2.2 Diagnosis of Pregnancy.pdf

Course Code : : NS MTN 401 Lecture No : L2.3 Title of the lecture : Diagnosis of Pregnancy Dr. Masani Abdelbagi A. Elmahdy September 5, 2024 Assistant Professor...

Course Code : : NS MTN 401 Lecture No : L2.3 Title of the lecture : Diagnosis of Pregnancy Dr. Masani Abdelbagi A. Elmahdy September 5, 2024 Assistant Professor www.gmu.ac.ae Learning Objectives Define presumptive , probable and positive signs of pregnancy Identify the subjective symptoms and objective signs of pregnancy trimester wise Describe pregnancy tests Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy Definition: Symptoms that suggest pregnancy but are not definitive Examples: Nausea and Vomiting: Commonly known as morning sickness Breast Tenderness: Changes in breast sensitivity Fatigue: Increased tiredness or exhaustion Frequent Urination: Increased need to urinate Changes in Appetite: Food cravings or aversions Probable Signs of Pregnancy Definition: Signs that strongly indicate pregnancy but are not conclusive Examples: Chadwick’s Sign: Bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva Goodell’s Sign: Softening of the cervix Hegar’s Sign: Softening of the lower uterine segment Positive Pregnancy Test: Detection of hCG in urine or blood Chadwick’s Sign Goodell’s Sign Hegar’s Sign: Positive Signs of Pregnancy Definition: Definitive signs that confirm pregnancy Examples: Fetal Heartbeat: Detection of fetal heart sounds via Doppler or ultrasound Fetal Movements: Feeling or detecting fetal movements Ultrasound Imaging: Visualization of the embryo or fetus Subjective Symptoms by Trimester First Trimester (Weeks 1-12): Nausea and vomiting Breast tenderness Fatigue Subjective Symptoms by Trimester Second Trimester (Weeks 13-26): Decreased nausea Increased energy Feeling fetal movements Subjective Symptoms by Trimester Third Trimester (Weeks 27-Birth): Increased fetal movements Backaches Frequent urination Objective Signs by Trimester First Trimester: Positive pregnancy test (hCG) Chadwick’s sign Second Trimester: Hegar’s sign Growth of the uterus Third Trimester: Leopold’s maneuvers (fetal position) Measurement of fundal height Pregnancy Tests 1. Home Pregnancy Tests: 1. Method: Detects hCG in urine 2. Accuracy: >99% when used correctly 2. Blood Tests: 1. Qualitative hCG Test: Detects presence of hCG 2. Quantitative hCG Test: Measures the amount of hCG 3. Ultrasound: 1. Early Detection: Confirms pregnancy and checks fetal development 2. Routine Use: Monitoring growth and assessing health Ultrasound: References 1. Kona H. DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics. 9th ed. India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2018. ISBN-13: 978-9352-702-428. Pg 42 -51, 60- 66. 2. Pillitteri A. Maternal and child health Nursing: care of childbearing &childrearing. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2017. ISBN-13: 978- 1496-348-135.Pg 203 – 207, 213 -220, 3. One step pregnancy test https://youtube/WyPdlZdWMWc