GED 101 Understanding The Self - PDF

GED 101 Understanding the Self 1. The perspective of human sexuality Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics and 3....

GED 101 Understanding the Self 1. The perspective of human sexuality Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics and 3. 2. Reproductive System Discussing the Erogenous Zones 4. 5. Understanding the Chemistry of Lust, The diversity of sexual behavior and Love, and Attachment gender differences, solitary, heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, transsexual 6. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs) 7. Methods of Contraception PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN SEXUALITY HISTORICAL  ANCIENT GREECE Man assumes the dominant role The male symbol is viewed as the symbol of fertility. Women are considered as objects to be possessed just like a property Woman in Greek is “gyne”—children bearer  MIDDLE AGES The strong influence of the church particularly in matters of sexuality All sexual acts that do not lead to procreation were considered evil PROTESTANT REFORMATION Protestantism believes that sexuality is a natural part of life and priests should be allowed to marry and have families. Sexual intimacy strengthens the bond of couple  TH TH 17 to 18 CENTURY The Puritans rallied for religious, moral and ▸ societal reform Premarital sex was considered immoral ▸ PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN SEXUALITY BIOLOGICAL  PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS Growth of scrotum and testes Increase in size of vagina and SIMILARITIES uterus Secretion of Hormones related to sperm production Pubic hair Ovaries produce hormones to Oily skin start the menstrual cycle Growth of penis Voice deepens SECONDARY SEX SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS Increase in height Body and facial hair Increase in body Hips widen More muscle mass odour Development of breasts Greater height than females Distribution of fat to hips Broadening shoulders Body gets curvier  Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics and Reproductive System There are two kinds of reproduction: asexual and sexual. Many biochemical events must occur before an organism can reproduce either way. 1. Asexual reproduction The simplest form of reproduction that literally means without sex. A single celled animal grows to a certain stage or size and divides into two identical organisms. Multi-celled asexual organisms have developed several unique reproductive strategies. 2. Sexual reproduction In organisms that reproduce sexually, there are males and females and reproduction occurs when partners come together. This also involves reproductive cells, including a female ovum (egg) and a male’s sperm. In both male and female embryos, the tissues that will form the structures of the internal genitalia that are destined to develop in only one way, either as structures in the female reproductive system or structures in the male reproductive system, but not both. PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN SEXUALITY PSYCHOLOGICAL The erogenous zone is the The erogenous zone is the The erogenous zone is the mouth anus genitals PSYCHOLOGICAL The erogenous zone is the genitals again  FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Oral Stage ‣ The erogenous zone is the mouth which receives gratification through eating and sucking Anal Stage ‣ The erogenous zone is the anus in which sexual gratification is derived from defecation ‣ The erogenous zone is the genitals Phallic Stage ‣ Sexual attractions on the opposite sex parent ‣ Oedipus complex-sexual attraction of the boy child toward the mother ‣ Electra complex- sexual attraction of the girl child toward the father Latency Stage ‣ Sexual impulses lie dormant as the child is occupied by social activities such as going to school and playing ‣ The erogenous zone is the genitals again Genital Stage ‣ Sexual attraction is directed towards others usually to the opposite sex PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN SEXUALITY RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING CHEMISTRY OF LOVE, LUST AND ATTACHMENT  William Masters and Virginia Johnson use the term “sexual-response cycle” to describe the changes that occur in the body as men and women become sexually aroused. THE PHASES OF HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE Sexual response varies form one ▸ person to another person and sexual fulfilment can occur without the completion of all phases  1. Lust Phase Testosterone - intense craving for sexual contact Estrogen 2. Attraction Phase Dopamine - couple are infatuated and pursue a Norepinephrine relationship Serotonin 3. Attachment Phase - long-term bond between partners Oxytocin Vasopressin characterized by feelings of security, comfort and emotional union. THREE PHASES OF ROMANTIC LOVE John Lee’s Styles of Love 1. Eros – sexual and emotional 2. Storge – love- related friendship 3. Ludus – love is just a game 4. Mania – obsessive and possessive 5. Pragma – compatibility with partner 6. Agape – altruistic and selfless love ( God’s Love)  Triangular Theory of Love by Robert Sternberg 1. Intimacy- the desire to give and receive 2. Passion- intensely romantic or sexual desire for another person 3. Commitment- the decision to maintain the relationship through good times and bad times DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Sex came from the Latin word “secare” meaning “to divide” xxzz  xxzz SEX GENDER SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS Pattern of romantic, emotional or sexual attraction to a person of opposite sex, same sex or both sexes. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STIs) SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS Diseases that are contracted ▸ primarily through sexual contact with an infected individual An increasing health problem ▸  ‣ One of the common sexually transmitted infections Chlamydia ‣ Organism that spreads through sexual contact and infects the genital organs of both sexes Genital herpes ‣ Caused by a large family of viruses of different strains ‣ These are small blisters or sores around the genitals that when it breaks open it causes excoriating pain. ‣ symptoms for males are discharge from the penis and burning sensations Gonorrhoea while urinating ‣ Symptoms for females are irritating vaginal discharge Syphillis ‣ This first show itself in a small wound at the point of sexual contact. In the second stage, rashes appear. ‣ This infectious disease may affect the brain, heart and even the growing fetus ‣ Leads to infections that lead to attack and destroy the immune system HIV/AIDS which is the defence of the body to illness like cancer, tuberculosis, etc. ‣ HIV leads to AIDS if untreated METHODS OF CONTRACEPTIONS CONTRACEPTIONS: NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL NATURAL/BEHAVIORAL METHODS 1. Rhythm or calendar method- determining female’s most fertile and infertile times by charting the menstrual cycle 2. Abstinence or celibacy- avoidance of sexual intercourse 3. Outercourse- sexual activity that does not include the insertion of the penis into the vagina 4. Withdrawal – This is the withdrawal of the penis from vagina prior to ejaculation. There are mainly three types of artificial contraception they are: 1. Hormonal Contraception 2. Barrier Methods 3. Emergency Contraceptive HORMONAL METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION 1. Hormonal contraceptives (the pill, the patch, and the vaginal ring) all contain a small amount of man-made estrogen and progestin hormones. These hormones work to inhibit the body's natural cyclical hormones to prevent pregnancy. BARRIER METHODS In this method, the fertilization of ovum and sperm is prevented with the help of barriers. Barriers are available for both males and females. Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber that are used to cover penis in males and vagina in females.  STERILIZATION 1. Tubal litigation- surgery for woman in which the fallopian tubes are tied to prevent eggs from travelling to the uterus 2. Vasectomy - operation in which a surgeon makes a small cut in the upper part of the scrotum then ties the vas deferens. Man can still have orgasm after the operation INTRAUTERINE DEVICE A small device that is placed in the uterus by a doctor to prevent pregnancy EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION Protects against pregnancy after unprotected sex has already occurred. Could be through IUD or higher dosage of pills.