Lesson 5.pdf

Historical context and Rizal’s f0rmation Objectives: 1. Identify the conditions in the Philippines during Rizal’s time. 2. Relate these conditions to the present-day Philippines.  Before Jose Rizal was considered as the first Asian nationalist, he was born hundred years ago and befo...

Historical context and Rizal’s f0rmation Objectives: 1. Identify the conditions in the Philippines during Rizal’s time. 2. Relate these conditions to the present-day Philippines.  Before Jose Rizal was considered as the first Asian nationalist, he was born hundred years ago and before his time in a small town in laguna, he inspired a hundredfold Filipino leading to the first national revolution in Asia. It would be fitting to consider the conditions during his time that contributed in forging his perspectives in life 3. No Philippine 1. Instability of 4. Human Rights 2. Corrupt Representation in 5. No equality Colonial Denied to Colonial Officials the Spanish Before the Law Administration Filipinos Cortes 6. 10. Haciendas 7. Racial Maladministration 8. Frailocracy 9. Forced Labor Owned by the Discrimination of Justice Friars 11. Guardia Civil  THE INSTABILITY OF SPANISH POLITICS SINCE THE TURBULENT REIGN OF KING FERDINAND VII STARTED THE POLITICAL UNREST IN SPAIN. BETWEEN THE FORCES OF DESPOTISM AND LIBERALISM.  Despotism is cruel and unfair go vernment by a ruler or rulers who have a lot of power.  LIBERALISLISM 1. willingness to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from one's own; openness to new ideas. 2. a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise. CORRUPT COLONIAL OFFICIALS WITH A HANDFUL EXCEPTION, COLONIAL OFFICIALS SENT BY SPAIN TO WATCH OVER THE PROGRESS OF THE ISLAND WERE CORRUPT, INCOMPETENT, AND CRUEL REPRESENTING THE DECADENCE OF THE SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 19TH CENTURY MOST OF THEM WERE IGNORANT AND WASTEFUL IN THE USE OF RESOURCES. NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES. TO WIN THE SUPPORT OF THE OVERSEAS COLONIES DURING THE NAPOLEONIC INVASION SPAIN GRANTED EACH A REPESENTATION IN THE CORTES (SPANISH PARLIAMENT). UNFORTUNATELY, THE REPRESENTATION OF THE OVERSEAS COLONIES WAS ABOLISHED IN 1837 WHICH RESULTED INTO GROWING ABUSE OF POWER BECAUSE FILIPINO PEOPLE COULD NOT EXPOSE THE ANOMALIES HAPPENING IN THE ISLAND.  VENTURA DE LOS REYES WAS THE FIRST DELEGATE, WHO TOOK PART ACTIVELY IN FRAMING SPAIN’S FIRST DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION.  HUMAN RIGHTS DENIED TO FILIPINOS SPANISH CONSTITUTION OF 1812 AND IN SUCCEEDING YEARS, THE SPANISH PEOPLE ENJOYED FREEDOM OF SPEECH, OF THE PRESS, OF ASSOCIATION AND OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS (EXCEPT RELIGION). SUPRISINGLY, THE SPANISH AUTHORITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES DENIED THEM TO THE FILIPINOS THAT EVEN SPEAKING ILL TO THE GOVERNMENT AND TO THE CHURCH WAS PUNISHABLE BY DEATH. NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW THE SPANISH MISSIONARIES FORCED FILIPINOS INTO CHRISTIANITY AND THEATRICALLY ENTERTAINED THE PEOPLE BY THE IDEA THAT REGARDLESS OF COLOR AND RACE, THEY ARE CHILDREN OF GOD AND SUCH THAT THEY ARE BROTHERS AND EQUAL, LEADING TO MORE FILIPINOS BECOMING CHRISTIANS. IN PRACTICE, THE SPANISH MISSIONARIES DID NOT IMPLEMENT THE CHRIST’S PRECEPTS. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION SPANISH AUTHORITIES REGARDED FILIPINOS AS INFERIOR BEINGS WHO WERE UNDERSERVING OF THE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES THAT THE SPANIARDS ENJOYED. WITH SUCH UNCHRISTIANS PERSPECTIVE, MANY SPANIARDS CALLED THE BROWN-SKINNED AND FLAT NOSES FILIPINOS AS “INDIOS.” FRAILOCRACY A notorious invisible government existed in Spanish Philippines. This government was called "frailocracy" meaning rule of the friars. During the last decades of the 19th century the Spanish friars were so influential and powerful that they practically ruled the Philippines.  FORCED LABOR KNOWN AS POLO Y SERVICIO, A COMPULSORY LABOR IMPOSED BY FILIPINOS WHO WERE WEALTHY THE SPANISH COLONIAL WERE ABLE TO ESCAPE THE AUTHORITIES ON ADULT FILIPINO MANUAL LABOR BY PAYING THE MALES IN CONSTRUCTION OF FALLA, A SUM OF MONEY PAID TO CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, THE GOVERNMENT TO EXEMPTED BUILDING AND REPAIR ROADS, OF FROM THE POLO. SHIPS IN THE SHIPYARDS; AND OTHER PUBLIC WORKS. HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS Spanish friars belonging to different religious orders were the richest landlords, for they owned the best haciendas. The rural folks, who had been living in these haciendas and cultivating them generation after generation became tenants.  GUARDIA CIVIL ONE OF THE MOST HATED SPANISH SYMBOL OF TYRANNY IN THE PHILIPPINES WAS THE GUARDIA CIVIL. IT WAS CREATED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAINTAINING PEACE AND ORDER IN THE PHILIPPINES. THE GUARDIA CIVIL BECAME INFAMOUS FOR THEIR RAMPANT ABUSES SUCH AS MALTREATING INNOCENT PEOPLE AND LOOTING THEIR VALUABLE BELONGINGS.