew in that flask. Many people said that all that Spallanzani did was prove that Spontaneous Generation did not occur when there was no air.  With the Scientists… Louis Pasteur’s Experiment It was only in 1861 through/Louis Pasteur's experiment that most scientists were convinced that spontaneous generation does not occur. Pasteur designed an experiment to test the idea that a vital element from air was necessary for life to occur. He boiled sugar solution with yeast in flasks with long neck. Pasteur made a series of flasks with long, twisted necks (“swan-neck” flasks), in which he boiled broth to sterilize it.  With the Scientists… Louis Pasteur’s Experiment  With the Scientists… Louis Pasteur’s Experiment If spontaneous generation had been a real phenomenon, Pasteur argued, the broth in the curved-neck flask would have eventually become reinfected because the germs would have spontaneously generated. But the curved-neck flask never became infected, indicating that the germs could only come from other germs. Characteristics of Life  Characteristics of Life All living things are composed of cells. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Unicellular Multicellular  Characteristics of Life Living things are capable of metabolism. Metabolism – sum total of all chemical reactions in a living organism Catabolism – “breaking down” Anabolism – “building up”  Characteristics of Life Living things grow. Growth – increase in size or weight Intussusception – growth from within the organism  Characteristics of Life Living things reproduce. Reproduction – ability to produce offsprings Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction  Characteristics of Life Living things adapt. Irritability – ability to perceive and response to changes in the environment (stimuli) Grrr.. It’s cold… Mimosa pudica response to touch.  Characteristics of Life Living things move. Living things can move on their own. Locomotion – movement from one place to another  Characteristics of Life Living things maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis – ability to maintain a constant internal balance. Sweating when it’s hot.  Characteristics of Life Living things have definite form and size. Definite form and size is attained in the whole life span of the organism.  Characteristics of Life Living things move Locomotion or motility  Characteristics of Life Living things manifest heredity. Heredity – transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Genes – determine the characteristics (traits)  Characteristics of Life Organization of life in a vertical dimension.  Characteristics of Life Organization of life in a horizontal dimension. Are viruses living organisms?