Lesson 5-Typhoons PDF

Second Quarter Lesson 5 Mariwen C. Alemios Dagupan City National High School Vocabulary Checkpoint! The process of turning from liquid into vapor ANSWER: EVAPORATION The process of turning from vapor or gas to liquid ANSWER: CONDENSATION CONDENSATION...

Second Quarter Lesson 5 Mariwen C. Alemios Dagupan City National High School Vocabulary Checkpoint! The process of turning from liquid into vapor ANSWER: EVAPORATION The process of turning from vapor or gas to liquid ANSWER: CONDENSATION CONDENSATION The spinning of the Earth around its own axis ANSWER: ROTATION By studying the map, you can see that typhoons start in oceans. Typhoon formation is like an exciting culinary adventure! It involves specific ingredients and a sequence of proper steps to be followed! 1 Warm Ocean Water 2 Evaporation 3 Cloud Formation 4 Low Pressure 5 Earth’s Rotation  WARM OCEAN WATER Typhoons start over warm ocean water. The water needs to be really warm, around 26.5 degrees Celcius or more. This warm water provides the energy that helps create a typhoon. A TYPHOON NEEDS WARM OCEAN WATER LIKE HOW A CAR NEEDS A FUEL FOR ITS ENGINE TO START!  2. EVAPORATION The warm ocean water causes water to turn into vapor (evaporate). This process cools down the water but warms up the air above it. The warm, moist air rises into the sky. EVAPORATION (LIQUID TO GAS)  3. CLOUD FORMATION As the warm, moist air goes up, it meets cooler air in the atmosphere which causes it to turn back into tiny water droplets. These tiny droplets come together and make clouds. HOW ARE CLOUDS FORMED?  4. LOW-PRESSURE AREA The rising warm air creates an area of low pressure near the ocean's surface. Air from all around rushes in to fill this low-pressure area. This creates a loop where more air keeps coming in, making the low-pressure area stronger.  MEMORY HACKS WARM AIR COLD AIR GOES UP GOES DOWN Warm air UP, Cold air DOWN  When warm air rises, it creates a region with less air, and we call this a "low-pressure area."  5. EARTH’S ROTATION The Earth’s rotation causes the swirling winds in the atmosphere to spin the clouds. When the spinning clouds get stronger and faster, they can turn into a big, powerful storm called a typhoon.  CORIOLIS EFFECT Caused by the spinning force due to Earth’s rotation which is responsible for many large-scale weather patterns.  CORIOLIS EFFECT In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes moving air to deflect to the right of its original path. In the Southern Hemisphere, the deflection is to the left. This deflection impacts the way winds circulate around a low-pressure center, causing them to spiral. In the Northern Hemisphere, it spins counterclockwise, and in the Southern Hemisphere, it spins clockwise.  ALWAYS REMEMBER! COUNTER-CLOCKWISE CLOCKWISE  MEMORY HACKS 1 WARM OCEAN WATER 2 EVAPORATION 3 CLOUD FORMATION 4 LOW-PRESSURE AREA 5 EARTH’S ROTATION  THINKING BEYOND TYPHOON! The Ivatan people are an Austronesian ethnolinguistic group native to the Batanes and Babuyan Islands of the northernmost Philippines.  THINKING BEYOND TYPHOON! Why do you think the Ivatan people build their houses with stones and cogon roofs?  THINKING BEYOND TYPHOON! Batanes is frequently hit by typhoons primarily due to its geographical location and its position in the path of typhoons that develop in the western Pacific Ocean. Batanes is also surrounded by open sea, providing warm ocean waters that are favorable for the development and intensification of tropical cyclones.  Batanes and Babuyan Islands are often hit by typhoons because they are located in the northernmost part of the Philippines. Most typhoons in the Philippines move from east to northwest, often originating in the western Pacific Ocean. Many typhoons also take a slight northward path, curving as they move, which brings them directly over or close to Batanes and Babuyan Islands. Their position near the pathway of these typhoons makes these islands highly vulnerable to frequent and intense storms.  Quiz Time! To test your understanding for the lesson, answer the 10-item quiz. 1. What is the primary source of energy for a typhoon? A) Solar radiation B) Earth's core heat C) Warm ocean water D) Air pressure ANSWER: C 2. At what sea surface temperature do typhoons typically form? A) Below 20°C B) Between 20-25°C C) Around 26.5°C or higher D) Exactly 30°C ANSWER: C 3.What is the role of Earth’s rotation in typhoon development? A) It causes ocean currents B) It imparts a spinning motion C) It generates warm air D) It creates high pressure ANSWER: B 4. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the development of a typhoon? A) Low atmospheric pressure B) High atmospheric pressure C) Stable air masses D) Cool ocean temperatures ANSWER: A  ARRANGE THE STEPS OF TYPHOON FORMATION 3 As the warm, moist air goes up, it cools down and forms clouds. ___ 5 The Earth's spin makes the developing storm spin too leading to ___ the formation of typhoon. 1 The water needs to be really warm, around 26.5 degrees Celcius ___ or more. This warm water provides the energy that helps create a typhoon. 2 The warm ocean water causes water to turn into vapor ___ (evaporate). 4 The rising warm air creates an area of low pressure near the ___ ocean's surface. Air from all around rushes in to fill this low-pressure area creating a loop.  Tropical Cyclone A tropical cyclone is a large, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a closed circulation pattern, fueled by warm ocean waters.  Tropical Cyclone Tropical depression, tropical storm, typhoon, and super typhoon are categories of tropical cyclones. As the winds intensify or weaken, the category is upgraded or downgraded accordingly.  Tropical Cyclone Categories Maximum Wind Speed Category kilometers per hour (kph) Tropical Depression Up to 61 Tropical Storm 62-88 Severe Tropical Storm 89-117 Typhoon 118-220 Supertyphoon greater than 220 Tropical Cyclones Names 1. Hurricanes - refer to tropical cyclones located in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean 2. Typhoons - are tropical cyclones located Northwest Pacific Ocean 3. Cyclones - occur in the Indian and South Pacific Ocean basins Over bodies of water, near the equator! BUT, Why? Typhoons need warm ocean waters in order to form.  Parts of a Cyclone 1. Eye 2. Eyewall 3. Rain Bands Which part of the typhoon has the strongest winds and rains? EYEWALL Where is the calmest part of the typhoon? EYE Which part spin out from the center and give the storm its size? RAIN BANDS Eye is the calmest part!  PARTS OF A CYCLONE 1. Eye – has the lowest air pressure and lowest wind speed.  PARTS OF A CYCLONE 2. Eyewall – has the greatest windspeed  PARTS OF A CYCLONE 3. Rainbands – bring rain showers; pressure increases as it goes farther from the eye What agency of the Philippines mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to ensure the safety, well-being and economic security of all the people? Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration  Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons? Geographical Location The Philippines is located just north of the equator, which means that it is in a region where the sun’s rays are most direct. This leads to high sea surface temperatures, which provide the heat and moisture necessary for typhoon formation  Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons? Geographical Location To add to that, the nearest ocean is the pacific – the largest ocean. Let’s not forget that Philippines is an archipelago, it has a long coastline making most of its provinces exposed to typhoons  Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) ITCZ is the region that circles the Earth, near the equator, where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.  Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) This is the smallest and innermost monitoring domain, whose boundary is closest to the Philippine Islands. The PAR is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA monitors weather occurrences. What does it mean when a typhoon enters the Philippines area of responsibility? When a typhoon enters in the Philippine Area of Responsibility or PAR, the PAG ASA will name the typhoon and will monitor the weather and climate of the country. Philippine Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) How landforms affects typhoon within the PAR? Land masses weaken typhoons, causing them to dissipate if the land mass is large. Typhoons are sustained by deep convection and release of latent heat, and so require warm ocean water to sustain the convection and wind speeds. If a typhoon moves over land, this supply of warm ocean water is cut off, and the typhoon dissipates.  WINDWARD AND LEEWARD SIDE Windward means "upwind," or the direction from which the wind is blowing. The leeward—or "lee"—side is the one sheltered from the wind by the reference point.  WINDWARD AND LEEWARD SIDE ✓ Windward side has more vegetation compared on the leeward side. This is because of the amount of precipitation the windward side receives.  WINDWARD AND LEEWARD SIDE ✓ A typhoon is likely to dissolve or decrease its wind speed when it passes over a mountain or a mountain range. The cold air on top of a mountain prevents the building up of a typhoon, which needs warmer air.  How bodies of water affects typhoon within the PAR? The bodies of water help in the formation and development of a typhoon. In order for a typhoon to develop, it needs the abundance of warm water, high humidity, optimal location, ocean water with a temperature of 26.5˚C. Typhoon gains energy from warm ocean water and loses it over cold water. Tracking of Typhoon Inside the PAR  Problem Solving Typhoon Louis is moving at 64 kph and is making a landfall in Manila at exactly 7:00 AM. At what time will the typhoon hit Quezon Province if the distance between the two points is 416 km? t= d/s t = 416 km/64kph t = 6.5 hours ANSWER: 1:30 PM  Problem Solving Laguna is 259 km away from Bicol and is about to experience Typhoon Max that is expected to landfall in 2 hrs. What is the speed of the typhoon? s = d/t s= 259 km/2 hours S = 129.5 kph ANSWER: 129.5 kph  Problem Solving Typhoon Katrina is moving at 220 kph and is making a landfall in Leyte at exactly 10:00 PM. At what time will the typhoon hit Bicol if the distance between the two points is 330 km? t= d/s t = 330 km/220 kph t = 1.5 hours ANSWER: 11:30 PM  Problem Solving Dagupan is 150 km away from Zambales and is about to experience Typhoon Julio that is expected to landfall in 1.5 hours. What is the speed of the typhoon? s = 150/1.5 hour s= 150 km/1.5 hours S = 100 kph ANSWER: 100 kph  “Life isn’t about waiting for the storm to pass; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.”