Biomedical Ethics Lesson 5 PDF

Introduction to Biomedical Ethics Prepared By: Chuckee B. Gatchalian, LPT, MAEd, MOS Learning Objectives: 1. Define what is Biomedical Ethics? 2. Differentiate the 4 Principle of Biomedical Ethics. 3. Discuss the Common Examples...

Introduction to Biomedical Ethics Prepared By: Chuckee B. Gatchalian, LPT, MAEd, MOS Learning Objectives: 1. Define what is Biomedical Ethics? 2. Differentiate the 4 Principle of Biomedical Ethics. 3. Discuss the Common Examples and Issues of Biomedical Ethics.  What is Biomedical Ethics? Bio Medical Ethics Bios comes from the Greek word means “Life”. Some common English vocabulary words that Medical means relating to Ethics is a branch of philosophy come from this root word illness and injuries and to their that focus on our actions and include biology, biological, treatment or prevention. behavior, based on well-founded biography and etc. One easy Relating to the science of standards of what is morally word that is helpful in medicine to treat the patient's good or bad and right or wrong remembering bio is biology, or using surgery, operation, for the society. the study of “Life”. diagnose, drugs and etc. What is Biomedical Ethics? Biomedical Ethics is branch of applied ethics that studies the philosophical, social, and legal issues arising in medicine and the life sciences. It is chiefly concerned with human life and well-being, though it sometimes also treats ethical questions relating to the nonhuman biological environment.  The 4 Principles of Biomedical Ethics Prepared By: Chuckee B. Gatchalian, LPT, MAEd, MOS The 4 Principle of Biomedical Ethics Autonomy Non - Maleficence Beneficence Justice An Ethical duty to An Ethical duty An Ethical An Ethical duty ensure patients' to avoid duty help to ensure the decisions are harming or others and risks and benefits informed and injuring promote good of treatments are voluntary. patients. for society. distributed fairly.  Common Examples of Biomedical Ethics Prepared By: Chuckee B. Gatchalian, LPT, MAEd, MOS  Health Consultation Health Consultations usually are sought when practitioners with primary clinical responsibility recognize conditions or situations that are beyond their level of expertise or available resources.  Organ Donation Organ Donation is the process when a person allows an organ of their own to be removed and transplanted to another person, legally, either by consent while the donor is alive or dead.  Transplantation Transplantation is a surgical procedure in which an organ, tissue or a group of cells are removed from one person, the donor and surgically transplanted into another person, the recipient, and moved from one site to another site in the same person.  Body Surgery Surgery is a branch of medical practice that treats injuries, diseases, and deformities by the physical removal, repairing, and readjustment of organs and tissues, often involving cutting into the body.  Genetic Research Genetic Research is the study of human DNA to find out what genes and environmental factors contribute to diseases.  Death and Dying Ethical issues about death and dying are person's right to make end-of-life decisions have become one of the most legally complex and culturally sensitive areas to emerge in our time.  Embalming and Autopsy Embalming is the treatment of a dead body to sterilize it or to protect it from decay. Autopsy is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death. Opening Prayer  Problems and Issues of Biomedical Ethics Prepared By: Chuckee B. Gatchalian, LPT, MAEd, MOS  1. Abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage. An abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It can be done two different ways: Medication Abortion - Which uses medicines to end the pregnancy. It is sometimes called a "medical abortion" or "abortion with pills." Surgical Abortion – A procedure to remove the pregnancy from the uterus. 2. Contraceptions/Birth Control Birth Control, also known as Contraception, is the use of medicines, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy. There are many different types. Some are reversable, while others are permanent.  3. Drug Addiction Drug Addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medicine. 4. Organ Selling & Trading Organ selling & trading is also known as the “Blood Market" is the trading of human organs, tissues, or other body products, usually for transplantation. It is considered as human trafficking activity.  5. Cosmetic Body Surgery Cosmetic Body Surgery is done to change your appearance. For some, it may mean redesigning the body's contour and shape, smoothing wrinkles, or eliminating balding areas.  6. Body Modification Physical alteration, such as a tattoo or piercing, is referred to as Body Modification, which is a broad category that includes just about any alteration that a person makes to their body. 7. Euthanasia / Mercy Killing Euthanasia also known as "Mercy Killing" is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. The practice is illegal in most countries.  8. Suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders, physical disorders, and substance abuse are risk factors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress, relationship problems, or harassment and bullying. 4 Types of Suicide Causes Egoistic Altruistic Anomic Fatalistic Altruistic suicide is Anomic suicide relates Fatalistic suicide is the Egoistic Suicide relates when social group to a low degree of extreme rule in order or to the person being involvement is too regulation and this kind high expectations set alone or an outsider and high, expectation from of suicide is carried out upon a person or subsequently they see a group is being met at during periods of peoples in which led themselves alone within a very high level such considerable stress, them to a sense of no the world. as a sacrifice for a cult phobia and frustration. self or individuality. or religion. 9. Human Cloning Human Cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. 10. Unethical Human Experimentation Unethical human experimentation is considered as “Human Torturing” a human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics. Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent and torturing people under the guise of research. Nazi Human Experimentation Nazi Human Experimentation was a series of medical experiments during world war II on prisoners by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly between 1942 and 1945. There were 15,754 documented victims, of various nationalities and age groups, although the true number is believed to be more extensive. Many survived, with only a quarter of documented victims killed. Survivors generally experienced severe permanent injuries. At Auschwitz and other camps, under the direction of Eduard Wirths, selected inmates were subjected to various experiments that were designed to help German military personnel in combat situations, develop new weapons, aid in the recovery of military personnel who had been injured. Blood Coagulation Experiments Bone, Muscle, and Nerve Transplantation Experiments. Experiments on Twins Freezing Experiments Seawater Experiments Unit 731 Unit 731 also known as the "Kamo Detachment" it was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937– 1945) and World War II. It killed an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 people. Unit 731 was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes committed by the Japanese armed forces. It routinely conducted tests on people who were dehumanized and internally referred to as "logs." Human Vivisection Weapon and Chemical Testing Injected with Animal Blood (Horse & Guinea Pigs Blood) Frostbite Testing  Activity No. 1 Biomedical Ethics Prepared By: Chuckee B. Gatchalian, LPT, MAEd, MOS  Direction: In a 1 whole yellow paper, answer the following. (20 points) 1. Choose 3 among the 10 issues and problems of Biomedical Ethics. The 1 will be the worst and 3 will be the least. 2. Give at least 3 possible causes of each issues and problems chosen. (Explain your answer in 3 sentence form) 3. Give at least 3 possible way to prevent or solve each issues and problems chosen. (Explain your answer in 3 sentence form) Name: Gatchalian, Chuckee B. Section: CIV 232 1. Organ Selling & Trading 2. Abortion 3. Drug Addiction Causes: Causes: Causes: a. a. a. b. b. b. c. c. c. Solution: Solution: Solution: a. a. a. b. b. b. c. c. c.