Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Class (Week 5) PDF

LESSON 4: EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 1.What is an earthquake? 2.What are the potential hazards of earthquake? 3.How would you know that an earthquake might happen? 4.Give some Precautionary and Safety Measures Before, During, and After an Earthquake. At the end of the discussion, the learners should...

LESSON 4: EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 1.What is an earthquake? 2.What are the potential hazards of earthquake? 3.How would you know that an earthquake might happen? 4.Give some Precautionary and Safety Measures Before, During, and After an Earthquake. At the end of the discussion, the learners should be able to: a. explain various volcano-related hazards; b. differentiate among different volcano hazards; c. recognize signs of an impending volcanic eruption; d. interpret different volcano hazard maps; and e. apply appropriate measures/interventions  before, during, and after a volcanic eruption. Volcanoes are openings in Earth’s crust that allow the energy from the interior of Earth to escape to the surface. MAGMA- composed of molten rocks from Earth’s mantle -its energy goes out in the form of LAVA, ASH, and GAS  It is because the Earth’s crust is broken up into tectonic plates. Most of the volcanoes are found on the edges of plates where one plate connects to another. More than 20 active volcanoes 1. Lahar 2.Ash Fall 3.Pyroclastic Flow 4.Ballistic Projectile  5.Volcanic Gas 6.Lava Flow an Indonesian term for the mixture of water, pyroclastic materials, and rock fragments flowing down a volcano or river valley  composed of bits and pieces of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass these fragments measure 2mm  Volcanic ash is usually spewed out from explosive eruptions when dissolved gases in  magma expand and go out violently into the atmosphere. Some ashes can form clouds, especially during humid and dry weather. Ash falls slowly and can destroy structures and buildings can destroy agricultural land clog air filters of vehicles and machinery on roadways, wet ash can be slippery  airborne particles can have adverse health effects refers to the fast moving fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases When pyroclastic flow travels down a volcano, it maintains a very high temperature. Mt. Pinatubo-750C Gases that come with it can explode and may even cause acid rain.  a rock fragment ejected from volcano during its explosive eruption it is like a cannonball that travels fast in the air. Volcanic projectiles can be bombs or blocks. BLOCKS- solid BOMBS-launched in a partially  molten or molten state can travel 5km or even further consist of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide which are poisonous to organisms constituents of magma during eruption excessive composition can cause acid rain  elements exposed can be prone to corrosion can cause respiratory problems and health risks molten rock that pours down from the slopes of the volcano lava flow is denser and moves more slowly compare to pyroclastic flow It can kill vegetation roads. Forest fires can be ignited by it. 1. Occurrence of tremors or increase in the frequency of small earthquakes 2. Deformation in the ground manifested by changes in ground elevation (tilting) and formation of cracks or openings (ground fissuring). All these observations can support the speculation that rocks are being pushed upward and out of the crater of the volcano. 3. Increase in the amount of volcanic gases and in temperature, which may indicate that the magma has gone closer to the surface 4. Glow of volcanic crater due to the presence of magma 5. Increase in steam emission coming from volcanic openings, fissures, or hot springs 6. Thermal changes within the surroundings of the volcano 7. Change in the color of nearby vegetation and lakes (The color changes in vegetation and lakes are due to the dissolution of minerals and other acidic chemicals from the volcano that found their way into these open areas.) 8. Landslides and rockfall not due to heavy rains 9. Drying up of springs and freshwater sources  around the volcano Volcanoes are scattered from north to south of the Philippines. Places that are at high risk to volcanic eruptions: -Camiguin -South Cotabato -Sulu -Laguna -Biliran -Camarines Sur -Albay -Batanes -Bataan -Sorsogon 1. Stay updated with the local news. 2. Learn about your community warning systems and emergency plans. Have a meeting with all family members and make sure that each member is well informed of your plan and he or she knows where the emergency supply kit is. 3. Prepare an emergency supply kit that should include the following: first-aid kit, clean clothes, food and water, flashlight with extra batteries, battery-operated radio, prescribed medicines, dust masks, goggles, and sturdy shoes. 4. Pack all important and essential items in light and waterproof containers. 5. Secure livestock in enclosed authorities. Follow the authorities‘ shelters. instructions if they tell you to 6. Listen to public safety evacuate the area. announcements of local 1. Follow evacuation orders issued by local authorities and remind family members of your disaster plan. Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions are given by authorities. 2. If told to stay indoors, place a damp cloth over your windows and, if possible, over your doors. Make sure all windows, doors, and other vents are kept closed to prevent entry of ash and other materials spewed out by the volcano. The wet cloth will help keep fine volcanic particles from entering your house. 3. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. 4. Use goggles to protect your eyes. 5. Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your face to prevent inhalation of ashes and other volcanic particles. This will also help you breathe easier. 6. Avoid low-lying regions and river areas near the volcano. Volcanic debris and ash will be carried by the wind and gravity. 7. Listen to a battery-operated radio for the latest emergency information. 1. Wait for the announcement from local authorities that it is safe to return to your house. 2. Inspect your house carefully for any damage before you enter it. Do not enter your house if you smell gas, lahar is present, or authorities have declared it unsafe. 3. If you or a family member has a respiratory ailment such as asthma or bronchitis, stay away from volcanic ash fall areas. Volcanic ash can cause severe damage to the respiratory system as well as irritation to the skin and the eyes. 4. Wear a dust mask, gloves, and goggles while cleaning the debris and ash fall on the roof of your house to avoid further damage. 5. Check electrical wirings, appliances, and gas tanks before using them. 6. Boil water before drinking it. Groundwater pipes may have been contaminated by volcanic particles. 7. Stay informed and listen for emergency updates and news. What did you learn in the discussion? QUIZ ABOUT LESSONS 4 AND 5 ON NEXT MEETING UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION  CLOSING PRAYER UA Senior High School Forming Catholic Leaders: Biasa, Maganaca, Mayap