Lesson 5 - Urine Pregnancy Testing PDF

Lesson 5: Pregnancy Testing Presented by: Charmaine Gellieann R. Magsino, RMT Camille Joy C. Caguicla, RMT Khim J. Magtibay, RMT Objectives At the end of the lecture, the learner will be able to: 1. Define terms related to pregnancy test 2. State the purpose of pregnancy test 3. D...

Lesson 5: Pregnancy Testing Presented by: Charmaine Gellieann R. Magsino, RMT Camille Joy C. Caguicla, RMT Khim J. Magtibay, RMT Objectives At the end of the lecture, the learner will be able to: 1. Define terms related to pregnancy test 2. State the purpose of pregnancy test 3. Determine acceptability of urine sample for pregnancy test 4. State the principle of the different pregnancy tests 5. Discuss quantitative pregnancy test 6. Correlate test results 7. Identify sources of errors and corrective measures 8. Apply concepts of quality assurance and quality control 9. Correctly report test results using the standard format Pregnancy Pregnancy Testing First morning urine – preferred urine specimen SG should be 1.015 or higher for optimal result False positive results may occur with large amounts of blood, protein, or bacterial contamination Pregnancy Testing Human chorionic gonadotropin A glycoprotein hormone with two non-identical subunits (alpha and beta polypeptide chains) Synthesized and secreted by trophoblast cells of the placenta Helps maintain the uterine lining, the endometrium, with an adequate blood supply until placental synthesis of progesterone begins Alpha chain – structurally similar to LH and FSH Beta chain – unique to hCG Pregnancy Testing B-hCG Substance tested in pregnancy Secreted in the urine within 2 to 3 days after implantation of the embryo or approximately 8 to 10 days after fertilization Levels of this hormone rise rapidly after conception and remain elevated in pregnancy, peaking in the first trimester of pregnancy Pregnancy Testing Enzyme immunoassays Most popular method used for testing Rapid test kit For the procedure, the manufacturer’s guidelines should be followed Results are reported as B- hCG positive or B-hCG negative may show positive results in urine sample in as little as 10 days after conception Importance of Pregnancy Testing: To determine if a woman is pregnant or not because some woman needs medications To determine if there has been an incomplete abortion To differentiate pregnancy from other uncommon conditions like hydatidiform mole and chorioepithelioma To differentiate pathologic conditions of mole, like chorioepithelioma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, or the testis and seminoma.  Molar pregnancy or H mole – a rare mass or growing tumor that develops from trophoblastic cells after fertilization of an egg by a sperm. Chorioepithelioma – it is a malignant neoplasm of a trophoblastic cells formed by abnormal proliferation of the placental epithelium without production of chorionic villi. Causes of False Positive Reaction User error Recent pregnancy Chemical pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy Molar pregnancy Certain medications (Novare, Ovidrel, Pregnyl, Profasi) Certain underlying conditions Causes “Phantom hCG” large amounts of blood, protein, or bacterial contamination menopausal Causes of False Negative Reaction Low titer or concentration of B-hCG Diluted urine